Mandi Corrected 3 Final plan Mandi.pdf2.3 Rainfall Pattern in Various Agro Ecological Situations of...

FOREWORD

Reducing hunger and poverty in the country by half by 2015, the first UN millennium development goal, remains a serious concern. The small and marginal farmers constituting 65 per cent of the producers in India face hunger and poverty. Food insecurity among them is both a cause and consequence of poverty. Farmers are also consumers and 70 per cent of the consumers in India are also those who earn their livelihood in farming. Because of continuing poor performance of agriculture in rainfed areas and by these farmers, the growth rates of Indian agriculture witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade, plummeting to less than 2 per cent for the decade 1995-2005 and then rising slightly above two per cent during 2006-07. However, it is still much less than the expected growth rate of 4 per cent. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector against 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. Therefore, how the nation and states jointly prepare the farmers to learn to live under the new challenges and opportunities will largely determine the success in managing the national food security and poverty scenario.

The uncommon opportunities for launching a new initiative named evergreen revolution, especially to address agricultural concerns of small farmers in rainfed areas, demand innovative policies and strategies, new planning and frontier technologies which can enhance productivity per unit of land and water. For this purpose, the most important strategic programme introduced in the Eleventh Five Year Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores. It gives states more flexibility and incentives to spend more on agricultural sector. The additional assistance is given to the state governments, provided expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. The success of efforts of states in the coming five years will depend on the scale of success of synergies it is able to develop with RKVY and other programmes.

To avail additional assistance under this scheme, a framework has been provided which requires that every district should draw up a district agriculture plan that fully utilises an initial resource envelope from all existing schemes, state or central, including resources at the district level from central schemes such as those of Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Panchayati Raj and other Ministries. “TheDISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLANS (DAPs) are aimed at determining the overall resource envelope of each district, its production plan and the associated input plan”. The DAPs will document the diversity of farming economy and growth patterns within the district, potential micro climatic niches, farming systems and natural resources, cropping patterns and livestock. It has also been emphasised to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plan. It has been made mandatory to prepare DAPs in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, so as to benefit from the new central schemes for agricultural development.

It is in this context that the Department of Agriculture, Govt of Himachal Pradesh, entrusted the

task of preparing the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) of eleven districts except Una and State Agriculture Plan (SAP) to the H.P. Agricultural University, Palampur. The university took this gigantic task seriously and constituted a core team of agricultural economists under the leadership of Dr. H. R. Sharma, Professor and Head Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Education & Rural Sociology. The team developed conceptual framework and evolved methodology for the selection of sample panchayats. Overall, 367 sample panchayats were selected from all the 72 blocks of eleven districts in the state. Two questionnaires, one to collect data at the block level and other to collect data at the panchayat level, were prepared. To accomplish the task of data collection, over 200 scientists of the university were engaged for conducting field survey and secondary data collection from across the state in as many as 72 teams. The scientists remained in the field for about two weeks and collected data from the selected panchayats and blocks using participatory rural appraisal (PRA). To ensure comprehensiveness

in data collection for these plans, each district was assigned to a team(s) of agricultural economists. The agricultural economists incharge of different districts worked to prepare draft agriculture plans for different districts, including state agriculture plan.

The field data were further compiled and analysed by the core team of agricultural economists. The plans have been prepared as per the guidelines laid down by the Planning Commission in Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan Manual (C-DAP). Each DAP document contains a plethora of information on various aspects of agricultural development such as cropping patterns, cropping systems, input use, yield gaps, diseases, constraints and required R&D interventions, projected rates of growth for major agricultural crops and agricultural sector including horticulture and animal husbandry and projected input requirements. DAP documents also contain estimates on rural roads, available irrigation potential including water harvesting, soil conservation, human resource requirement and researchable issues that require attention to boost agricultural production and productivity of agricultural sector.

In accomplishing this task, a large team of scientists, administrative staff of the university and key persons of the state Government played key roles. The team leader, Dr. H. R. Sharma and his core team comprising Dr. S. K. Chauhan, Dr. K. D. Sharma, Dr. Virender Kumar and Dr. Harbans Lal prepared the broad framework for preparing the plans. Dr. Kamlesh Singh, Professor Statistics, Mr. Vaibhav Kalia and Mr. Kapil Sharma computer programmers developed a computer programme to analyse the data. The District Agriculture Plan for Mandi was prepared by Dr. A. S. Saini and Dr. J. S. Guleria. In addition, a large number of scientists and administrative staff of the university were involved in the first ever such state wide field survey for weeks. I wish to place on record my appreciation of the wonderful work done by each one of the above named persons and those I could not mention by name.

Throughout the work on DAPs, the university team received valuable backup advisory support

from several officers of the Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry in particular from Mr. J. C. Rana, Director, Agriculture, Mr. H. R. Sharma, Additional Director, Agriculture and Mr. Y. P. Thakur, Superintendent Engineer (Soil Conservation) and on behalf of the university I wish to thank them. Lastly, I appreciate and acknowledge the cooperation and help so willingly offered to survey teams and economist incharges by the district level officers of different departments, especially those from the agriculture department, the scientists of UHF, Solan and the Pradhans of Panchayats as well as farmers, during the field surveys and report preparation.

DR TEJ PARTAP Vice Chancellor

Palampur, March 18, 2009

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C O N T E N T S

Chapter Title of the Chapter Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix-xxiv

Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1-6 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Data and Methods 4

1.2.1 Sampling Plan 4 1.2.2 Survey Tools 4 1.2.3 Analytical Tools 5 1.2.4 Limitations 6

Chapter II DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT 7-582.1 Background and History 7

2.1.1 Location 7 2.1.2 Boundaries 7 2.2 Physiographic Features 8

2.2.1 Area 8 2.2.2 Seasons & Climate 8 2.2.3 Rainfall & Snowfall 10 2.2.4 Soils 12 2.2.5 Forests 13 2.2.6 Flora & Fauna 14 2.2.7 Fishery 15 2.2.8 Sanctuaries 15 2.3 Demographic Features 16

2.3.1 Distribution of Population 16 2.3.2 Sex Ratio 18 2.3.3 Density of Population 20 2.3.4 Literacy Level 20 2.3.5 Occupational Distribution 22 2.4 Agricultural Status 25

2.4.1 Land Use Pattern 27 2.4.2 Distribution of Land Holdings 29 2.4.3 Cropping Pattern 30 2.4.4 Crop Yields 31 2.4.5 Vegetable Production 32 2.4.6 Fruit Production 34 2.5 Irrigation and Use of Inputs 35 2.6 Livestock and Fisheries 41 2.7 Insects, Pests, Diseases and Weeds Problems in Mandi District. 43 2.8 Infrastructural Facilities 45

2.8.1 Banking, Marketing and Co-operation 46 2.8.2 Means of Communication 50 2.8.3 Power 51

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2.9 Industry and Employment Status 51 2.10 Agro - tourism 52 2.11 Extension Services 53

Chapter III SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT 59-643.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agricultural and Allied Sectors 59

3.1.1 Strengths 59 3.1.2 Weaknesses 60 3.1.3 Opportunities 61 3.1.4 Threats 61 3.2 Issues Emerging out of SWOT Analysis 62 3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers 63

Chapter IV AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT 65-1284.1 Land Use Pattern of the District 65 4.2 Water Resources and Management 65 4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern 69 4.4 Input Use and Gaps 69 4.5 Yield Gap Analysis 70 4.6 Reasons for Gap 70 4.7 Farm Mechanization 70 4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture and Rural Development 71 4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems 71

4.10 Extension Gaps 71 4.11 Extension Interventions 72 4.11 Researchable Issues 72

Chapter V ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS 129-1885.1 Horticulture 129 5.2 Animal Husbandry 129 5.3 Poultry 129 5.4 Rabbitary 130 5.5 Fisheries 130 5.6 Sericulture & Floriculture 130 5.7 Mushroom 130 5.8 Medicinal Plants 130 5.9 Beekeeping 134

5.10 Tea 134 5.11 Agricultural Marketing 134 5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure 134

5.12.1 Physical 134 5.12.2 Institutional 134 5.12.3 Human Resources 135 5.13 Rural Enterprises 135 5.14 Agro-Processing 135 5.15 Drudgery of Women 135 5.16 Input Use and Gaps 135 5.17 Yield Gap Analysis 136

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5.18 Reasons for Yield Gap 136 5.19 Interventions needed 136 5.20 Research/Extension Gaps 137 5.21 Researchable Issues 137

Chapter VI DISTRICT PLAN 189-2066.1 Plan Estimates 189 6.2 New/Innovative Schemes 189 6.3 Prioritisation of Different Schemes 190 6.4 Projected Outcomes, Growth Rates and Input Requirement 190 6.5 Growth Drivers 192 6.6 Vision of the Plan 193

APPENDICES 207-218

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page 1.1 The Sample Panchayats 5 2.1 AES - wise Cultivated Area and Blocks 9 2.2 Spread of AES in the District 9 2.3 Rainfall Pattern in Various Agro Ecological Situations of Mandi

District 10

2.4 Trend in Average Rainfall:1990-91 to 2003-04 10 2.5 Information on Occurrence of Drought in Different Blocks of

Mandi District. 11

2.6 Information on Soils in the Mandi District 12 2.7 Block-wise Information on Soils for the Mandi District 13 2.8 Information on Problem Soils in the District 13 2.9 Forest Cover in Mandi District 14

2.10 Changing Forest Cover in Mandi district 14 2.11 Demographic Features, 2001 16 2.12 Tehsil-wise Rural and Urban Population of District Mandi, 2001 17 2.13 Tehsil-wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of

District Mandi, 2001 17

2.14 Tehsil –wise Demographic Features of District Mandi, 2001 18 2.15 Block -wise Sex Ratio 19 2.16 Changes in Sex Ratio Over the Period 20 2.17 Density of Population (1981-2001) 20 2.18 Changes in Literacy Levels (1981-2001) 21 2.19 Block - wise Literacy Rate 21 2.20 Educational Level Attained 22 2.21 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001 23 2.22 Per Cent of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 23 2.23 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001 24 2.24 Changing Land Utilization Pattern 28 2.25 Block - wise Land Use Pattern in Mandi District 28 2.26 Changing Patterns of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 29 2.27 Block -wise Operational Land Holdings of Mandi District 29 2.28 Changes in Average Size of Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96 30 2.29 Changes in Cropping Pattern 31 2.30 Block - wise Crops and Cropping Systems of District Mandi 31 2.31 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrain

Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 32

2.32 Changes in Yields of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03 32 2.33 Areas, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables, 2005-06 33 2.34 Area, Production and Yield of Major Vegetables 33 2.35 Trend in Production of Potato 34 2.36 Areas and Production of Different Fruit, 2005-06 34 2.37 Per Cent Area and Production of Different Fruit, 2005-06 34

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2.38 Areas, Production, Yield of Fruit; 1990-91 to 2005-06 35 2.39 Area Under Irrigation, Major Crops 35 2.40 Block - wise Information on Rainfed and Irrigated Area in District

Mandi 36

2.41 Information on Irrigation Projects Near Completion 37 2.42 Area Under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops 37 2.43 Organic Inputs Used in the District 37 2.44 Details on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Other Minor Forest

By- Products 38

2.45 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2006-07 38 2.46 Extent of Mechanization 39 2.47 Block-wise Information on the Agricultural Implements and Farm

Machinery 40

2.48 Changes in Livestock Population, 1977 to 2003 41 2.49 Status of Livestock in Different Blocks of Mandi District 42 2.50 Changes in Livestock Production, 1990-91 to 2006-07 42 2.51 Priority -wise Insect Pest Problems in Mandi District 43 2.52 Major Diseases Limiting the Crop Production in Mandi District 45 2.53 Priority -wise Weed Problems 45 2.54 Deposits and Advances of Scheduled Commercial Banks 46 2.55 List of Credit Institutions in Operation for Agriculture and Allied

Sectors in the District Mandi 46

2.56 Co-operative Societies 47 2.57 Information Regarding Markets in the District Mandi 47 2.58 Public-Private Partnership in Market Related Initiatives in the

District 48

2.59 Information on Market Infrastructure Facilities Available in District Mandi

49

2.60 Information on Agro-Processing Facilities Available in and outside the District but serving the need of the District

49

2.61 List of Farmers Groups and Organizations Working in Mandi District

50

2.62 Information on Communication System Prevailing in District Mandi

50

2.63 Families Below Poverty Line 51 2.64 Details of Industrial Units in Medium & Large Scale Sector 51 2.65 Government Employees (Regular) as on 31.03.2002 52 2.66 Participation of Women in Management /Ownership in SSI Sector 52 2.67 Enterprises and Persons Usually Working (Economic Census,

1998) 52

2.68 Number of Factories and Workers 52 2.69 Information on Input and Service Providers in District Mandi 54 2.70 Information on Infrastructure Facilities Under Department

SAU/NGO/Pvt. Sector, Animal Husbandry 56

2.71 Information of Research and Extension Development Activity in 57

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Mandi District (2003-04) 4.1 Block - wise Land Utilization Pattern 74

4.2 a Problems for Land Development 75 4.2 b Interventions for Land Development 78 4.3 Improvement Needed to Increase the Productivity of Land 81 4.4 Financial Estimates for Land Development 81 4.5 Ground Water Availability, Utilization and Stage of Development 82 4.6 Major Cropping Systems 83 4.7 Cropping Patterns 85 4.8 Seed Use, Requirement and Gap 88 4.9 Fertiliser Use, Requirement and Gaps, 2007-08 92

4.10 Yield Gaps in Important Crops 93 4.11 Farm Machinery: Use and Gap 96 4.12 Existing Block Level Schemes for Agriculture Development 98

4.13 a Status of Completed Irrigation Schemes 99 4.13 b Status of Functional Irrigation Schemes 101 4.13 c Status of Non-Functional Irrigation Schemes 103 4.13 d Status of Ongoing Irrigation Schemes 104 4.14 Irrigation Schemes: Funds for Repair and Maintenance 106

4.15 a Varietal and Technological Problems of Cereals, Pulses and Oilseed Crops

108

4.15 b Technological Interventions of Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds Crops 111 4.16 a Varietal and Technological Problems of Vegetable and Spice

Crops 113

4.16 b Technological Interventions of Vegetable and Spice Crops 116 4.17 a Varietal and Technological Problems of other Crops 118 4.17 b Technological Interventions of other Crops 118 4.18 Estimated Yields and Yield Gaps in Crops 119 5.1 Existing Block Level Schemes for Horticulture Development 140 5.2 Existing Status and Potential for Horticulture Development 141 5.3 Existing Block Level Schemes for Livestock and Fisheries

Development 144

5.4 Livestock Population 145 5.5 Status and Potential for Cultured Fisheries 146 5.6 Medicinal Plants Found in the Mandi District 131 5.7 Production and Disposal of Agricultural Products 148 5.8 Production and Disposal of Livestock and Livestock Products 150 5.9 Marketing Infrastructure 151

5.10 Financial Estimate for Marketing Infrastructure 152 5.11 Existing Human Resource for Agricultural Development 153 5.12 Financial Estimates for Required Human Resources 154 5.13 Unemployment Status 155 5.14 Status of Enterprises 156 5.15 Potential Enterprises for Unemployed and Assistance Required 165 5.16 Agribusiness Establishments 168

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5.17 Drudgery of Women 169 5.18 Livestock Feeding Practices 171 5.19 Yield Gaps in Fruit Crops 172 5.20 Livestock Production Estimates 175

5.21 a Varietal and Technological Problems for Fruit Crops (Per cent of Panchayats)

176

5.21 b Varietal and Technological Interventions for Fruit Crops 178 5.22 Incidence of Livestock Diseases 179

5.23 a Interventions for Livestock Diseases 181 5.23 b Interventions for Feed and Fodder Development 185 5.24 Problems and Interventions for Cultured Fisheries 188 6.1 District Agricultural Plan: Sectoral Outlays and Yearly Allocation 194 6.2 New Schemes for Agriculture and Rural Development 196 6.3 New Irrigation Schemes 199 6.4 Prioritizations of Different Schemes 200 6.5 Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets 203 6.6 Projected Output Growth of Foodgrains and Vegetables 203 6.7 Projected Output and Growth in Production of Different

Agricultural Crops 204

6.8 Projected Output Growth in Fruit Crop Production 205 6.9 Projected Output Growth in Livestock Products and Live Animals

for Sale 205

6.10. Projected Value of Output and Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sectors

205

6.11 Fertiliser Demand, Actual Supply and Projections for 2012-13 206 6.12 Seed Demand and Projections for 2012-13 206

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Appendix Table 1 Block - wise Demographic and Institutional Features 207 Appendix Table 2 Distribution of Workers and Categories of Households 211 Appendix Table 3 Block - wise Demographic Information for District Mandi 213 Appendix Table 4 Farm Gate Prices of Different Crops and Livestock Products 215

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Trend in Average Rainfall in Mandi District 11 2.2 Tehsil – wise Sex Ratio 19 2.3 Proportion of Main and Marginal Workers at the District and

State Level 22

2.4 Pattern of Fertilizer Consumption 39

MAP

4.1 Ground Water User Map, District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 67

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. District Agricultural Plan: Funding Proposal for Five Years (Lakh Rs.)

Sr.No.

Schemes Total Plan Yearly Allocation Outlay I II III IV V

I Interventions to Improve and Enhance Sustainability of Crop Production System

4,285 642.75 857 857 857 1,071.75

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetable and spice crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5

2 Improvement of soil health through vermi-composting, bio-fertilizers, micro nutrients, soil testing etc.

450 67.5 90 90 90 112.5

3 Protection of crops against biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds) and abiotic stresses (hailstorms, drought, flash floods, etc) and other risk factors

250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5

4 Water use efficiency through micro irrigation

700 105 140 140 140 175

(i) Sprinkler 600 90 120 120 120 150 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization

through popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery

260 39 52 52 52 65

6 Protected (poly house) cultivation to minimize risk factors and enhance quality and productivity

1,900 285 380 380 380 475

7 Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)

35 5.25 7 7 7 8.75

8 Strengthening of seed production farms and promotion of infrastructure to improve seed production and replacement

40 6 8 8 8 10

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II Need Based Infrastructural Development

18961 2844.15 3792.2 3792.2 3792.2 4740.25

1 Improvement of on-farm water delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

18,081 2,712.15 3,616.2 3,616.2 3,616.2 4,520.25

2 Rural markets 880 132 176 176 176 220 III Natural Resource

Conservation and Management

30559 4583.85 6111.8 6111.8 6111.8 7639.75

1. Soil conservation of arable and non-arable land through engineering measures

2,488 373.2 497.6 497.6 497.6 622

2. Water harvesting check dams, ponds, tanks, etc

21938 3290.55 4387.6 4387.6 4387.6 5484.5

3. Land improvement 6,133 919.95 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,533.25 IV Niche - based Enterprises

for Rural Entrepreneurs 160 24 32 32 32 40

1. Organic farming 48 7.2 9.6 9.6 9.6 12 2. Mushroom 22 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.5 3. Sericulture 90 13.5 18 18 18 22.5 V Fruit Production 2,380 357 476 476 476 595 VI Livestock, Poultry &

Fisheries2,166 324.9 433.2 433.2 433.2 541.5

1 Livestock improvement 1,145 171.75 229 229 229 286.25 2 Fisheries 1,021 153.15 204.2 204.2 204.2 255.25 VII Human Resource

Development 2,850 427.5 570 570 570 712.5

1 Additional man power requirement

2,767 415.05 553.4 553.4 553.4 691.75

2 Capacity building of extension personnel

83 12.45 16.6 16.6 16.6 20.75

VIII Research & Extension 1,523 228.45 304.6 304.6 304.6 380.75

IX All Sectors & Schemes 62884 9432.6 12576.8 12576.8 12576.8 15721 Note: The funding proposal for the next five year plan is extracted from the comprehensive District Agriculture Plan. This plan excludes full amount of funds earmarked for development of irrigation and rural roads for connectivity and 50 per cent of the funds estimated for rural markets and water harvesting

xi

II. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan: Sectoral Outlays and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakhs)

Sr.No.

Schemes Total Plan Yearly Allocation Outlay I II III IV V


4,285 642.75 857 857 857 1,071.75

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetable and spice crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5


450 67.5 90 90 90 112.5


250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5


700 105 140 140 140 175

(i) Sprinkler 600 90 120 120 120 150 (ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25 5 Agricultural mechanization

through popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery

260 39 52 52 52 65


1,900 285 380 380 380 475


35 5.25 7 7 7 8.75


40 6 8 8 8 10

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II Need Based Infrastructural Development

61,391.0 9,208.7 12,278.2 12,278.2 12,278.2 15,347.75

1 Irrigation 17,345 2,601.75 3,469 3,469 2,286.8 4,336.25 2 Improvement of on-farm

water delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

18,081 2,712.15 3,616.2 3,616.2 3,616.2 4,520.25

3 Rural markets 1,759 263.85 351.8 351.8 351.8 439.75 4 Rural roads for connectivity 24,206 3,630.9 4,841.2 4,841.2 4,841.2 6,051.5 III Natural Resource

Conservation and Management

52,496 7,874.4 10,499.2 10,499.2 10,499.2 13,124


2,488 373.2 497.6 497.6 497.6 622


43,875 6,581.25 8,775 8,775 8,775 10,968.75

3. Land improvement 6,133 919.95 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,533.25 IV Niche - based Enterprises

for Rural Entrepreneurs 160 24 32 32 32 40

1. Organic farming 48 7.2 9.6 9.6 9.6 12 2. Mushroom 22 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.5 3. Sericulture 90 13.5 18 18 18 22.5 V Fruit Production 2,380 357 476 476 476 595 VI Livestock, Poultry &

Fisheries2,166 324.9 433.2 433.2 433.2 541.5

1 Livestock improvement 1,145 171.75 229 229 229 286.25 2 Fisheries 1,021 153.15 204.2 204.2 204.2 255.25 VII Human Resource

Development 2,850 427.5 570 570 570 712.5


2,767 415.05 553.4 553.4 553.4 691.75


83 12.45 16.6 16.6 16.6 20.75

VIII Research & Extension 1,523 228.45 304.6 304.6 304.6 380.75 IX All Sectors & Schemes 1,27,251 19,087.65 25,450.2 25,450.2 25,450.2 31,812.75

III. Projected Output Growth in Foodgrain and Vegetable Production

CropExisting Potential Production

(mt) Growth (% p. a)

Area (ha) Production (MT)

Yield(q/ha)

Scenario I

Scenario II

Scenario I

Scenario II

Maize 48,681 1,37,282 28.20 1,68,652 1,60,130 4.57 3.33 Paddy 20,942 26,344 12.58 37,776 36,140 8.68 7.44 Wheat 66,373 1,21,193 18.26 1,56,003 1,48,479 5.74 4.50 Barley 3,839 7,002 18.24 8,632 8,198 4.66 3.42 Pulses 3,280 1,489 4.54 1,813 1,721 4.35 3.11 Food grains 1,44,798 2,93,309 20.23 3,76,020 3,57,841 5.68 4.44 Vegetables 5,762 1,06,021 184.0 1,43,578 3,14,419 7.08 39.31

Note: i Scenario I output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes ii. Scenario II output growth with diversion of 20 % irrigated area to vegetable crops

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IV. Projected Output Growth in Production of Different Crops

Current Production (mt) Projected Production (mt)

Growth Rate in Production (% p.a.)

Cereal Maize 1,10,506 2,10,789 18.15 Paddy 46,282 83,140 15.93 Wheat 1,51,994 2,86,731 17.73 Barley 5,375 9,367 14.86 Buckwheat 53 88 13.04 Millets 51 76.59 6.65 Total 2,15,173 3,90,817 16.33 Pulses Rongi 14 33.36 27.89 Mash 946 1,516.38 12.05 Moong 6 8.36 7.83 Rajmash 2,691 4,677.26 14.76 Gram 140 205.88 9.43 Lentil 139 225.64 12.55 Kulthi 44 62.18 8.51 Total 2,912 4,721.87 12.43 Oilseeds Sesame 20 27.36 8.00 Sarson 132 211.63 12.13 Toria 37 47.40 5.71 Linseed 163 244.90 10.00 Gobhi sarson 20 28.80 9.39 Total 372 560.09 10.11 Vegetables Potato 3,05,112 4,83,013 11.66 Peas 15,543 25,489 12.80 Tomato 14,099 21,837 10.98 Beans 2,039 2,440 3.93 Onion 3,960 5,731 8.94 Cabbage 12,938 16,604 5.67 Cauliflower 7,142 10,451 9.27 Okra (Bhindi) 2,446 2,947 4.09 Cucurbits 5,808 7,945 7.36 Capsicum 2,621 3,054 3.31 Brinjal 1,849 2,179 3.57 Total 3,73,557 5,81,690 11.14 Green Fodder (Barseem) 41,422 51,454 4.84

Note: Growth rate based on gaps between actual and progressive farmers’ yields

V. Projected Output Growth in Fruit Production

Particular

Existing Potential Growth rate in

production (% p.a)

Area(ha)

Production (mt)

Yield(q/ha)

Area(ha)

Production (mt)

Yield(q/ha)

Apple 15,193 46,050 30.31 17,987 86,679 48.19 7.35 Stone fruits 1,896 742 3.92 2,325 2,311 9.94 17.61 Citrus fruits 4,101 6,523 15.91 4,375 12,324 28.17 7.41 Mango 3,807 1,605 4.22 4,118 3,562 8.65 10.16 Litchi 257 228 8.87 409 753 18.42 19.21 Guava 656 935 14.25 848 2,204 25.99 11.31 Papaya 27 54 20.09 41 174 42.37 18.35 Walnut 1,016 260 2.56 1,331 588 4.42 10.52

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VI Projected Output Growth in Livestock Products and Live Animals for Sale

Particulars

Existing Potential Growth rate in

production (% p.a)

No. Production (mt)

Milkyield

(l/kg/day)

No. Production (mt)

Milkyield

(l/kg/day) Milk (Crossbred cows)

3,70,276 1922 5.19 3,70,276 4443 12 26.24

Milk (Indigenous cows)

2,21,016 382 1.73 2,21,016 751 3.4 19.31

Buffaloes 70,165 319 4.54 70,165 698 9.95 23.83 Goat 2,62,761 123 0.47 2,62,761 441 1.68 51.49 Wool/sheep (per yr)

1,67,920 148 0.882 1,67,920 316 1.88 22.70

Wool/rabbitary 10,000 1 0.095 10,000 2 0.15 11.58 Sheep/ goat for meat

74,085 1,022 13.79 81,568 1,762 21.6 14.49

Poultry birds sold

3,39,570 - - 3,72,848 - - 1.96

VII. Projected Value of Output and Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Sectors Current value of

production(Rs. Lakh)

Projected value of production(Rs. Lakh)

Growth rate (% p.a)

Agriculture 36,462.87 65,461.50 15.91 Horticulture 9,152.53 15,407.70 13.67 Animal husbandry 1,53,251.63 3,51,103.60 25.82 Fisheries 47.50 100.50 22.32 Overall 1,98,914.53 4,32,073.30 23.44

Interventions

� To ensure availability of quality inputs vis- a-vis improved seeds, fertilizers, plant protection materials by improving and strengthening delivery system.

� Improvement of physical, chemical and biological parameters on the basis of soil health cards proposed to be given to all farmers.

� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilisers and other ameliorants in addition to judicious and balanced nutrients to crops.

� Promotion of micro irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs.

� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming; equipments and implements to reduce labour and drudgery of women folk.

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� Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories).

� Provision of quality plant materials to promote fruit production and harness available potential.

� Promotion of protected cultivation along with supporting infrastructure for quality production of high value cash crops.

� Construction of adequate number of CAS (Control Atmosphere Storage) at vulnerable points.

� The install of anti-hail guns at critical points.

Research and Extension Support

� Refinement and validation of technologies for different agro-ecological situations.

� Transfer of technologies through extension interventions like trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits, replication of success stories, etc.

� Validation of ITKS.

� Use of IT for technology dissemination by creating IT hubs at focal points.

� To create a farmers’ advisory system to address their day - to - day queries.

� To promote and strengthen the public- private partnership for ensuring delivery of need based inputs and technologies.

� To provide technical know - how to farmers about the orchard management techniques like cutting, pruning, grafting and marketing operations like grading, packaging, etc.

VIII Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (ha)

Block Cultivated land

Potential cultivable

land

Productive support

land

Potential support

land

Existing irrigated

area

Potential irrigated

land

Irrigation potential

through water harvesting

Sadar 12,062 5,086 13,091 2,874 780 1,318 2,500 Balh 10,416 4,974 3,182 897 3,369 200 2,500 S Nagar 8,730 7,382 10,760 2,204 611 800 1,500 Gohar 6,838 5,348 5,601 2,516 452 600 1,700 Seraj 10,613 1,400 6,724 2,882 310 111 1,500 Karsog 11,756 773 12,200 4,745 425 3,850 1,500 Gopalpur 9,043 271 4,406 1,714 1,150 700 2,000 Dharmpur 8,963 204 8,292 4,271 928 2,640 2,000 Chauntra 7,018 6,417 4,143 1,692 1,745 1,505 820 Drang 7,486 2,649 5,791 3,550 784 100 1,500 District 92,925 34,504 74,191 27,344 10,554 11,824 17,520

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IX. Projected Fertilisers Demand by 2012-13 (mt)

Type of fertiliser Scenario -I Scenario -II Scenario - III CAN - - - UREA 7,664.38 8,447.19 9,292.7 12:32:16 (N P K) 3,121.94 3,444.19 3,792.52 SSP - - - MOP 545.29 599.08 657.03

Note: (i) Scenario –I projects demand on the basis of growth rate of demand for different fertilizers during the

last five years.

(ii) Scenario –II projects demand on the basis of growth rate of demand plus 2 per cent increase in

demand arising from ongoing process of crop diversification in the district.

(iii) Scenario –III projects demand on the basis of growth rate of demand during the last five years plus 2

per cent growth in demand arising due to crop diversification plus additional 2 per cent increase in

demand, if the target of proposed area under irrigation is fulfilled.

X. Projected Seed Demand by 2012-13 (mt)

Crops Scenario -I Scenario -II Maize 709.14 774.66 Wheat 3,352.63 3,642.53 Paddy 388.11 424.28 Barseem 49.98 54.54 Pulses 611.41 656.45 Vegetables 111.65 123.11 Seed potato 120.66 133.17 Ginger 425.30 455.50

Note: (i) Scenario –I projects demand on the basis of growth rate of demand for

seeds for different crops during the last five years. (ii) Scenario –II projects demand on the basis of growth rate of demand during the last five years plus 2 per cent growth in demand arising due to the target of proposed area under irrigation if fulfilled.

Interventions

� In situ soil and water conservation by employing different measures

� Improvement of support lands (private grasslands) by employing different measures for the control of invasive shrubs, weeds, etc.

� Use of water potential to provide assured irrigation to rain -fed areas

� Water harvesting to create water potential for irrigation and to augment ground water

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XI. Potential Enterprises for Gainful Employment

Sector Enterprises Farm Protected cultivation, off-season vegetable production, mushroom,

dairy, sericulture, nursery raising, fruit and vegetable processing, seed production

Non-Farm Vermi-composting, bee-keeping, mushroom compost, input supply, marketing of vegetable

XII Human Resource Requirement (No.)

Block Crop production

Horticulture Animal husbandry Others Total

Sadar 8 6 5 7 26 Balh 1 5 0 5 11 S Nagar 4 2 5 4 15 Gohar 5 0 4 8 17 Seraj 6 2 4 5 17 Karsog 17 5 10 16 48 Gopalpur 6 11 5 8 30 Dharmpur 5 5 7 13 30 Chauntra 5 3 8 4 20 Drang 10 3 3 8 24 District 67 42 51 78 238

Interventions

� Need based training to the extension personnel within and outside the country

� Exposure to places of success stories where exemplary success has been achieved in the improvement of farming systems

XIII Some Quantitative Outcomes

� Fooodgrains production shall increase from 2, 93, 309 metric tonnes to 3, 76,020 metric tonnes in scenario - I recording a growth rate of 5.68 per cent. Even in scenario - II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is diverted to vegetable production, the foodgrains production shall register an annual growth of 4.44 per cent.

� Production of vegetables would increase from 1, 06, 021 metric tonnes to 1, 43, 578 metric tonnes registering a growth rate of 7.08 per cent in scenario I when the proportion of area under these crops remains same and further it will increase to 3, 14,419 metric tonnes in scenario II when 20 per cent of the irrigated area is brought under these crops experiencing a growth rate of 39.31 per cent/annum. This will generate a marketable surplus of 2, 82, 977 metric tonnes which in monetary terms amounts to Rs. 2,829.8

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crores. This will generate huge employment opportunities through backward and forward linkages.

� The projected output growth rates based on actual and progressive farmers’ yields of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables were 16.33, 12.43, 10.11 and 11.14 per cent/annum, respectively.

� The apple yield in Mandi district will increase from 30.31 to 48.19 quintals/ha, showing the annual growth rate of 7.35 per cent. The production of stone fruit will increase from 742 to 2311 metric tonnes, citrus from 6,523 to 12,324 metric tonnes and mango from 1,605 to 3,562 metric tonnes. Resultantly, the annual growth rate of these fruit will also increase at the rate of 17.61, 7.41 and 10.16 per cent, respectively.

� The milk production from crossbred cows will increase at the rate of 26.24 per cent / annum. The milk production from indigenous cows will increase from 382 to 751 metric tonnes, thus enabling to grow at the rate of 19.31per cent / annum. The annual growth rate of buffalo and goat milk production are 23.83 and 51.49 per cent, respectively. The wool production of sheep in the district is expected to increase from 148 to 316 metric tonnes, indicating 22.70 per cent annual growth rate. The number of sheep/goats and poultry live animals reared for meat purpose will also increase by 14.49 and 1.96 per cent / annum, respectively.

� Agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry sectors are projected to grow at 15.91, 13.67 and 25.82 per cent / annum, respectively. The fish production is projected to grow at 22.32 per cent/ annum. Based on the projections mentioned above, overall agriculture along with its allied sectors is expected to grow at the rate of 23.44 per cent / annum. It should be read with a note of caution that animal husbandry and fisheries have lot of potentials in the district as till now these enterprises lagged behind agriculture and horticulture.

� Irrigation potential shall be created which will provide irrigation to an area of 29,344 hectares.

� Available water potential shall be exploited and thereby 29,344 hectares of land shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation.

� With the implementation of plan, 31.58 per cent of the arable land will have assured irrigation facilities as compared to existing proportion of 11.36.

� A huge chunk of land amounting to 27,877 hectares infested with soil erosion, stream bank erosion, etc shall be treated by adopting soil conservation measures.

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� Support land (private grasslands) of 1, 01, 535 hectares shall be treated against invasive weeds and shrubs. This shall improve the fodder production to the approximate level of 10,153 metric tonnes.

� As per the projections, the demand for different types of fertilizers like UREA, 12:32:16 and MOP by the year 2012-13 under scenario I will be 7,664.38 (9.49 per cent higher than present demand), 3,121.94 (4.08 per cent higher than present demand) and 545.29 (29.52 per cent higher than present demand) metric tonnes, respectively. Under scenario II, the demand for these fertilizers will be 8,447.19 (11.18 per cent higher than present demand), 3,444.19 (14.81 per cent) and 599.08 (42.30 per cent higher than present demand) metric tonnes, respectively. Whereas in scenario III, the demand of said fertilizers will be 9,292.7 (32.75 per cent higher than present demand), 3,792.52 (26.42 per cent higher than present demand) and 657.03 (56.06 per cent higher than present demand) metric tonnes, respectively.

� The demand for seed materials like maize, wheat, paddy, barseem, pulses, vegetables, seed potato and ginger is projected to increase to 709.14, 3,352.63, 388.11, 49.98, 611.41, 111.65, 120.66 and 425.30 metric tonnes, respectively. Under scenario II, the demand for seeds is projected to increase at 774.66, 3,642.53, 424.28, 54.54, 656.45, 123.11, 133.17 and 455.50 metric tonnes, respectively.

XIV Researchable Issues

CORE RESEARCHABLE ISSUES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Plant Breeding

� Breeding of fish specie that can sustain in the toxic water of paddy fields.

� Standardization of production technology of hybrids of cereals, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds.

Pest & Disease Control

� Development of pest forecasting modules for rice leaf folder.

� Formulation of biointensive IPM strategies for the management of

i) Helicoverpa armigera (tomato and gram)

ii) Fruit flies (cucurbits and tomatoes)

iii) White grubs (potato, maize, peas, ginger, cabbage etc)

iv) Cut worms (cereals and vegetables)

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v) Stem borer, leaf folder, hispa and plant hoppers (rice)

vi) Diamondback moth and cabbage caterpillar (cole crops)

vii) Leaf miner and pod borer (peas)

viii) Hairy caterpillar (mash, til, soybean

ix) Termites (cereals and vegetables)

x) Stem borer and aphids (maize)

xi) Plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables)

� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management.

� Pesticide residue analysis in vegetables and determination of MRLs for consumer safety.

� Germplasm screening for resistance against major insect pests (cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables).

� Survey and surveillance for identification of new invasion of insect pests in the state.

� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests.

Soil Improvement, Irrigation, Crop Diversification

� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies, recycling of waste organic residues, etc.) for irrigated and rain fed areas

� Issues related to increasing water productivity of stored water through crop diversification and soil and water management practices

� Encouragement of the farmers to practice intercropping with suitable crops to check soil erosion, weed control and enhance productivity.

� Need for programmes to control wild/stray animal menace adversely affecting the growth of agriculture.

� Promotion of weed and shrub management technologies that are cost -effective and yield promoters.

� Nutrient indices development for improvement of soil health

� Development of practices for organic farming under different cropping systems.

� Development of technology for integrated nutrient management in vegetables.

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CORE RESEARCHABLE ISSUES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALLIED SECTORS

Livestock Improvement

� Identification of constraints thwarting the adoption of improved practices / technologies of dairy & animal husbandry.

� Study on perceptions of various stake-holders i.e. livestock-keepers, veterinarians, paravets and development agencies/ NGOs

� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry-related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) / practices among farmers.

� Development of an integrated livestock (cattle, fish and poultry) production model (ILPM)

� Identification of training needs of women livestock keepers.

� Identification and nutritional evaluation of the high nutrition fodder grasses

Improvement of Fruit Plants

� Evaluation of commercially important apple and apricot varieties in high altitude areas and low to moderate chilling plum and peach varieties at lower altitudes.

� Identification of niche area and remapping of different fruit growing belts.

� Development of technologies for frost management.

� Diversification of fruit with high yielding varieties.

� Development of agro-techniques for improvement of nut quality in pecan.

� Development of techniques for replant problem in stone fruit, especially in plum.

� Development of technology for integrated nutrient management in fruit.

� Development of technology for improving water use efficiency and fertigation in different fruit crops.

� Development of management strategies for mango malformation.

� Management of irregular bearing in pomegranate.

Improvement of Flower Plantation

� Delineation of areas/locations suitable for different flower crops.

� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/planting material of various flower crops to the growers at the affordable prices.

� Standardization of location specific production technology for different flower crops,

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relating to varieties, planting time, nutrients.

� Integrated nutrient management (INM), pest management and irrigation management.

� Flower regulation as per the market demands.

� Post harvest management and maintaining the cool chain.

� Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology) as per the location specificity.

� Development of disease management strategies of ornamental crops like gladiolus, carnation, lilium, etc.

Development of Honey Bees Industry

� Awareness of pollinator conservation and use of honey bees in managed crop pollination for increased crop productivity.

� Identification of different bee keeping belts.

Improvement of Infrastructure

� Development of protected cultivation technology and monitoring of soil health in poly houses.

� Development of infrastructure for assessment of soil health and amelioration of nutrient deficiencies.

� Standardization of agro-forestry models for different agro-ecological situation.

� Safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops.

� Constraint identification in different horticultural crops.

� Strengthening farmers training facilities and TOT.

� Impact assessment and policy evaluation in horticulture sector.

� Irrigation water requirement & scheduling under conventional and high tech systems.

� Development of suitable horticultural varieties keeping in view the climatic changes in the region.

� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops.

CORE RESEARCHABLE ISSUES FOR UPLIFTING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARMERS

� Study of supply chain management and emerging marketing systems.

� Analysing trends and patterns of demand, prices and markets of emerging crops and enterprises in the context of ongoing process of globalization.

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� Understanding economic implications of climatic change towards cropping systems, copping patterns and livelihoods of the farmers.

� Impact assessment of the ongoing process of commercialization of agriculture on natural resource base (soil, water and environment) and its implications towards livelihoods / schemes.

� Studies on impact assessment and policy implications of various developmental programmes/schemes.

XV Sum Up

In brief, the implementation of District Agricultural Plan (DAP) shall strengthen and improve the physical and institutional infrastructure and shall restore, rejuvenate, conserve and enhance the health of the available natural resource base. It shall also give a big boost to the ongoing process of crop diversification towards high value cash crop agriculture including off-season vegetables and other niche based enterprises generating huge employment opportunities for the rural unemployed youth. In concrete terms, the implementation of the plan shall go a long way in ensuring ecological sustainability and economic viability of the production systems of the district by providing more than 23 per cent / annum overall growth of the agriculture and its allied sectors.

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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

It is well known fact that for any development, may be of a country, a state or a district, capturing a picture of grassroots’ problems, needs and hard realities of the real stake holders through participatory approach is imperative and prerequisite, rather than planning at the top level. Planning is an act or process of preparing or carrying out a focused activity with goals, procedures and policies for economic emancipation of a social or economic unit in a given time frame. The document containing goals, targets and policies to accomplish plan targets is defined as plan. Planning in the context of district agricultural plans is an exercise of preparing an integrated plan considering available resources and encompassing all sectoral activities and schemes being carried out by the government or non-government organizations in a local government area such as panchayat, block / taluka or district. Accordingly, the plan thus prepared is called panchayat or block or district plan. The process of democratic decentralized planning in India dates back to the First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) which underlined the need to break up the planning exercise into national, state, district and community levels. Two new elements, namely, establishment of District Development Council and drawing up of village plans and people’s participation in planning process through democratic decisions were added in the Second Five Year Plan following the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1957. Several new elements have been added to strengthen the process of decentralized planning in the subsequent plans. The importance of preparing panchayat/block/district plan lies in involving the people at the grassroots/stakeholders level and those who are responsible for implementing these plans. The Administrative Reforms Commission in 1967 highlighted that planning needed to be focused in those areas where local variations in pattern and process of development were likely to yield quick results. The Planning Commission issued guidelines to the state governments for formulating district plans in 1969. These guidelines provided details regarding the concept and methodology for drawing up these plans in a framework of annual, medium and perspective plans. The recommendations of several other Committees, namely, Danatwala (1978), Hanumantha Rao (1984) and GVK Rao 1985 were instrumental in the concretization of the idea and concept of District Plans.

The preparation of these plans assumed special significance in the aftermath of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments which conferred constitutional status to panchayats at district and sub-district levels and local self-government in urban areas. Article 243 ZD of the constitution provides for the procedure for the constitution of District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the panchayats and municipalities and prepare draft development plan for the whole district. The important functions proposed for the district planning committee include, inter alia, to (i) consolidate plans prepared by the panchayats at

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different levels of the rural local and urban bodies; (ii) assess the development disparity that exists between or among village panchayats, block panchayats and municipalities and identify the basic reasons for these disparities; (iii) identify and prioritize the schemes for the development of district conforming to the objectives of the state and central governments; (iv) formulate objectives and strategies for the identification and prioritization of the schemes for the district. As per the guidelines, the preparation of district level plans have to preceded, among others, by the complete assignment of the activities to be undertaken by different levels of local government, formation of District Planning Committees (DPCs).

The current crisis in agricultural sector has once again brought up the importance of preparing district agricultural plans taking into account myriad of agro-climatic niches, problems and potentials in each of the district in the country. As is well known, performance of Indian economy has been a global success story. While it has been growing at a rate of 6 per cent per annum since 1993, the growth rate has been an astonishing 9 per cent during the last four years. This is in stark contrast to the growth rate in Indian agriculture which has witnessed sharp deceleration during the last decade or so. The growth rate has plummeted from a 3.62 per cent per annum during the period of 1984-85 to 1995-96 to less than 2 per cent in the subsequent period of 1995-96 to 2004-05. Agricultural growth was slightly above two per cent during 2006-07 but much lower than the target growth rate of 4 per cent. In brief, Indian agriculture is in a crisis which is unprecedented. The sordid state of affairs has been attributed, among others, to technology fatigue versus policy fatigue and persistent neglect of agriculture and gradual withdrawal of state from active participation in development activities. It is evident from declining plan outlay, declining public sector capital formation, dwindling credit supply which is manifested in fact that the growth rate of institutional credit to agriculture has declined from about 6. 64 per cent during 1981-91 to 2.16 per cent during 1991-99, decrease in the use of critical inputs, increase in the cost of production, faulty price policy in terms of mismatch between minimum support price (MSP) and cost of cultivation and coverage of commodities under MSP scheme. Likewise, neglect of agricultural research and extension, technology fatigue manifested in stagnation/deceleration in growth of yields of important crops like wheat, practically no increase in area under irrigation despite launching Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) in 1996-97. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04 both central and state governments have spent nearly Rs. 35,000 crores but the net irrigated area has remained static at around 53-55 million hectares, the poor growth in surface irrigation has obliged farmers to depend heavily on ground water exploitation thereby depleting ground water resources and increasing cost of production and fall in the rate of growth of employment opportunities. While the overall employment growth declined from 1.74 per cent between 1983-84 and 1993-94 to 1.08 per cent between 1993-94 and 2003-04, in agriculture it decreased from 1.41 per cent to 0.63 per cent. The net result has been dwindling income of the farmers culminating in increasing number of farmers’ suicides.

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The Eleventh Five -Year Plan (2007-2012) has set a target of 4 per cent for agricultural sector and 9 per cent for the economy as a whole. To accomplish this rate of growth, centre has emphasised fast and inclusive growth, especially of agricultural sector, so that the benefits of growth percolate down to the most vulnerable sections of the society like landless labour, marginal and small farmers, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, women, and so on. A number of new initiatives have been launched to revive growth in agriculture. One of such important innovation that has been introduced in the Eleventh Five Year- Plan is Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) with an outlay of Rs. 25,000 crores to give states more flexibility and autonomy in planning and executing programmes for agriculture, achieve goals of bridging the yield gaps in important crops, maximise returns to the farmers, incentivise them to spend more on agricultural sector and address the agriculture and allied sectors in an integrated manner. The funds under this scheme would be provided to the states as 100 per cent grant by the central government. An outlay of Rs. 1,500 crore has been approved for 2007-08. The financial assistance provided to the state governments from this centrally sponsored scheme is subject to fulfillment of certain conditions. First, the expenditure on agriculture by the state governments is higher than the base period, which is defined as the moving average of the expenditure of the preceding three years. Second, the preparation of district and state agricultural plans is mandatory. The areas like integrated development of food crops including coarse cereals, minor millets and pulses, agricultural mechanisations, soil health and productivity, development of rainfed farming systems, integrated pest management, market infrastructure, horticulture, animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries, completion of projects that have definite time lines, support to institutions that promote agriculture and horticulture, etc organic and bio-fertilizers are given priority. The District Agricultural Plan (DAP) should determine each district’s final resource envelops, its production plan and the associated input plan. It has also been emphasized to integrate these district level agricultural plans with the state plans.

Against above background, the Himachal Pradesh State Department of Agriculture entrusted the task of preparing these plans to the HP Agricultural University as per the guidelines issued by the planning commission. The guidelines entail collection and analysis of data on parameters such as land utilisation, farming systems, cropping pattern, horticulture, inputs use, farm machinery, yield and input gaps, issues in livestock management, fisheries, livelihoods of local population, different ongoing irrigation and watershed programmes/schemes, potential for new schemes, post harvest operations, market infrastructure, and so on at the village/panchayat levels. The methodological framework to prepare these plans got evolved in a series of consultations with the officials of the line department like agriculture and horticulture and the scientists working at different KVKs and regional research stations. The details of the methodological framework have been provided in the subsequence section.

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1.2 Data and Methods

In the literature on methodologies in social sciences, there are five main approaches, namely, sample surveys, rapid appraisal, participant observation, case studies and participatory learning and action to conduct a research inquiry. The reliability and generalisability of the findings of any study hinges on the methodology followed to conduct the study. The adoption of a particular approach or amalgam of different approaches, however, is contingent on a variety of factors most notably, the objectives of the proposed research inquiry, the proposed use of the findings, the required level of reliability of results, complexity of the research area/programme and, of course, the availability of resources in terms of both money and time. The merits and demerits of different approaches have been described in Hulme, 2000, pp. 79-98. The present section is, therefore, devoted to explain methodological framework adopted to prepare district agricultural plans for Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.

1.2.1 Sampling Plan

Mandi district has been divided into 10 developmental blocks. Though, all the developmental blocks in the district were taken, sampling approach was adopted to select the panchayats. The sample panchayats were selected in such a way that variations in micro climatic niches, farming systems and cropping patterns in a particular block were captured. To meet this requirement, 10 -15 per cent of the total panchayats from each of the block with a minimum of four panchayats were selected. Following this methodology, 55 panchayats were selected from Mandi district, the detail of sample panchayats is presented in Table 1 .1

1.2.2 Survey Tools

Guided by the parameters given in guidelines issued by the Planning Commission for the preparation of the district plan and discussions held with the officials of department of agriculture, different aspects on which data were to be collected had been divided in two parts. First, those on which data were to be collected at block level. Second, those on which data were to be collected at panchayats level. Accordingly, two questionnaires were developed which were discussed with different stakeholders and officials of line departments before finalising. These questionnaires were administered in all blocks and sample panchayats of Mandi district. The data were collected following Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach for the agricultural year 2007-08. The officers of the line departments, namely, agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry and panchayat pradhans including two-three progressive farmers participated in the PRA during the data collection process.

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Table 1.1 The Sample Panchyats

Block TotalPanchayats (No.)

No. Selected PanchayatsName

Sadar 48 6 Kotli, Bari Gumanu, Pandoh, Kigas, Chehtigarh,Kot Dhalyas

Balh 51 6 Chhamyar, Shatti, Behna, Nag Chaila, Zaned, Beri

Sundernagar 45 5 Mahadev, Samon, Alsoo, Rohanda, Bhalana Gohar 36 4 Silnu, Saran, Sainj, Dhisti Seraj 39 5 Dheem Kataru, Shiva Thana, Bali Chowki,

Thachadhar, Panjain Karsog 52 6 Lower Karsog, Shahet, Nanj, Mahog, Sawa

mahunag, Shahaj Gopalpur 38 5 Rakhota, Hari Behna, Baldwara, Nowani,

Chowk Dharmapur 44 5 Kothuwan, Langm, Dhawali, Chanouta,

Greyoh Chauntra 36 6 Chauntra, Tikkri Mushera, Ropri Kahloru,

Matehar, Neri Langna, Drahal Drang 33 7 Pali, Chukku, Bhararu, Hargunain, Sanwad,

Barot, Dhamchyan Total 422 55

1.2.3 Analytical Tools

The data were analysed following appropriate statistical tools. Since the data were collected from sample panchayats, the estimates arrived at from sample panchayats were required to be blown up for the block as a whole. For blowing up these estimates, the statistical tools like percentages, simple and weighted averages and standard deviations of different parameters were computed. The averages then were multiplied with the total number of panchayats in a particular block to arrive at the estimates for the whole block. In some cases, depending upon the nature of parameters, one standard deviation was added to the average to arrive at estimates at the block level. The problems, suggestions and interventions suggested by the grass root level functionaries were coded. Based upon these codes, frequency tables were generated and different problems and interventions were prioritized and five most important problems and interventions were considered for preparing plan estimates. The interventions required to solve different problems and to exploit the available potential in different areas, were divided into three categories namely, research, extension and development. The funds for these interventions were then worked out in consultation with the stakeholders. The financial requirements for other parameters like irrigation, watershed schemes, infrastructure, markets, and so on were prepared in consultation with the district level officials of the line departments like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and irrigation.

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1.2.4 Limitations

For the preparation of the district agricultural plan strictly according to the guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, the data on different parameters should have been collected at the village level. This, however, could not be done due to time constraint. Further, under current dispensations while most of the data are being collected and prepared at tehsil level, the developmental schemes are being implemented at block level whose geographical area seldom coincides with that of tehsil. This mismatch between the administrative boundaries of tehsil and development blocks led to some problems in generating estimates for the whole block.

Note

1. Hulme, David (2000). Impact Assessment Methodologies for Micro Finance, Theory, Experience and Better Practice. World Development, 28 (1): 79-98.

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Chapter II

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT

2.1 Background and History

The Mandi state, like most of the other hill states, takes its name from its capital, which is situated on the left bank of the Beas river. Mandi is a Hindi word meaning “market” and it may possibly be connected with the Sanskrit word “mandapika,” meaning “an open hall or shed” and may also be derived from the Sanskrit word mand, meaning “to adorn or distribute.” If a conjecture as to the origin of the name may be offered, it probably took its rise from the fact that, in ancient times, as at the present day, the place was a centre of trade on the main route from Yarkand and Ladakh to Hoshiarpur and the plains. The earliest mention of the town is on the inscription at the Trilok Nath temple in Old Mandi, which dates back to the year 2264 of the Kaliyuga era, and the Saka year 1442, corresponding to A.D. 1520. Mandi district was formed with the merger of two princely states viz; Mandi and Suket, on 15 April 1948, which coincided with the formation of the state of Himachal Pradesh and it was named after the name of MANDAVYA RISHI (earlier known as mandavya nagar).

2.1.1 Location

Mandi, one of the twelve districts of Himachal Pradesh, is situated in Western Himalayas between 31o-13� -20�� to 32o-04�-30�� North latitude and 76o-37�-20�� to 77o-23�-15�� East longitude. There is also a town called Mandi, which has a distinguished history and interesting architecture look. It has a rich culture and history represented by its temples which are a major attraction for the tourists. Mandi is an important trading centre being situated on the two state highways viz.Pathankot-Kullu and Kullu –Shimla and one national highway of Delhi -Chandigarh- Kiratpur-Bilaspur-Manali. The town is headquarter of the district and also the gateway to Himachal's most famous valleys - Kullu, Manali, Lahaul and Spiti. The entire town has a huge sprinkling of temples. Mandi’s raw silk has acquired wide fame, besides the salt mines at Drang and Guma that are the special features of the economy. The town has remains of old palaces and notable examples of 'colonial' architecture.

2.1.2 Boundaries

It is bounded by six districts and is almost in the center of the state. In North-west side Kangra and in the west Hamirpur and Bilaspur districts are located. Solan and Shimla districts are on the Southern and Kullu district on the Eastern side. Administratively, the district is divided into six sub-divisions viz. Sunder Nagar, Mandi, Chachiot, Karsog, Joginder Nagar and Sarkaghat, nine tehsils viz. Sunder Nagar, Mandi, Chachiot, Karsog, Joginder Nagar and Sarkaghat, Padhar, Thunag, Lad-Bharol and seven sub-tehsils, namely, Baldwara, Balichowki, Dharmapur, Sandhol, Kotli, Aut and Nihri. From development point of view, the district is divided into ten blocks viz.

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Sadar, Sunder Nagar, Karsog, Seraj, Gohar, Drang, Chauntra, Gopalpur, Dharmapur and Balh. The district has areas ranging from the low lying sub-tropical to higher mountains making it possible to grow a variety of field crops and fruit and undertake livestock enterprises.

2.2 Physiographic Features 2.2.1 Area

The district has a total geographical area of 3,950 square kilometers and constitutes around 7 per cent of the total geographical area of the state. Topographically, the district can be divided into two main categories, a) Shivalik (Outer Himalaya) region; the Balh valley, Baldwara and Joginder nagar area of Mandi district ranging from 651 to 1,500m amsl fall in this region. Deep to shallow stone embedded with loam to clay soils are found in this zone. The paddy, maize, ginger, wheat, potato and citrus fruit are cultivated in this area. b) Mid mountain (Inner Himalaya) region: Areas of Chachiot, Karsog, and Seraj and part of Drang blocks (1,500-4,500m amsl) fall in this region. The series of parallel ranges are divided by longitudinal valleys. There is continuous increase in the height from valley to hills. There are many hill ranges in the district occupying distinctive place in the geographical features of Mandi. The main hill ranges in this district are as under:

I.Dahaula Dhar: This high elevation range covers considerable part of the Suket area. It runs with eastern boundary of the district from north to south. In this range ‘Nagru’ is the highest peak, with an elevation of 4, 4 00 meters above mean sea level. The range joins the Kullu district in the north-east.

II. Ghogar Dhar: Ghogar dhar has the rock salt mines of Gumma and Drang and is fully covered with forests. It enters the district at Harabagh in Drang block.

III.Sikandra Dhar: This range runs from north-west boundary of Suket and Bilaspur and has been divided into sub-ranges i.e. Kamlah and Lindi dhar.

IV Dhar Bairkot: This range starts from Rewalsar and extends towards Suket. Some of its branches join Kangra with Sikandra dhar. Other hill ranges in the district are Shikari, Kamrunag, Parashar, Bundli, etc.

2.2.2 Seasons and Climate

Mandi falls in the mid-hills-sub-humid zone and high hills temperate wet agro- climatic zone of Himachal Pradesh. The district is entirely hilly, except Balh area in Sundernagar/Sadar blocks and Chauntra area in Chauntra block which are fertile valleys. In general, there is increase in elevation from south to north. Agro-climatically, the district has been delineated into five agro ecological situations (Tables 2.1& 2.2).

9

Tab

le 2

.1 A

ES-

wis

e C

ulti

vate

d A

rea

and

Blo

cks

S. No.

Nam

e of

AE

S %

of c

ulti

vate

d ar

ea o

f di

stri

ctN

umbe

r of

blo

cks

cove

red

1 A

ES-

I V

alle

y ar

ea

25

10

2 A

ES-

II M

oder

ate

rain

fall

mid

-hill

are

as

39

10

3 A

ES-

III

Hig

h ra

infa

ll –m

id h

ill a

reas

12

7

4 A

ES-

IV M

id h

ill –

sub-

tem

pera

te a

reas

15

7

5 A

ES-

V H

igh

hill

tem

pera

te w

et a

reas

9

6 So

urce

: Str

ateg

ic R

esea

rch

and

Ext

ensi

on P

lan

of D

istr

ict M

and,

i Him

acha

l Pra

desh

, AT

MA

, 200

5.

Tab

le 2

.2 S

prea

d of

AE

S in

the

Dis

tric

t

Nam

e of

A

CZ

N

ame

of A

ES

Are

a(h

a)

% o

f ge

ogr.

ar

ea o

f di

stt.

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

A

%

A%

A

%

A%

A

%

A

%

A

%

A

%

A

%

A

%

Low

hill

su

b m

onta

ne

subt

ropi

cal z

one

I 98

6.90

25

10

60

40

10

15

55

10

5

30

5

Mid

hill

su

b hu

mid

zo

ne

II

1,53

9.5

39

50

40

30

45

35

45

90

25

20

15

III

473.

71

12

20

-

15

5

5

-

-

25

40

10

Hig

h hi

ll w

et

tem

pera

te

zone

IV

592.

14

15

15

-

10

25

25

-

-

30

10

35

V

355.

28

9

5

-

5

15

10

-

-

15

-

35

Tot

al

3,

947.

6 10

0

Sour

ce: S

trat

egic

Res

earc

h an

d E

xten

sion

Pla

n of

Dis

tric

t Man

d,i H

imac

hal P

rade

sh, A

TM

A,2

005.

10

2.2.3 Rainfall and Snowfall

The district receives the highest rainfall in the state with an average annual precipitation of 1,568.5 mm. Maximum rainfall occurs in the month of June to September followed by January to March whereas least rainfall occurs in the month of November followed by December, October and April. About 63 per cent rainfall occurs in monsoon season i.e. from June to September and rest of the precipitation occurs due to western disturbances. Further Fig. 2.1 indicates wide fluctuations in the average rainfall. For example, during the monsoon period, the amount of rainfall varied from as high as 1,752.5 millimeters in 1999-2000 to as low as 816.2 millimeters in 1991-92. More or less, similar pattern was discernible in the amount of rainfall in other seasons. Taking the total amount of rainfall in all the four seasons, it varied from as low as 1,118.9 millimeters in 2002-03 to as high as 2,243.3 millimeters in 1996-97 (Tables 2.3 & 2.4).

Table 2.3 Rainfall Pattern in Various Agro Ecological Situations of Mandi District

S. No. AES Altitude (m) Rainfall (mm) 1 Valley areas 651-1,300 1,000 2 Moderate rainfall mid-hill areas 651-1,300 1,540 3 High rainfall –mid hill areas 1,100-1,800 2,376 4 Mid hill –sub-temperate areas 1,300-1,800 1,080, light snowfall

5 High hill temperate wet areas >1,800 1,000

Moderate to high snowfall Source: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mand,i Himachal Pradesh, ATMA, 2005.

Table 2.4 Trend in Average Rainfall; 1990-91 to 2003-04 (millimeters)

Year Monsoon Winter Post - monsoon Pre-monsoon Total 1990-91 1,561.4 92.1 182.4 332.7 2,168.6 1991-92 816.2 129.4 6.5 183.2 1,135.3 1992-93 1,554.8 219.9 74.0 185.5 2,034.2 1993-94 1,223.3 137.2 8.3 152.7 1,521.5 1994-95 1,177.5 137.2 40.6 152.7 1,508.0 1995-96 996.3 158.8 38.1 93.3 1,286.5 1996-97 1,692.5 157.6 344.0 30.2 2,243.3 1997-98 1,372.4 170.3 294.7 284.9 2,122.1 1998-99 1,297.5 80.3 132.7 113.8 1,624.3 1999-2000 1,752.5 89.8 11.7 118.8 1,972.8 2000-01 1,131.1 23.8 4.6 232.6 1,392.3 2001-02 1,085.0 125.3 34.7 146.4 1,391.0 2002-03 867.9 113.6 23.4 114.0 1,118.9

Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Various Issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

Lower areas of the district experience hot summer (up to 40o C temp.) and cold winter with frost and fog. Hilly areas experience mild summer and cold winter with low to high snowfall and mist in rainy season. The high altitude areas like Badar, Gohar, Seraj and Sonar usually have sufficient snowfall every year from January to March. The mean monthly average, maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at Sunder Nagar varies from 15.3 to 32.6 and 0.5 to 20.5 °C, respectively.

11

Trend in Average Rainfall

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1990

-91

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-2000

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

Year

Rai

nfal

l (m

m

Monsoon Winter Post - monsoon Pre-monsoon Total

Fig. 2.1 Trend in Average Rainfall in Mandi District Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Various Issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

Table 2.5 is self explanatory as it clearly speaks about the occurrence of droughts in various blocks of Mandi district and affecting severity at various degrees.

Table 2.5 Information on Occurrence of Drought in Different Blocks of Mandi District

Sr. No. Block Year in which effected (last 10 years)

Severity M/S/VS % Cropped area affected

1. Sadar 2002, 2004 &

2005

SSM

60 55 35

2. Balh 2002, 2004 &

2005

SSM

55 65 30

3. Sundernagar 2002, 2004 &

2005

SS

MS

62 65 34

4. Gohar 2002, 2004 &

2005

MM

MS

23 25 32

5. Seraj 2002, 2004 &

2005

SS

MS

63 62 36

6. Karsog 2002, 2004 &

2005

SSS

67 63 61

7. Gopalpur 2002, 2004 &

2005

SS

MS

65 60 33

8. Dharmapur 2002, 2004 &

2005

SSS

70 62 60

9. Chauntra 2002, 2004 &

2005

MMM

25 20 22

10. Drang 2002, 2004 &

2005

MMM

22 20 18

Note: M=Moderate, S=Severe, SV= Very SevereSource: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, ATMA,2005.

12

2.2.4 Soils

Broadly, the soil in the district can be classified into brown hill and sub – mountain soil. The brown hill soil occurs in Chauntra, Drang, Mandi, Sadar, Rewalsar, Dharmapur, Gopalpur, Chachiot and Sundarnagar, whereas sub-mountain soil predominantly occurs in Seraj and Karsog blocks. The soil texture in Mandi district varies from medium to fine having sandy loam to clay loam soils. The PH of soil is slightly acidic in nature in some parts of the district. The details on soil types in different agro ecological situations and blocks in Mandi District are presented in Tables 2.6 & 2.7.

Table 2.6 Information on Soils for Mandi District

Sr.No AES Soil Topography %

area Important crops

1 Valleyareas Entisol & Inseptisol More or less

leveled 25 Wheat, paddy, maize, onion, garlic, vegetables, plum, mango, litchi

2

Moderate rainfall mid-hill areas

Entisol Inseptisol & Mollisol

Hilly terrain, soils shallow to deep, frost prone particularly on northern aspects

39 Wheat, maize, paddy, ginger, onion, garlic tomato, plum, Mango

3

High rainfall –mid hill areas

Alfisol, Inseptisol & Mollisol

Hilly to moderate slope 12

Wheat, Maize, paddy, pea potato, sarson, linseed, vegetables

4

Mid hill –sub-temperate areas

Alfisol & Inseptisol

Hilly terrain, slop moderate to steep, during winter northern aspects have frost for longer period

15

Potato, wheat, maize, paddy, off-season vegetables (pea, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, capsicum), apple, pear, plum

5High hill temperate wet areas

Shallow in depth, Acidic in reaction, silt loam to loam

Hilly terrain 9

Wheat, barley, maize, buckwheat, potato, pea, apple, nuts, off-season vegetables

Source: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, ATMA, 2005.

13

Table 2.7 Block - wise Information on Soils for Mandi District (Area in ha)

Sr.No.

Block Black soil

Red soil Sandy soil Sandy loams

Others (clay soil)

Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % 1. Sadar - - - - 857 5 11,146 65 5,144 30 2. Balh - - - - 1,231 8 6,156 40 8,003 52 3. Sundernagar - - - - 322 2 9,989 62 5,800 36 4. Gohar - - - - 122 1 8,286 68 3,778 31 5. Seraj - - - - 60 0.5 9,550 79.0 2,403 20 6. Karsog - - - - 376 3 7,517 60 4,636 37 7. Gopalpur - - - - 186 2 5,123 55 4,005 43 8. Dharmpur - - - - 572 7 5,308 65 2,287 28 9. Chauntra - - - - 403 3 4,702 35 8,330 62 10. Drang - - - - 203 2 7,297 72 2,635 26


The soils of district Mandi are medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus and low to medium in available potassium. The soils have low to high organic carbon status. In some pockets of the district, where farmers are growing fruit and vegetable crops, deficiencies of Zn, B and Mo in soils are being observed. Even in lower areas, Zn deficiency in soils is being observed in maize and rice growing areas. Generally, the soils are prone to water erosion particularly in rainy season (Table 2.8).

Table 2.8 Information on Problem Soils in the District

Sr.No.

Problem soil Area (ha) Extent of severity Very severe Severe Mild

1. Soil erosion 350 155 60 135 2. Micro-nutrient

deficiency 20,000 - - 20,000

Source: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mandi Himachal Pradesh, ATMA, 2005.

2.2.5 Forests

Forests play an important role in the economy of the district. Forests provide valuable timber for export as well as for construction purposes, fuel wood, grazing land and grass for the animals. Forests are scattered throughout the district on the higher slopes. The important forests are those lying in the Sutlej valley. Deodar forests are generally found at an altitude varying from about 1,650 meters to 3,000 meters from the mean sea level. The species are of their best in the Dhamoon forests at an altitude of about 2,350 meters. The chill forests are generally found at an elevation varying between 950 meters to 1,650 meters, while oak forests are found at all aspects at an altitude varying between 950 to 2,750 meters. In the lower areas, bamboo and other bush type of forests are found in the entire district. The per cent of forest cover in the district is around

14

42 as compared to 26 in the state (Table 2.9 & 2.10). Interestingly, the area under forest cover has shown increasing trends over the years (1991-92 to 2002-03) whereas the reverse was found true for the state. The principal marketable forest products are timber, bamboo, resin and katha in the lower areas of the district.

Table 2.9 Forest Cover in Mandi District (area in km2)

Particular Mandi Himachal Pradesh Geographical area 3,950 55,673 Legally classified forest area 1,860 37,016 Dense forest 1,007 8,976 Open forest 664 5,377 Total forest area 1,671 14,353 % area under forest of total geographical area

42.30 25.78

Source: Forest Survey of India -2005.

Table 2.10 Changing Forest Covers (Per Cent)

Particular Year Forest land

Mandi

1990-91 42.44 1995-96 43.65 2000-01 43.84 2002-03 44.08

H.P.

1990-91 30.85 1995-96 31.10 2000-01 24.05 2004-05 24.22

Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Various Issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

2.2.6 Flora and Fauna

Flora

The more prominent trees of this district are Simbal (Bombar malabarium), the mango (Mangifera indica), the tun (Cedrela toana), several species of acacia and albizzia, the Salambra (Odina wodier) and two species of terminalic and jaman (Engenia jambolana). The bamboo is indigenous in this region. The waste land is covered with thorny shrubs. The other flora found in the district are deodar (Cedrus deodars), blue pine (Pinus excelsa), Spruce (Picas morinela), Silver fir (Abies pindrow), white oak (Querecus incana), Moura or hilly oak (Querecus dilatala), green oak (Querecus glauxa). Above 2,350 meters, the flora is almost entirely temperate in character. The walnut, horse –chestnut, maple holly and popular, are often accompanied with a dense mass of undergrowth of hill bamboo, ferns and shade loving herbaceous plants. The most

15

common shrubs of the higher elevations are the berberis, indigofera and desmodium. The common fruit trees are banana, ber, jaman, mango, pears and shahtoot.

Fauna

The district is well stocked in game animals. Black bears are common in the higher valleys while leopards are found throughout the district. Barking deer and gural are frequently found at medium elevation. The mask deer and serao are found in certain localities of the district. The other animals inhabiting the district are hill fox, jackal, porcupine, pini marten, langur and monkeys.

Black and grey partridges are commonly found throughout the district. The peacock and common jungle fowl are found even at higher altitude. During winter, large flocks of blue rock pigeon can be seen in Balh and Sandhol, while Himalayan wood pigeon can be seen in Kali forests. Among birds of prey, the lammergeyer and golden eagle are found only at higher altitude. Of all the smaller birds, fly –catchers, shrikes, cuckoos, wagtail bulbuls, warblers, pipits, duck and gees are common in the district.

2.2.7 Fishery

The district abounds in the natural water resources in the form of rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. Mandi district is one of the most advanced districts in sphere of fishery management. A small hatchery unit for Trout Culture was also maintained at Barot which caters to the needs of Anglers in the Uhl and Lambadag rivers which were once famous for quality trout. The farm has a capacity of 2, 00, 000 fingerlings and attracts 300-400 anglers in a year.

Riverine Fisheries

Mandi district with its network of rivers and streams has vast potentiality for the development of inland fisheries. River Sutlej makes a good landing ground for Mahseer fishing. The river Beas is also rich in fisheries resources. Barbus (Mahseer), Labeo diplostomous (Gid), Labeo dyochelous (Kuni) and Oreigus sinuatus (Himalayan Barbel) are the main food fishery and are found in rivers Sultej and Beas and their tributaries. Trout (Salmo fario), an exotic species of game fish, was first introduced in this district from Kullu probably in thirties. Trout is available in Uhl, Lambadag and Thirthan perennial tributories, Mandi, Kun-ka-Tar, Sandhol, Dehar, Barot, Puin Bridge, Kamand, Bhali Chowki and Mangalore. The total fish production in the district during the year 2006-07 was 736 tonnes which was 10.69 per cent of the state fish production.

2.2.8 Sanctuaries

In order to protect and ensure the survival of various species of indigenous fauna, the following three sanctuaries have been established in the district:

16

i. Bandli Wild Life Sanctuary

It was established in 1962 at a distance of about 10 kms from Sundernagar. Goral, black bear, red jungle fowl and cheer pheasants are found in this sanctuary and it covers an area of 498 hectares.

ii. Nargu Winch Camp Wild Life Sanctuary

It covers an area of 13, 543 hectares. Musk deer, cheer, pheasants, serao, goral, tragopan and chakor are found.

iii. Shikari Devi Wild Life Sanctuary

Its area is 21, 387 hectares. The musk deer, monal, koklash, red jungle fowls, partridges and kali pheasants are found in the sanctuary.

2.3 Demographic Features

2.3.1 Distribution of Population

The district is next to Kangra with regards to population. In terms of area, it ranks seventh in the state. Mandi has 14.83 per cent of state population and 7.10 per cent of the total geographical area of the state. Table 2.11 shows the decadal variation of population since 1981 to 2001. The population of the Mandi district increased from 6, 44, 827 in 1981 to 7, 68, 446 in 1991 recording a growth rate of 20.40 per cent. The population of the district further increased to 9, 01,344 in 2001 with a growth rate of 16.05 per cent.

Table 2.11 Demographic Features, 2001

Particular Population (No.) Year Person % to state Dec. growth Density/

sq km

Mandi 1981 6,44,827 15.06 24.46 163 1991 7,68,446 14.86 20.40 195 2001 9,01,344 14.83 16.05 228

H. P. 1981 42,80,818 100.00 23.71 93 1991 51,70,877 100.00 20.79 93 2001 60,77,248 100.00 17.39 109

Source: Census of HP, 1991 & 2001

17

Table 2.12 Tehsil - wise Rural and Urban Population of District Mandi, 2001

Tehsil Total Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Padhar 44,144 22,025 22,119 44,144 22,025 22,119 0 0 0 Jogindarnagar 75,675 36,555 39,120 70,627 33,892 36,735 5,048 2,663 2,385 Lad Bharal 25,404 11,452 13,952 25,404 11,452 13,952 0 0 0 Sandhol 18,443 8,579 9,864 18,443 8,579 9,864 0 0 0 Dharmpur 30,898 14,723 16,175 30,898 14,723 16,175 0 0 0 Kotli 23,941 11,667 12,274 23,941 11,667 12,274 0 Sarkaghat 78,469 37,440 41,029 74,763 35,570 39,193 3,706 1,870 1,836 Baldwara 40,330 19,447 20,883 40,330 19,447 20,883 0 0 0 Sundernagar 1,01,437 51,976 49,461 77,451 39,291 38,160 23,986 12,685 1,1301 Mandi 1,92,370 97,616 94,754 1,64,128 82,638 81,490 28,242 14,978 1,3264 Aut 26,873 13,799 13,074 26,873 13,799 13,074 0 0 0 Bali Chowk 33,663 17,141 16,522 33,663 17,141 16,522 0 0 0 Thung 44,106 22,287 21,819 44,106 22,287 21,819 0 0 0 Chachyot 50,435 25,247 25,188 50,435 25,247 25,188 0 0 0 Nihri 31,777 16,122 15,655 31,777 16,122 15,655 0 0 0 Karsog 83,379 41,796 41,583 83,379 41,796 41,583 0 0 0 Total 9,01,344 4,47,872 4,53,472 8,40,362 4,15,676 4,24,686 60,982 32,196 28,786

Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

Table 2.13 Tehsil - wise Proportion of Rural and Urban Population of District Mandi, 2001 (Per Cent)

Tehsil Rural Urban Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Padhar 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Jogindarnagar 93.33 92.72 93.90 6.67 7.28 6.10 Lad Bharal 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sandhol 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dharmpur 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kotil 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sarkaghat 95.28 95.01 95.53 4.72 4.99 4.47 Baldwara 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sundernagar 76.35 75.59 77.15 23.65 24.41 22.85 Mandi 85.32 84.66 86.00 14.68 15.34 14.00 Aut 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bali Chowk 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Thung 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Chachyot 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nihri 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Karsog 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 93.23 92.81 93.65 6.77 7.19 6.35

Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

18

In terms of population, Mandi tehsil with 1,92,370 persons is the biggest tehsil of the district, followed by Sarkaghat tehsil (second biggest) and Sundernagar tehsil (third biggest). Tehsil wise rural and urban population is presented in Tables 2.12 and 2.13. As may be seen from the table, a preponderant majority of rural population lives in rural areas; among different tehsils, the proportion of rural population varies from 76.35 per cent to 100 per cent. The per cent of rural population was highest in Sundernagar (23.65 per cent) followed by Mandi (14.68 per cent) and Jogindarnagar (6.67 per cent). It was, however, interesting to observe that majority of females represent the rural population of the district.

2.3.2 Sex Ratio

Table 2.14 Tehsil - wise Demographic Features of District Mandi, 2001 (No.)

Tehsil Persons Male Female Sex ratio (F/1000M)

Padhar 44,144 (100.00)

22,025 (49.89)

22,119 (50.11) 1,004

Jogindarnagar 75,675 (100.00)

36,555 (48.31)

39,120 (51.69) 1,070

Lad Bharol 25,404 (100.00)

11,452 (45.08)

13,952 (54.92) 1,218

Sandhol 18,443 (100.00)

8,579 (46.52)

9,864 (53.48) 1,150

Dharmpur 30,898 (100.00)

14,723 (47.65)

16,175 (52.35) 1,099

Kotli 23,941 (100.00)

11,667 (48.73)

12,274 (51.27) 1,052

Sarkaghat 78,469 (100.00)

37,440 (47.71)

41,029 (52.29) 1,096

Baldwara 40,330 (100.00)

19,447 (48.22)

20,883 (51.78) 1,074

Sundernagar 1,01,437 (100.00)

51,976 (51.24)

49,461 (48.76) 952

Mandi 1,92,370 (100.00)

97,616 (50.74)

94,754 (49.26) 971

Aut 26,873 (100.00)

13,799 (51.35)

13,074 (48.65) 947

Bali Chowk 33,663 (100.00)

17,141 (50.92)

16,522 (49.08) 964

Thung 44,106 (100.00)

22,287 (50.53)

21,819 (49.47) 979

Chachyot 50,435 (100.00)

25,247 (50.06)

25,188 (49.94) 998

Nihri 31,777 (100.00)

16,122 (50.73)

15,655 (49.27) 971

Karsog 83,379 (100.00)

41,796 (50.13)

41,583 (49.87) 995

Total 9,01,344 (100)

447,872 (49.69)

453,472 (50.31) 1,013

Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh Shimla

19

Tehsil -wise Sex Ratio

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Tehsil

Sex Ratio

Fig. 2.2 Tehsil - wise Sex Ratio Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

The sex wise distribution of population at the tehsil level has been brought out in Table 2.14 and Fig.2.2. Further, table shows that among different tehsils, female population accounted for more than 50 per cent in Padhar, Jogindernagar, Lad Bharol, Sandhol, Dharmpur, Kotli, Sarkaghat, and Baldwara while in the remaining tehsils their proportion was less than fifty per cent. The similar trend can also be observed at the district level. It is worthwhile to note that sex ratio is comparatively higher in Lad Bharol as compared to other tehsils while it is lowest in Aut.

Table 2.15 Block - wise Sex Ratio

Sr.No.

Block Population (No.) Male (No.) Female (No.)

Sex ratio (F/1000M)

1. Sadar 1,14,791 57,861 56,930 9842. Balh 1,00,151 50,243 49,908 9933. Sundernagar 92,930 47,101 45,829 9734. Gohar 60,750 30,457 30,292 9955. Seraj 73,987 37,556 36,431 9706. Karsog 93,144 46,770 46,374 9927. Gopalpur 85,243 40,915 44,328 1,0838. Dharmpur 79,191 37,404 41,787 1,1179. Chauntra 66,592 31,028 35,564 1,14610 Drang 73,583 36,341 37,242 1,025 District 8,40,362 4,15,676 4,24,685 1,022


20

Out of 10 blocks in the district, the sex ratio was found low in favour of females in the blocks of Sadar, Balh, Sundernagar, Gohar, Seraj and Karsog (Table 2.15). As per table 2.16, the sex ratio has increased at the district level on the whole while there is a declining trend in the state, (decreasing from 988 in 1981 to 970 in 2001).

Table 2.16 Changes of Sex Ratio Over the Period

Particular Population (No.) Year Person Male Female Sex ratio

Mandi1981 6,44,827 3,22,575 3,22,252 999 1991 7,68,446 3,77,986 3,90,460 1,033 2001 9,01,344 4,47,762 4,53,582 1,013

H. P. 1981 4,280,818 2,153,329 2,127,489 988 1991 5,170,877 2,616,841 2,554,036 976 2001 6,077,248 3,084,897 2,992,351 970


2.3.3 Density of Population

With the rise in population, the density of population in the district has also increased. The density of population increased from 163 persons per square kilometer in 1981 to 228 persons per square kilometer in 2001(Table 2.17)..

Table 2.17 Density of Population (1981-2001)

Particular Year Density/ sq km

Mandi1981 163 1991 195 2001 228

H. P. 1981 93 1991 93 2001 109

2.3.4 Literacy Level

The literacy level of the district has increased from 40.21 per cent in 1981 to 75.86 per cent in 2001. It was, however, interesting to see that average literacy rate in the district was lower than that of state average. Another important point visualized from the data is that average male literacy rate is higher than state average; while female literacy rate is relatively lower (Table 2.18).

21

Table 2.18 Changes in Literacy Levels (1981-2001)

Particular Literacy % Year Male Female Total

Mandi1981 52.96 27.45 40.21 1991 76.65 49.12 62.74 2001 86.67 65.36 75.86

H. P. 1981 53.19 31.46 42.48 1991 75.36 52.13 63.86 2001 86.02 68.08 77.13


With regards to block –wise literacy rate, it ranges between 69 to 80 per cent. The highest literacy rate was recorded in Gopalpur while lowest literacy rate was found in Drang and Seraj blocks (69 per cent).

Table 2.19 Block –wise Literacy Rate

Sr.No.

Block Population (No.)

% of literacy

Male (No.)

Female(No.)

1. Sadar 1,14,791 73 57,861 56,930 2. Balh 1,00,151 78 50,243 49,908 3. Sundernagar 92,930 72 47,101 45,829 4. Gohar 60,750 73 30,457 30,292 5. Seraj 73,987 69 37,556 36,431 6. Karsog 93,144 70 46,770 46,374 7. Gopalpur 85,243 80 40,915 44,328 8. Dharmpur 79,191 78 37,404 41,787 9. Chauntra 66,592 75 31,028 35,564 10 Drang 73,583 69 36,341 37,242 District 8,40,362 73.7 4,15,676 4,24,685


The categorization of population according to different educational levels has been given in Table 2.20. More than half of the population was educated above middle level. It was found that only 1.35 per cent of the population was illiterate.

22

Table 2.20 Educational Level Attained

Educational level Number Percentage Illiterate 7,906 1.35 Below primary 1,19,193 20.28 Primary 1,65,195 28.11 Middle 95,535 16.25 Matric/higher secondary/diploma 1,73,205 29.47 Graduate & above 26,714 4.55 Total 5,87,748 100.00

2.3.5 Occupational Distribution:

Success of any work depends upon the availability, job commitment and job performance of the workers involved in the particular activity. The proportion of agricultural workers and non-agricultural workers has been brought out in Table 2.21. Out of total workers, majority were non-agricultural workers. As may be seen from the table, workers constitute half of the total population in the district out of which nearly three-fifth was main workers. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level also. Further, among male and female, while the proportion of total male workers was 52.64 per cent in case of female it was around 48 per cent. However, it was visualized that proportion of main workers was higher than marginal workers. There was a different pattern in the distribution of male and female workers. For example, the proportion of marginal female workers was twice the male workers. More or less similar pattern in the distribution of total workers (main and marginal workers) was noted for the state as a whole.

Proportion of Main Workers & Marginal Workers

Fig. 2.3 Proportion of Main and Marginal Workers at the District and State LevelSource: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

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Table 2.21 Proportion of Workers to Total Population, 2001 (No.)

Particular Person Male Female Mandi

Population 9,01,344 4,47,872 4,53,472 Total workers 4,54,292

(50.40) 2,35,754 (52.64)

2,18,538 (48.19)

Main workers 2,69,076 (29.85)

1,76,622 (39.44)

92,454 (20.39)

Marginal workers 1,85,216 (20.55)

59,132 (13.20)

1,26,084 (27.80)

Himachal Pradesh Population 60,77,900 30,87,940 29,89,960 Total workers 29,92,461

(49.23) 16,86,658

(54.62) 13,05,803

(43.67) Main workers 19,63,882

(32.31) 13,33,361

(43.17) 6,30,521 (21.09)

Marginal workers 10,28,579 (16.92)

3,53,297 (11.45)

6,75,282 (22.58)

Note: Figures in parentheses are percentages Source: Primary Census Abstract of Himachal Pradesh-Series 3, Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

The distribution of total workers into main and marginal workers in district Mandi and state of Himachal Pradesh has been presented in Table 2.22. As may be seen from the Fig. 2.3 main workers constitute the more than half (59 per cent) of the total workers in the district. Almost similar pattern was discernible at the state level also. Further, among male and female main workers, the proportion of male workers was 74.92 per cent, while in case of female the proportion was around 42 per cent.

Table 2.22 Per Cent of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001

Particular Persons Male Female Mandi

Main workers 59.23 74.92 42.31 Marginal workers 40.77 25.08 57.69 All 100.00 100.00 100.00

Himachal Pradesh Main workers 65.62 79.05 48.29 Marginal workers 34.38 20.95 51.71 All 100.00 100.00 100


24

The distribution of main and marginal workers into different occupational categories has been brought out in Table 2.23 Among main workers, cultivators accounted for three-fifth of the total workers; among male and female workers the cultivators accounted for slightly less than half in case of the former and as high as 84 per cent in case of the latter. The per cent share of workers in two occupational categories viz. agricultural labour and household industry was low (less than one per cent in case of agricultural labour and less than two per cent in case of household industry). It was, however, important to mention that in case of male workers about fifty per cent of them were employed in other occupations. In comparison, the proportion of female workers employed in other occupations was around 14 per cent.

Likewise, the distribution of marginal workers into different occupational categories shows that a preponderant majority of such workers in both the sexes was engaged in cultivation both at the district and state level. Nonetheless, 16 per cent of the male marginal workers in the district were engaged in other occupations which include construction activities, transport and communication, hotel restaurant, and so on. The workers in other occupations accounted for 32 per cent of the total male workers and 7 per cent of total female workers. However, proportion of male marginal workers (4 per cent) at the district level was less than at the state level (34 per cent).

Table 2.23 Occupational Composition of Main and Marginal Workers, 2001

ParticularMandi Himachal Pradesh

Persons Male Female Persons Male Female I Main workers 2,69,076

(100) 1,76,622

(100) 92,454 (100)

19,63,882 (110.00)

13,33,361 (100.00)

6,30,521 (100.00)

i. Cultivators 1,63,760 (60.86)

85,250 (48.27)

78,510 (84.92)

10,89,124 (55.46)

5,78,807 (43.40)

5,10,317 (80.93)

ii. Agricultural labour 1,442 (0.54)

967 (0.55)

475 (0.51)

36,156 (1.84)

26,499 (1.99)

9,657 (1.53)

iii. Household industry 4,366 (1.62)

3,648 (2.07)

718 (0.78)

34,917 (1.74)

27,671 (2.07)

7,246 (1.15)

iv. Others 99,508 (36.98)

86,757 (49.12)

12,751 (13.79)

8,03,685 (40.92)

7,00,384 (52.53)

1,03,301 (16.38)

II Marginal workers 1,85,216 (100)

59,132 (100.00)

1,26,084 (100.00)

10,28,579 (100.00)

3,53,297 (100.00)

6,75,282 (100.00)

i. Cultivators 1,65,712 (89.47)

46,646 (78.88)

1,19,066 (94.43)

8,65,746 (84.16)

2,55,505 (88.19)

6,10,241 (90.36)

ii. Agricultural labour 5,076 (2.74)

2,265 (3.83)

2,811 (2.23)

58,015 (5.64)

29,159 (8.25)

28,856 (4.27)

iii. Household industry 2,381 (1.29)

976 (1.65)

1,405 (1.11)

17,602 (2.03)

6,363 (1.80)

11,239 (1.66)

iv. Others 12,047 (6.50)

9,245 (15.63)

2,802 (2.22)

87,216 (8.48)

62,270 (1.76)

24,946 (3.69)


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2.4. Agricultural Status

Agriculture scenario of Mandi district is very distinctive and diverse in nature as about more than 50% of the total population depends directly or indirectly upon it for their livelihood. Farm enterprises in the district include cereal crops (wheat, paddy and maize), pulses (urd, rajmash, gram, and lentil), oil seed (mustard, toria, linseed and soybean), vegetables (pea, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, capsicum, beans and cucurbits), spices (ginger, garlic, onion and turmeric), horticulture, animal husbandry, sericulture, beekeeping, mushroom, and floriculture. Majority of the families maintain cows, buffaloes, bullocks, sheep and goats. The main sources of income generation are agriculture (vegetable/fruit cultivation and milk production), besides, services in government and private sectors. In the past, majority of the projects for the development of agriculture were initiated with the assistance of Federal Republic of Germany in Mandi district. The improved agricultural development programme was started in Mandi on the 14th November, 1962 in collaboration with the ‘Federal Republic of Germany’. The programme was spread over from 1962-74 with the objectives; 1)to improve the existing agricultural conditions and 2) to change the direction of agricultural production in order to improve the production of cash crops more suited to the area.

The agro-climatic conditions in Mandi district are suitable for cultivation of a variety of fruit, off-season vegetables and mushroom. Livestock is the chief wealth of farmers’ families of the district. During the last two decades, the agriculture scenario has changed in the district. The overall cropping intensity is now more than 200% which itself shows the efforts put in by the farmers and extension back up. The productivity of major food grain crops has registered increase over the years but the acreage under pulses has declined considerably. However, the latest trend is encouraging because the farmers are taking more than two crops in a year in addition to raising high value vegetable crops in the district.

There has been unprecedented growth of population in the district during the last two decades. As a consequent, there is increasing pressure on the demand for food, fuel, fodder and timber etc. The rural youth have less opportunity for generating income other than the agriculture and animal husbandry. Government service avenues have decreased as also there is lack of sufficient industrial capacity to accommodate the youth in employment. Reduction in agricultural land due to construction of residential houses, roads and other rural infrastructure and fragmentation due to division of families have further aggravated the problem. So obviously, there is an undue pressure on land resources beyond their carrying capacity. Increasing agricultural production is imperative to meet the growing demand of the fast increasing population in terms of food, fuel, fodder and industrial raw material. The time has come to produce more and more from limited land and available resources without compromising with the quality.

The package of recommendations advocated by the farm university have been adopted by the farmers up to 50-60% due to the gap in extension and communication and secondly in some

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cases these were for a particular zone and are not as such appropriate for a particular agro- ecological situation. Also, investment in this sector is not benefited up to its desirable level due to failure of crops as a result of natural calamities like drought, frost, floods etc. and as such, some corrective measures along with policy support are the need of these areas.

This district is well known for several fruit like apple, plum, mango, pear, citrus, besides number of medicinal and herb plants. There has been reckless felling of mother lines of rare and valuable germplasm due to lack of rearing and non - availability of maturity avenues, consolidation of land holdings and wild animal menace.

The situation of spread of obnoxious weeds and shrubs is alarming. As a result the economic plant species supporting human and animals’ requirements are getting depleted considerably. For this reason, the farmers are finding it difficult to rear the milch and other animals.

The district offers varied physiography in having highly dissected divided hills. With the removal of vegetative cover, the sloping lands, therefore, result into enormous run-off and soil erosion offering very little time to recharge underneath water table. Consequently, the ground water table has been drastically reduced. In several places, already the land presents a ghastly look having been highly dissected and turned into ravines. With every massive rain, the hills transmit a huge run-off. The nullahs are getting deeper and deeper over the years. At times, these nullahs cause heavy and extensive damage to agricultural land, forests and grass lands. In the name of development, the construction of roads and other infrastructures, mining and removal of sand aggregate from the rivers and local nullahs are also leading to breakdown of the fragile hilly ecosystem. Consequently, the loose material erodes and finds its way ultimately into the streams and nullahs resulting into siltation of hydro electric dams.

Majority of farmers are having marginal and small holdings and they also rear milch animals. Due to lack of scientific land use planning and poor infrastructure provided to graded animals, farmers are not getting desired benefits. Therefore, much is needed for diversification in agriculture and animal husbandry sector in order to increase crop and milk production for improving socio-economic status of the farmers. There is no unified system of extension and all the development agencies are working separately. Hence there is an urgent need to reform the present extension programme by clubbing the various developmental agencies so that the developmental activities for the prosperity of farmers of this district can be taken up on the basis of system – approach in the effective execution of 11th Five Year Plan. At present, the schemes implemented by all the developmental departments are state funded or centrally sponsored and have not yielded the desired results, primarily because they are broad based and are not location specific besides meager funding in many schemes with focus on single enterprise. Moreover, till now the approach was totally top to bottom.

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To promote agriculture and its allied activities like horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery and sericulture in the district, the Agricultural Management Agency (ATMA) was created under the 10th plan Scheme “Support to State Extension Programme for Extension reforms”, aided by the centre and state in the ratio of 90:10 through the autonomous body State Agricultural Management and Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) Mashobra. The Agency proposed to bridge the gaps between research and implementation on field through active participation of the farmers themselves.

Innovation in Technology Dissemination (ITD) has been proved to be one of the most vital components of the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) started in India since 1998 with the financial assistance of the World Bank. The component was primarily aimed at pilot testing of innovative institutional management and execution protocol for rendering extension services from top level to down i.e. district to village level. The concept of this programme was aimed to ensure the involvement of village level beneficiaries/stakeholders at planning and implementation stages so that the need based location specific /niche based research and extension can be effectively carried out. More emphasis was laid to involve the private sector in the transfer of technology programme. Besides, the adoption of improved farming system through group approach extension; extensive use of mass media/information technology in the dissemination of technology and technical skill upgradation of researchers, extension personnel and farmers was stressed in these programmes.

2.4.1 Land Use Pattern

The changes in land utilization pattern have been brought in Table 2.24. The table shows that in the district there was marginal increase in the area under forest (42.44 per cent to 44.08 per cent) while there was considerable increase in the area under barren land, current fallow and other fallow during the year 1990-91 to 2002-03. It should be noted that there was sharp decline in area put to non-agricultural uses. The net sown area, however, remained almost unchanged during the period, except in the nineties when it decreased by nearly 2.5 per cent. The pattern of change in land utilization for the state was, however, different from that of the district. For example, the area under forests, culturable waste and net sown area declined by varying degree especially during 1995-96 and 2000-01. The area put to non-agricultural uses, however, recorded a significant increase particularly between 2000-01 and 2004-05 which might have resulted into continuous decline in the proportion of net sown area at the state level. The land use pattern of different blocks in Mandi district is depicted in the Table 2.25.

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Table 2.24 Changing Land Utilization Pattern (Per Cent)

Particular Year Forest land

Barrenland

Non- agri. uses

Cultureable

waste

Pasture Misc trees/groves

Currentfallow

Other fallow

Net sown area

Mandi

1990-91 42.44 3.01 2.99 1.10 25.74 0.05 0.57 0.06 24.04 1995-96 43.65 2.98 3.04 1.17 24.54 0.02 0.84 0.08 23.68 2000-01 43.84 6.31 0.00 1.11 24.21 0.08 2.70 0.17 21.58 2002-03 44.08 6.29 0.00 1.11 24.23 0.07 2.43 0.08 21.71

H.P.

1990-91 30.85 5.46 5.74 3.72 33.72 1.43 1.33 0.46 17.31 1995-96 31.10 4.07 5.66 3.64 35.44 1.35 1.55 0.76 16.43 2000-01 24.05 17.75 6.90 2.74 33.63 1.25 1.19 0.30 12.20 2004-05 24.22 14.78 10.08 2.80 33.02 1.51 1.32 0.31 11.94

Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Different Issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

Table 2.25 Block -wise Land Use Pattern in Mandi District

Sr.No.

Block Geographical area (sq. k.m.)

Geographicalarea (ha)

Cultivable area (ha)

Cultivated area (ha)

Cultivable waste (ha)

Currentfallow (ha)

1. Sadar 605.07 60,507 17,148 12,062 376 204 2. Balh 224.15 22,415 15,390 10,416 400 107 3. Sundernagar 424.10 42,410 16,112 8,730 589 837 4. Gohar 358.15 35,815 12,186 6,838 140 68 5. Seraj 496.95 49,695 12,013 10,613 150 173 6. Karsog 585.65 58,565 12,529 11,756 857 89 7. Gopalpur 222.60 22,260 9,314 9,043 474 684 8. Dharmpur 267.43 26,743 8,167 7,963 316 166 9 Chauntra 238.47 23,847 13,435 7,018 593 562 10 Drang 528.01 52,801 10,135 7,486 441 564 Total 3,950.58 3,95,058 1,26,429 91,925 4,336 3,454

Table 2.25 Contd…….

Sr.No.

Block Forest Pasture (ha)

Land put to non-agri.

use

Land under misc.

plantation

Barren & unculturable land (waste

land)

Reserved Open

1. Sadar 31,063 - 15,965 1,569 - 2,893 2. Balh 6,157 - 4,079 853 - 403 3. Sundernagar 16,997 - 12,964 1,482 - 811 4. Gohar 19,316 - 8,117 665 4 667 5. Seraj 27,260 - 9,606 1,550 - 343 6. Karsog 25,004 - 16,945 639 2 3,273 7. Gopalpur 2,610 - 6,120 912 - 2,417 8 Dharmpur 4,177 - 12,563 428 95 1,035 9 Chauntra 7,377 - 5,835 1,745 - 717 10 Drang 3,347 - 9,341 1,466 4 29 Total 1,73,431 - 97,910 11,309 105 12,588


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2.4.2 Distribution of Land Holdings

Tables 2.26 and 2.27 bring out the changes in distribution of landholdings in Mandi district. The tables show that consistent with overall pattern captured at the all-India level and other states, the process of marginalization of holdings was also evident both for the district and state since 1980-81. For example, between 1980-81 and 2000-01, the proportion of marginal holdings increased from nearly 53 per cent to more than 66 per cent. The proportion of remaining three categories of holdings i.e. small, medium and large, however, recorded a continuous decline that was mainly due to division of families. In comparison, the proportion of operated area accounted for by these holdings brings out highly un-equal distribution pattern. For example, more than four-fifth of the marginal holdings accounted for around three-fifth of the total operated area whereas large and medium size holdings were around 15 per cent only and accounted for nearly 44 per cent of the total operated area. More or less, similar pattern of landholding distribution was in evidence for different blocks in Mandi (Table 2.28) as well as the state as a whole.

Table 2.26 Changing Patterns of Land Holdings, 1980-81 to 2000-01 (Per Cent)

Particular Census year

Marginal <1 ha

Small 1-2 ha

Medium 2-4 ha

Large >4 ha

Total

No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area (ha)

Mandi

1980-81 53.43 17.59 25.19 27.48 16.37 33.53 5.01 21.41 95,449 1,25,363 1985-86 62.01 24.97 23.64 31.36 11.59 29.40 2.76 14.27 1,15,099 1,23,456 1990-91 65.55 28.25 22.04 31.50 10.27 28.18 2.14 12.07 1,31,796 1,29,701 1995-96 66.54 29.91 22.06 32.65 9.61 26.86 1.80 10.58 1,36,710 1,29,689 2000-01 69.43 33.91 21.04 33.30 8.19 24.56 1.33 8.22 1,46,247 1,28,472

H. P.

1980-81 55.30 14.92 22.03 20.43 15.16 27.08 7.51 37.57 6,37,081 9,80,425 1985-86 61.55 20.46 20.63 22.71 12.24 25.97 5.58 30.86 7,52,882 9,80,240 1990-91 63.82 21.26 19.96 23.29 11.26 25.51 4.96 29.94 8,33,793 10,09,766 1995-96 62.85 23.05 19.61 24.07 10.74 25.54 6.80 27.34 8,84,492 9,99,099 2000-01 67.30 25.70 19.10 25.00 9.80 24.80 3.80 24.50 9,13,914 9,78,756

Source: Directorate of Land Records, (Various Census), H.P.

Table 2.27 Block - wise Operational Land Holdings of Mandi District

Sr.No.

Block Operational holding (number and area) Large Medium Small Marginal Landless

No. of holdings

Area(ha)

No. of holdings

Area(ha)

No. of holdings

Area(ha)

No. of holdings

Area(ha)

No.

1. Sadar 10 270 1,875 5,725.73 3,305 6,501.00 10,226 4,380.77 30 2. Balh 8 216 1,566 4,790.11 3,179 5,447.02 11,296 4,820.39 40 3. Sundernagar 11 297 1,873 5,727.63 3,204 4,149.07 10,475 4,468.17 13 4. Gohar 7 189 1,277 3,905.06 2,910 4,120.02 7,510 3,202.07 15 5 Seraj 5 135 1,066 3,259.82 2,501 3,540.10 7,250 3,091.78 17 6. Karsog 15 405 1,805 5,551.67 2,998 3,640.02 9,190 3,942.24 24 7. Gopalpur 10 270 1,598 4,866.77 2,813 3,980.01 9,908 4,238.61 31 8. Dharmpur 4 108 1,605 4,908.90 2,700 3,878.03 9,500 4,040.11 16 9. Chauntra 8 216 1,440 4,403.52 2,575 3,575.00 8,089 3,445.03 25 10. Drang 6 162 1,430 4,372.94 2,567 3,509.30 7,411 3,160.11 10 Total 84 2,268 15,535 47,512.2 28,752 42,339.6 90,855 38,789.3 221


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While the proportion of marginal holdings increased from around 53 per cent in 1980-81 to two-thirds of the total holdings that of small holdings decreased by a small proportion from 25.19 per cent to around 22.06 per cent. However, the large and medium holdings also recorded a larger proportion of decrease over the period. Insofar as distribution of operated area was concerned, the category of medium and large holdings each accounted for around one-fourth of the total operated area. The proliferation of holdings due to sub-division coupled with lack of alternative employment opportunities in non-farm sector has resulted in the continuous decrease in the average size of holdings of all the four categories both at the district and the state level. As far as changes in average size of the holdings are concerned, the table 2.28 shows that average size of the holdings remained almost same over the period both at the district level as well as at the State level.

Table 2.28 Changes in Average Size of Holdings, 1980-81 to 1995-96

Particular Year Marginal (<1 ha)

Small (1-2 ha )

Medium (2-4 ha)

Large (> 4 ha)

Overall (ha)

Mandi

1980-81 0.43 1.43 2.69 5.61 1.31 1985-86 0.43 1.42 2.72 5.54 1.07 1990-91 0.42 1.41 2.70 5.56 0.98 1995-96 0.43 1.40 2.65 5.59 0.95 2000-01 - - - - -

H. P.

1980-81 0.42 1.43 2.75 7.70 1.54 1985-86 0.43 1.43 2.76 7.20 1.30 1990-91 0.40 1.41 2.74 7.31 1.21 1995-96 0.41 1.39 2.69 7.03 1.13 2000-01 0.41 1.40 2.71 6.85 1.07

Note: Medium includes semi-medium holdings also Source: Directorate of Land Records, (Various Census), H.P.

2.4.3 Cropping Pattern

The changes in the cropping pattern, brought out in Tables 2.29 and 2.30 show that among different foodgrain crops in the district, area under rice, barley and pulses recorded a continuous decline over the period, the area under maize and wheat slightly increased at varying degree from 1990-91 to 2000-01. However, the area under all foodgrain crops decreased from around 92 per cent to around 90 per cent. In comparison, at the state level, the area under foodgrain crops also decreased from around 89 per cent in 1990-91 to 84 per cent in 2000-01. In respect of important crops like maize, rice and wheat, the per cent of area under these crops witnessed decrease of varying degrees.

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Table 2.29 Changes in Cropping Pattern (Per Cent)

Particulars Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrains Cropped area (000 ha)

Mandi 1990-91 30.04 13.66 40.61 2.83 2.84 92.15 163.30 1995-96 29.47 13.35 41.41 2.76 2.76 91.17 161.64 2000-01 30.74 12.73 41.30 2.51 2.02 90.57 157.73

H.P. 1990-91 32.44 8.63 38.26 2.98 3.69 88.59 983.60 1995-96 32.58 8.74 38.04 2.84 3.80 87.43 949.89 2000-01 31.46 8.65 38.27 2.71 3.28 85.98 947.54

Note: Percentages have been worked out on the basis of total cropped area in each district. Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Various Issues, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

Table 2.30 Block - wise Crops and Cropping Systems of District Mandi (ha)

Sr.No.

Block Major crops Cropping system Name Area Name Area Name Area Name Area

1. Sadar Maize 8,602 Paddy 1368 Wheat 9228 Vegetable & peas

148 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

2. Balh Maize 5,059 Paddy 3,012 Wheat 8,107 Vegetables

peas 181 -do-

3. Sundernagar Maize 6,184 Paddy 1,759 Wheat 6,907 Mash 165 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

4. Gohar Maize 3,529 Paddy 563 Wheat 3,812 Vegetables peas

803 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

5. Seraj Maize 2,991 Wheat 3,240 Barley 1,331 Potato 771 Maize-Peas Paddy 69 Vegetables

peas 129 Peas-Wheat

6. Karsog Maize 6,389 Paddy 1,551 Wheat 8,684 Mash 993 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

7. Gopalpur Maize 7,390 Paddy 5,274 Wheat 11,430 Barley 103 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

8. Dharmpur Maize 2,361 Paddy 2,320 Wheat 4,701 Barley 123 Maize-Wheat Paddy-Wheat

9. Chauntra Maize 3,159 Paddy 4,103 Wheat 6,203 Barley 465 Paddy-Wheat 10. Drang Maize 3,701 Paddy 1,326 Wheat 5,514 Potato 676 Maize-Wheat

Paddy-Wheat Potato- Fallow


2.4.4 Crop Yields

The changes in the production of different crops including total foodgrains have been given in Table 2.31. The table indicates that the production of foodgrains in the district recorded a huge peak in production from 219.96 thousand tonnes in 1990-91 to 270.22 thousand tonnes in 2000-01 mainly due to increase in cultivated area. Among different foodgrain crops, leaving the year 2000-01 which was a drought year, the maximum decline was noted in case of wheat production which depends upon winter rainfall. Similar pattern was discernible at the state level as well. For example, the production of foodgrains decreased from 1368.66 thousand tonnes in 1990-91 to

32

1108.41 thousand tonnes in 2000-01. Likewise, among different crops, the production of wheat decreased from 543.69 thousand tonnes in 1990-91 to 251.32 thousand tonnes in 2000-01. However, there was a continuous decline in production of pulses both at the district level and at the state level.

Table 2.31 Changes in Production of Major Crops and Total Foodgrains Production, 1990-91 to 2002-03 (000 tonnes)

Particular Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrains

Mandi 1990-91 103.12 19.12 88.59 6.62 2.52 219.96 1995-96 127.33 26.66 107.99 6.71 2.02 270.72 2000-01 135.12 31.47 44.10 5.57 1.10 217.37

H.P.

1990-91 669.20 945.32 543.69 37.1 10.87 1,368.66 1995-96 663.44 111.76 502.01 34.2 18.61 1,336.29 2000-01 683.64 124.98 251.32 21.41 20.46 1,108.41 2005-06 543.06 112.14 365.89 29.36 19.63 1,079.15

Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh

The yield levels of main crops including foodgrains have been shown in Table 2.33. As may be seen from the table, the yield levels of maize and rice have recorded increase of varying degree between 1990-91 and 2000-01 both at the district and state level. However, the yield levels of wheat, Barley, and pulses declined in varying degree over the period. A similar pattern can be seen at the state level as well.

Table 2.32 Changes in Yields of Major Foodgrain Crops, 1990-91 to 2002-03(q/ha)

Particular Year Maize Rice Wheat Barley Pulses Foodgrains

Mandi

1990-91 21.02 8.57 13.36 14.31 5.43 12.54 1995-96 26.73 12.36 16.13 15.05 4.54 14.96 2000-01 27.87 15.67 6.77 9.54 3.45 12.66 2005-06 - - - - - -

H.P.

1990-91 18.76 9.87 15.99 14.70 2.31 16.54 1995-96 19.90 13.46 13.89 12.69 5.16 16.09 2000-01 22.94 15.24 7.21 8.33 6.58 14.59 2005-06 18.39 14.13 10.21 11.64 7.14 13.52


2.4.5 Vegetable Production

The data on area and production of different vegetable crops both in the district and state during the year 2005-06 have been presented in Tables 2.33 and 2.34. It may be seen from the tables that in the district tomato, peas, cabbage cauliflower, cucurbits, onion and garlic were important vegetable crops both in terms of area and production. The group of other vegetable crops also covered 540 hectares of land and contributed 9,630 tonnes of vegetable production.

33

Table 2.33 Areas, Production and Yield of Different Vegetables, 2005-06

Crop Mandi H.P.

Area(ha)

Production (t)

Yield(q/ha)

Area(ha)

Production (t)

Yield(q/ha)

Peas (green) 1,720 20,541 119.4 16,348 1,77,036 115.35 Tomato 1,058 31,090 293.9 9,211 3,01,249 327.05 Beans 288 2,240 77.8 2,674 27,973 104.61 Onion & garlic 482 4,512 93.6 3,735 49,622 132.86 Cabbage 370 10,778 291.3 3,677 1,15,920 315.26 Cauliflower 310 9,920 320.0 2,263 53,103 234.66 Radish, turnip & carrot 240 4,320 180.0 1,571 32,675 207.99 Okra (bhindi) 150 1,500 100.0 1,728 19,659 113.77 Cucurbits 316 6,800 215.2 2,082 43,845 210.59 Capsicum & chillies 198 2,835 143.2 2,081 30,876 148.37 Brinjal 90 1,800 200.0 772 14,267 184.81 Other vegetables 540 9,630 178.3 3,715 63,817 171.78 Total 5,762 1,05,895 183.8 49,858 9,29,706 186.47

Source: Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

Table 2.34 Area, Production and Yield of Major Vegetables

Crop Area (ha) Production (mt) Yield (q/ha) hectares % of state tonnes % of state Mandi

Potato 2,419 16.90 34, 484 21.13 143 Other Vegetables

5,762 11.07 1,05,815 10.67 184

Himachal Pradesh Potato 14, 313 100 1, 63, 213 100 114 Other Vegetables

52, 053 100 9, 91, 442 100 190

Source: Statistical Outline of HP, 2006-07.

The yield levels of different crops varied from as low as 77.8 quintals per hectare in case of beans to 320 quintals per hectare in respect of cauliflower. Likewise, at the state level, pea was the most important crop that covered 16,348 hectares of area followed by tomato with an area of 9,211 hectares. Onion and garlic, cabbage and cauliflower were important crops both in terms of area and production. The yield of different crops varied from as high as 327.05 quintals per hectare at the state level to 104.61 quintals per hectare.

The production of potato in Mandi district has increased over the period from 21, 980 tonnes in 2003-04 to 34, 484 tonnes in 2006-07. The contribution of potato production in Mandi to the state also increased from 14 to 21 per cent for the same period (Table 2.35).

34

Table 2.35 Trend in Production of Potato (m. tonnes)

Year Mandi HP As % 2003-04 21,980 1,55,400 14.14 2004-05 16, 260 1,77,919 9.14 2005-06 17,179 1,62,550 10.57 2006-07 34, 484 1,63,213 21.13


2.4.6 Fruit Production

In case of fruit crops in 2005-06, the area under different fruit crops was 31, 905 hectares and the production was 43, 084 tonnes (Table 2.36). It is visualized from the table that apple was the most important fruit crop in the district which was grown in an area of 14, 832 ha. Besides, the main fruit crop at the state level was also apple. At the state level, the area under all fruit crops was 1, 91, 668 hectares that produced 6, 95,520 tonnes of fruit.

Table 2.36 Areas and Production of Different Fruit, 2005-06

Crop Mandi H.P. Area (ha) Production (t) Area (ha) Production (t)

Apple 14,832 36,421 88,560 5,40,360 Citrus 4,244 1,262 20,729 29,160 Dry fruit 2,818 762 11,210 3,920 Other fruit 10,011 4,639 71,169 1,22,080 Total fruit 31,905 43,084 1,91,668 6,95,520

Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

The per cent share of the different fruit crops in area and production (Table 2.37) shows that around 85 per cent of the total fruit production was contributed by apple which was the most important crop as mentioned earlier. Mango which is included under other fruit was the second most important fruit in the district accounting for 10 per cent of the total area under fruit and 2 per cent of the total fruit production. In comparison, at the state level, apple was important crop accounting for around 46 per cent of the total area under fruit and more than three-fourth of the total fruit production in the state. Other fruit crops of which mango was important one came second contributing more than one-third of the total area under fruit and nearly 18 per cent of the total fruit production.

Table 2.37 Per Cent Area and Production of Different Fruit, 2005-06

Crop Mandi H.P. Area Production Area Production

Apple 46.49 84.53 46.20 77.69 Citrus 13.30 2.93 10.82 4.19 Dry Fruit 8.83 1.77 5.85 0.56 Other Fruit 31.38 10.77 37.13 17.55 Total Fruit 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00


The area and production of fruit have been presented in the table 2.38. It can be seen from the table that there was a continuous increase of both area and production over the period. For

35

example, the area under fruit crops increased from 5,652 hectares in 1990-91 to 31,905 hectares in 2005-06 in Mandi district and from 3,86,314 ha to 6,95,520 ha at the state level during the said period.

Table 2.38 Areas, Production Yield of Fruit; 1990-91 to 2005-06

Particular Year Area (ha) Production (t) Yield (kg/ha)

Mandi

1990-91 5,652 - 1995-96 29,753 89,090 2,994.3 1999-00 31,588 65,160 2,062.8 2005-06 31,905 43,084 1,350.38

H.P.

1990-91 1,63,330 3,86,314 2,365.24 1995-96 1,95,684 3,11,889 1,593.84 1999-00 2,17,319 4,28,049 1,969.68 2005-06 1,91,668 6,95,520 3,628.77


2.5 Irrigation and Use of Inputs

Inputs are the major raw materials in agriculture for increasing productivity of crops. Table 2.39 shows the percentage of area of major crops viz; maize, paddy and wheat which was grown under irrigation. There was a continuous increase in area under irrigation of all major crops both at the district level as well as at the state level. It is interesting to mention that percentage of area of wheat under irrigation at the district level was twice the area at the state level. The area under paddy crop and percentage of irrigated area to net sown area at the state level was, however, greater than that of district.

Table 2.39 Area Under Irrigation, Major Crops (Per Cent).

Particular Triennium Maize Paddy Wheat % Irrigated area to net sown area

Mandi

1990-91 0.00 43.09 47.17 24.74 1995-96 7.77 40.37 43.92 26.80 2000-01 7.88 41.08 44.39 30.07 2002-03 7.94 40.15 44.11 30.13

H P

1990-91 6.78 57.79 17.31 17.00 1995-96 7.77 60.41 18.90 18.79 2000-01 8.28 63.21 18.46 19.13 2002-03 9.43 60.39 20.33 18.80


The main irrigation sources in the district are lift, tanks, bore wells, wells and flow irrigation/canals. The percentage of area under rainfed is high in all the blocks while there is a potential for medium and minor irrigation. Though lift irrigation exists in the all the blocks, the area covered is negligible except in Sundernagar and Chauntra. There is vast potential for bore well irrigation in Sundernagar (Table 2.40). The information on irrigation projects likely to be completed is given in Table 2.41. The projected area to be irrigated will be 1,400 hectares after the completion of on going irrigation projects in the district.

36

Tab

le 2

.40

Blo

ck -

wis

e In

form

atio

n on

Rai

nfed

and

Irr

igat

ed A

rea

in th

e D

istr

ict M

andi

Sr

.N

o.

Blo

ck

Rai

nfed

ar

ea (h

a)

%

Irri

gate

d ar

ea (s

ourc

e w

ise)

M

ajor

M

ediu

m

Min

or

%

P

A

%

P

A

%

P

A

1.

Sada

r 10

,811

89

.62

- -

-

2,00

0 1,

251

0.06

10.3

8 2.

B

alh

7,25

1 69

.61

13.7

4 40

0 2,

410

0.40

4,

000

755

0.29

50.3

9 3.

Su

nder

naga

r 5,

916

67.7

7 -

1,65

0 -

- 6,

000

2,81

4 0.

21

37

.23

4.

Goh

ar

6,04

5 88

.40

- -

- -

1,00

0 79

3 0.

07

11

.60

5.

Sera

j 10

,322

97

.26

- -

- -

700

291

0.01

2.74

6.

K

arso

g 10

,773

91

.64

- -

- -

1,80

0 98

3 0.

04

8.

36

7.

Gop

alpu

r 5,

894

65.1

8 -

- -

- 3,

200

2,54

8 0.

20

34

.82

8.

Dha

rmpu

r 7,

261

91.1

8 -

- -

- 1,

300

702

0.05

8.82

9.

C

haun

tra

4,47

0 63

.69

- -

- -

6,00

0 3,

140

0.21

36.3

0 10

. D

rang

5,

866

78.3

6 -

- -

- 3,

000

1,62

0 0.

12

21

.64

Con

td...

L

ift

Bor

e w

ells

T

ank

Wel

ls

Flo

w

irri

gati

on/c

anal

%

P

A

%

P

A

%

P

A

%

P

A

%

P

A

1.14

200

-

-

200

10.3

8 -

- -

5.99

2,

000

1,05

1 0.

91

16

0

1,00

0 -

25

30

.39

0.11

20

0 20

3.

39

178

595

3.86

677

2.57

2,

700

450

10

0 32

.23

0.03

10

0 5

9.62

1,

000

1,68

7 0.

85

15

0

40

1.

60

3.

67

200

643

0.59

104

30

2.74

1.07

10

0 18

7 2.

62

46

0

80

8.

36

2.

98

400

523

2.14

376

70

34.8

2

12.3

9 50

0 2,

172

0.57

100

35

8.82

3.43

30

0 60

2 2.

29

40

1

20

0 36

.31

15

.67

51,2

00

2,74

8 1.

72

30

2

12

5 21

.60

7.

52

800

1,31

8 N

ote:

%

- s

hare

of

the

tota

l are

a un

der

irri

gatio

n a.

P –

Pote

ntia

l are

a of

the

proj

ect

b.A

– A

ctua

l are

a ir

riga

ted

c.C

onve

rsio

n of

tank

s to

per

cola

tion

tank

s if

any

? So

urce

: Str

ateg

ic R

esea

rch

and

Ext

ensi

on P

lan

of D

istr

ict M

andi

, Him

acha

l Pra

desh

, AT

MA

, 200

5.

37

Table 2.41 Information on Irrigation Projects near Completion Sr. No. Type of the project Name of the project Blocks covered Area irrigated (ha) 1 Projected Actual

Lift irrigation Balh area left bank project Balh 1,400 ha Nil


It can be seen from the table 2.42 that almost all the area of major crops was under high yielding varieties in the district. However, at the state level only three - fifth of maize and wheat and another two - fifth of paddy had been grown with high yielding varieties.

Table 2.42 Area Under High Yielding Varieties of Major Crops (Per Cent). Particular Year Maize Paddy Wheat

Mandi 1980-81 - - -

1999-2000 99.90 99.32 100

H P 1980-81 14.83 NA 33.85

1999-2000 61.63 41.61 61.05 Note: NA = Area not available for 1980-81 Source: Annual Season and Crop Reports, Directorate of Land Records, Government of Himachal Pradesh

Main sources of organic inputs used in the district were bio-fertilizer, vermi-compost and FYM. Dairy farms, private source, own source, NAFED and self help groups & govt. farm were the sources of availability of organic inputs in the district. The usage of organic inputs increased from 41 per cent in 2003-2004 to 45 per cent in 2005-06. Interestingly, per cent of farmers using organic manure also increased from 28.41 to 31 per cent for the same period (Table 2.43).

Table 2.43 Organic Inputs Used in the District Sr.No.

Year (last three years)

Type of input

Sources of availability

Quantityused (mt)

% of area covered (ha)

% of farmers using organic manure

1. 2003-04 FYM Dairy farm Bhangrotu & Kamand

2,000 400 0.296 0.20

Private source 7,000 1,400 1.03 0.71 Own source 2,70,000 54,000 40.00 27.41 Bio-fertilizer NAFED 1.6 320 0.237 0.016 Vermi-

compost Self help groups & Govt. farm

500 16,6.66 0.123 0.08


2,100 420 0.311 0.21



800 266.66 0.197 0.13


2,050 410 0.303 0.20



1,000 33.33 0.246 0.16


38

The table 2.44 shows details on medicinal and aromatic and other minor forest produce. The area under the medicinal plants is only 5.9 hectares and 11 farmers practised the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Table 2.44 Details on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and other Minor Forest By -Products

Sr.No.

Block Crop Organic Inorganic Area (ha).

Production (tones)

No. of farmers

No. % Aromatic crops - - - - - - 1. Chauntra Medicinal crops - Inorganic 0.5 - 1 No. -

Non-timber forest produce

- - - - - -

2. Sadar Medicinal crops - Inorganic 0.5 - 1 No. - 3. Drang -do- - -do- 1.33 - 2 No. - 4. Gopalpur -do- - -do- 1.45 - 2 No. - 5. Dharmpur -do- - -do- 1.96 - 4 No. - 6. Balh -do- - -do- 0.2 - 1 No. -

Note: Information under other heads of the table in other blocks may be treated nil. Source: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, ATMA, 2005.

Table 2. 45 Fertilizer Consumption, 1980-81 to 2006-07

Particular Year NPK (metric tonnes) NPK (kg/ha) Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Overall

Mandi

1980-81 1,149 1,149 2,298 16.25 16.25 14.43 1991-92 2,151 2,798 4,949 28.26 36.75 30.09 1998-99 2,768 2,996 5,764 36.31 39.30 35.78 2005-06 2,676 3,485 6,161 NA NA NA

H. P.

1980-81 8,155 5,795 13,950 15.93 13.33 14.74 1991-92 15,599 15,006 30,605 29.12 34.36 31.47 1998-99 15,318 19,534 34,852 28.88 42.85 35.33 2005-06 19,197 28,776 47,973 37.28 66.69 50.78

Source: Statistical outline, Himachal Pradesh (Various Issues)

39

Fertiliser Consumption (kg/ha)

01020304050607080

1980-81 1991-92 1998-99 2005-06Year

Qua

ntity

(kg/

ha)

Kharif (Mandi) Rabi (Mandi) Kharif (H.P) Rabi (H.P)

Fig. 2.4 Pattern of Fertilizer Consumption Source: Statistical outline, Himachal Pradesh (Various Issues)

Fertilizers are considered as essential input for increasing productivity of different crops. Thefertilizer consumption during kharif and rabi is given in Table 2.45 and Fig. 2.4. As may be seen from the table, the fertilizer consumption increased continuously over the period both at the district as well as at the state level. For example, total fertilizer consumption in the state increased from 2,298 tonnes in 1980-81 to 6161 tonnes in 2005 – 2006. Further, a similar pattern was discernible with regard to fertilizer consumption per unit area (per hectare).

Table 2.46 Extent of Mechanization (No.)

Type of implement Mandi H. P. 1992 1997 2003 1992 1997 2003

Ploughs 1,27,292 45,350 1,23,383 7,10,349 4,62,439 6,31,470 Carts - - 561 1,128 1,807 2,404 Cane crushers 20 13 30 1,878 1,213 1,135 Tractors 186 180 325 3,466 4,205 6,966 Oil engines 23 31 92 1,299 1,295 3,664 Electric pumps 18 25 315 1,222 2,530 7,325 Threshers 560 919 2,067 19,221 14,048 19,458

Source: Strategic Research and Extension Plan of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, ATMA 2005.

40

Tab

le 2

.47

Blo

ck -

wis

e In

form

atio

n on

the

Agr

icul

tura

l Im

plem

ents

and

Far

m M

achi

nery

Sl.

No

Blo

ck

Agr

icul

ture

Impi

emen

ts a

nd fa

rm m

achi

nery

Tr

acto

rs

Pum

pset

s Sp

raye

rs

Pudd

lers

Po

wer

tille

rs

Wee

ders

H

arve

stor

/thre

sher

s O

ther

s N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

ho

use

hold

s

No.

N

o of

hou

se

hold

s N

o.

1.

Sada

r 65

65

-

- 63

3 63

3 20

20

2

2 -

- 70

5 70

5 -

2.

Bal

h 86

86

-

- 74

2 74

2 20

20

6

6 -

- 66

2 66

2 -

3.

Sund

erna

gar

80

80

- -

681

681

55

55

5 5

- -

563

563

- 4.

G

ohar

65

65

-

- 66

5 66

5 31

31

-

-

- 54

3 54

3 -

5.

Sera

j 23

23

-

- 61

0 61

0 -

70

5 5

- --

24

5 24

5 -

6.

Kar

sog

45

45

- -

715

715

160

160

-

- -

554

554

- 7

Gop

alpu

r 60

60

-

- 23

5 23

5 5

5 1

1 -

- 55

9 55

9 -

8 D

harm

pur

40

40

- -

240

240

11

11

- -

- -

445

445

- 9

Cha

untra

35

35

-

- 28

5 28

5 36

36

-

- -

- 52

5 52

5 -

10

Dra

ng

32

32

605

605

1 1

540

540

Sour

ce: S

trate

gic

Res

earc

h an

d Ex

tens

ion

Plan

of D

istri

ct M

andi

, Him

acha

l Pra

desh

, ATM

A, 2

005.

41

It was noted from the Tables 2.46 & 2.47 that agriculture sector in the district has changed towards mechanization. The use of cane crushers, tractors, oil engines, electrical pumps, and threshers increased continuously over the period while use of ploughs decreased from 1, 27, 292 in 1992 to 1, 23, 383 in 2003. The similar pattern can be observed at the state level also.

2.6 Livestock and Fisheries

The changes in livestock over the two decades have been presented in the Tables 2.48 & 2.49. At the state level and the district level, there was a huge decline in sheep population over the three decades. The sheep population declined from 1, 80, 954 in 1977 to 1, 29, 844 in 2003. However, poultry population increased in varying degree between 1990-91 and 2000-01 both at the district and state level. Further cattle, buffalo and goat population declined over the last three decades. It is worthwhile to note that bovine density in case of geographical area was higher at the district level compared to the state level. However, it can be observed from the table that bovine density under operational holding declined continuously from 5.80 in 1977 to 5.39 in 2003. The status of livestock in different blocks of Mandi district can be captured from Table 2.49.

Table 2.48 Changes in Livestock Population, 1977 to 2003 (No.)

Particular Census Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Total livestock

Poultry Bovine density (No./ha)

Geog.area

Operati-onal

holding

Mandi 1977 3,78,752 87,103 1,80,954 2,00,312 8,50,123 39,378 1.32 5.80 1992 4,38,050 1,08,416 1,97,769 2,02,938 9,52,490 81,902 1.38 5.76 2003 4,37,536 84,301 1,29,844 1,89,745 8,49,461 59,357 1.18 5.39

H. P. 1977 21,06,229 5,60,006 10,55,005 10,35,337 47,95,226 3,29,561 0.86 4.75 1992 21,51,616 7,00,923 10,74,345 11,15,591 51,16,933 6,64,039 0.92 5.04 2003 21,96,538 7,73,229 9,06,027 11,15,587 50,46,044 7,63,820 0.91 5.52

Source: Livestock Census, 1977 & 1992 and 2003

42

Tab

le 2

.49

Stat

us o

f Liv

esto

ck in

Dif

fere

nt B

lock

s of

Man

di D

istr

ict

Sr.

No.

B

lock

M

ilch

Dro

ught

an

imal

Sh

eep

Goa

t P

oult

ry b

irds

P

igge

ry

Oth

er

Cow

s B

uffa

loes

N

o.

No.

N

o.

Bac

k ya

rd

Far

m

Exo

tic

Loc

al

L

UP

E

L

U

P

E

1,

509

1.

Sada

r 3,

046

50,4

00

- 8,

220

6,26

0 -

9,07

6 16

,450

20

,210

2,

110

5 -

- -

2.

Bal

h 5,

035

15,1

10

- 3,

350

12,1

20

- 2,

115

4,23

5 3,

667

336

2 -

- 50

3.

Su

nder

naga

r 6,

335

12,3

10

- 4,

050

11,9

00

- 3,

050

4,06

0 13

,240

3,

340

10

- 1,

500

310

4.

Goh

ar

10,2

00

25,3

45

- 52

0 80

0 -

8,05

8 12

,990

7,

960

250

1 -

- 36

5.

Se

raj

30,8

52

25,2

50

- 8

- -

10,6

40

38,3

50

27,0

50

40

- -

-

6.

Kar

sog

25,8

00

42,5

00

- 12

,000

6,

320

- 15

,900

13

,300

25

,000

20

0 2

- -

- 7.

G

opal

pur

1,00

0 19

,000

-

10,0

00

9,14

0 -

8,65

0 5,

650

17,9

76

650

2 -

- 4

8.

Dha

rmpu

r 2,

000

11,7

90

- 5,

840

2,90

0 -

6,00

0 4,

686

12,2

10

195

2 -

- 15

9.

C

haun

tra

4,63

0 28

,230

-

1,00

0 1,

932

- 4,

600

4,21

0 11

,210

54

0 3

- -

18

10.

Dra

ng

11,3

90

30,8

10

- 5,

000

690

- 3,

230

13,0

85

20,2

50

1,52

5 3

- -

20

Not

e: L

– L

ocal

UP

– U

pgra

ded

E –

Exo

tic

Sour

ce: S

trat

egic

Res

earc

h an

d E

xten

sion

Pla

n of

Dis

tric

t Man

di, H

imac

hal P

rade

sh, A

TM

A, 2

005.

Man

di

Dis

tric

t Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Tab

le 2

.50

Cha

nges

in L

ives

tock

Pro

duct

ion,

199

0-91

to 2

006-

07

Yea

r

Milk

(mt)

W

ool (

mt)

M

eat (

mt)

E

ggs

(Lak

h)

Cow

B

uffa

lo

Goa

t T

otal

G

oat

Shee

p P

ig

Tot

al

Man

di

1990

-91

- -

- 13

2.14

24

1.65

-

- -

368.

04

10.1

6 19

95-9

6 -

- -

127.

04

229.

16

- -

- 27

2.16

16

.6

2000

-01

- -

- 12

4.06

26

1.71

26

2.36

12

2.06

14

39

8.43

12

.4

2006

-07

93.0

1 40

.49

3.53

13

7.03

22

0.47

18

0.61

16

4.85

32

2.64

66

8.09

46

.44

H

imac

hal P

rade

sh

1990

-91

257.

56

300.

84

14.2

0 57

2.61

1,

452.

1 2,

332.

0 1,

432.

0 28

5.00

4,

049.

0 53

1.70

19

95-9

6 30

2.84

34

4.64

28

.80

676.

27

1,54

8.1

2,28

3.0

1,15

9.4

150.

82

3,59

3.3

720.

81

2000

-01

349.

62

377.

03

33.7

6 76

0.41

1,

586.

1 2,

248.

6 95

5.19

22

1.61

3,

425.

4 81

5.68

20

06-0

7 50

0.01

34

5.19

27

.20

872.

40

1,60

5.3

1,86

9.6

799.

85

264.

77

2,93

4.2

771.

98

Sour

ce: D

irec

tora

te o

f A

nim

al H

usba

ndry

, Gov

ernm

ent o

f H

imac

hal P

rade

sh

43

The changes of livestock production have been presented in Table 2.50. Milk, meat and eggs production have increased over the period while wool production has declined due to decreasing of sheep population.

2.7 Insects, Pests, Diseases and Weeds Problems in Mandi District

The major insects, pests and diseases for different crops on priority –wise, in Mandi district are displayed in Tables 2.51 and 2.52 which are self –explanatory.

Table 2.51. Priority - wise Insect Pest Problems in Mandi District

Crop Insect Pests (priority wise) Remarks Cereals Maize Cutworms

White grubs Riverbed areas and high hills Stem borer Black beetle Nematodes Maize aphid Snails and slugs High hills Termites

Paddy Leaf folder Nematodes White grubs Black beetle Grasshopper

Wheat Termites Low hills Aphid Grasshoppers

Pulses (Mash, chickpea, rajmash, lentil) Bean bug

Pod borer Blister beetle Hairy caterpillars Cutworms White grubs High altitude

Oilseeds(Rapeseed-mustard, sesame, soybean, linseed)

Aphid complex Cabbage caterpillar Painted bug Til pod borer Hairy caterpillars Bean bug Girdle beetle

Sugarcane Termites Borer complex

Vegetables Solanaceous (Tomato, brinjal, capsicum, chilli)

Tomato fruit borer Brinjal shoot and fruit borer Nematodes Cutworm

44

Hadda beetle Cucurbitaceous (cucumber, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, summer squash, pumpkin)

Serpentine leaf miner

Fruit fly Mites Red pumpkin beetle Hadda beetle Aphids

Leguminaceous (pea, french bean)

Pea leaf miner Low hills Cutworms High hills in off- season crop Pod borer Blister beetle Bean bug White grubs Off season crop in high hills

Malvaceous (okra) Cutworms Spotted boll worm (fruit borer) Jassids Flea beetles Mites

Cruciferous (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, radish, turnip)

Caterpillar complex (Cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, semilooper, head borer)

Aphid complex Cutworms White grubs High hills in off-season crops Red ant Snails and slugs High hills Flea beetle Painted bug

Other vegetables and spices (carrot, onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric, coriander, colocasia)

Onion thrips Onion maggot Aphid

Potato White grubs Mid and high hills Cutworm High hills Hadda beetle Red ants Wireworms

Protected cultivation (capsicum, carnation)

Nematodes Aphids Fruit/bud borer Mites Thrips Tobacco caterpillar

Source: Department of Entomology, CSK HPKV, Palampur.

45

Table 2.52 Major Diseases Limiting Crop Production in Mandi District Crop Disease Crop Disease

Cereals Vegetable crops Maize

Bacterial stalk rot Tomato Bacterial wilt Turcicum and maydis leaf blights Fruit rot Banded leaf and sheath blight Cabbage & cauliflower Black rot

Paddy

Blast Stalk rot Brown spot Pea Root rot/wilt complex Grain discolouration White rot False smut Brinjal Bacterial wilt

Wheat

Rusts ( yellow & leaf rusts) Phomosis blight & fruit rot Loose smut Collar rot Hill bunt Potato Late blight

Oilseeds Bacterial wilt Brassica oil seeds

Alternaria blight Chilli and capsicum Bacterial wilt White rust Fruit rot (anthracnose) Downy mildew Phytophthora rot

Linseed

Rust Pulse crops Wilt Mash & mung Leaf spots

Soybean Brown spot Rajmash Anthracnose

Target leaf spot Yellow mosaic

Source: Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur

Table 2.53 Priority - wise Weed Problems Crop Weeds (priority wise)

1. Maize Echinochloa colona, Commelina benghalensis,Brachiaria sp.,Ageratum conyzoides,Polygonum alatum, Digitaria sanguinalis Setaria glauca Cyperus iria

2. Paddy Cyperus iria, Echinochloa crus-galli, Fimbristylis sp. Scirpus sp.Commelina communis

3. Wheat Phalaris minor, Stellaria media, Lolium temulentum, Avena leudoviciana,Poa annua,Anagalis arvensis, Medicago denticulata

4. Chickpea, pea Medicago denticulate ,Chenopodium album, Sorghum halepense Anagallis arvensis, Fumaria parviflora

5. i) Rabi: Rapeseed- mustard, linseed ii) Kharif: Sesame

Ranunculus arvensis, Phalaris minor, Polypogon monsplensis, Melilotus alba, Anagallis arvensis. Digitaria sanguinalis, , Dactyloctenium aegyptium Setaria glauca,Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colona,,

6.Sugarcane Ageratum houstonianum Parthenium hysterophorus,Digitaria sanguinalis, , i) Kharif: Ginger

Ageratum conyzoides, Cyperus iria Commelina benghalensis, Gallinsoga parviflora Digitaria sanguinalis

ii) Rabi Poa annua, Stellaria media,Fumaria parviflora Source: Department of Agronomy, CSK HPKV, Palampur.

The weed infestation is a major problem in the district, reducing the yield of the crop to a greater extent. On priority basis, Table 2.53 explains the problematic weeds in different crops grown in Mandi district.

2.8 Infrastructural Facilities

A good net-work of infrastructure facilities is available through out the district, except linkage of

46

remote and high altitude villages to main markets with the help of constructing all weather metalled roads.

2.8.1 Banking, Marketing and Co-operation

By 2006-07, the number of bank branches has risen to 104 whose credit deposit ratio has also increased from 30.4 in 2004 to 37.72 in 2006 (Table 2.54).

Table 2.54 Deposits and Advances of Scheduled Commercial Banks (Rs. in lakhs) Year Banks (No.) Deposits Credits Credit –deposit ratio

2004 101 1,12,700 33,800 30.4 2005 101 1,23,900 41,500 34.5 2006 104 1,42,100 53,600 37.72

Source: Statistical Outline of H.P 2006-07.

There is a strong network of banking and co-operative institutions in the district which advance quite a huge amount of agriculture loan to the farmer.Panjab National Bank Ltd. was opened at Mandi on 24th May, 1944 and the State Bank of India on 17th December, 1956. The Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank Limited, Mandi was opened on 2nd December, 1954 by integration of the Mandi Central Co-operative Bank. Its one branch was started at Jogindernagar on 26th November, 1955 and another at Surendernagar on 15th July, 1959. There is a wide net work of banks in the district and Punjab National Bank is the lead bank. The district has 137 branches of various banks including 47 branches of Himachal Gramin bank. The Punjab National Bank has maximum branches (31), followed by HP State Co-op Bank (30). The State Bank of India has 06 branches in the district. The details of branches of different banks and the credit extended under different schemes are presented in Table 2.55.

Table 2. 55 Credit Institutions in Operation for Agriculture and Allied Sectors in the District Mandi S. No. Name of bank No of

branches Credit extended

Agriculture SSI Services Non PS Total 1. PNB 31 2,649.41 704.64 2,692.54 1,111.89 7,158.48 2. SBI 06 301.22 181.94 2,370.62 904.60 3,758.38 3. SBOP 07 149.96 118.63 921.03 723.95 1,913.57 4. IOB 02 14.52 21.56 172.30 152.12 360.50 5. UCO 01 25.70 33.44 105.78 86.97 251.89 6. Central Bank of India 01 196 13.27 42.39 14.52 171.14 7. Oriental Bank of commerce 01 17.24 15.01 112.62 93.76 238.63 8. PPSB 01 9.89 18.81 33.03 75.44 137.17 9. Canara Bank 01 7.12 50.00 92.17 3.30 152.06

10. Bank of India 01 2.20 30,50 159.13 624.39 816.22 11. Bank of Baroda 01 6.03 8.0 61.08 84.37 159.48 12. Union Bank of India 01 22.10 16.15 115.12 34.20 187.57

Regional Rural Bank 1. Himachal Gramin Bank 47 2,390.00 486.00 2,757.00 318.00 5,951.00 2. HP State Co-op Bank

(Corporation) 30 1,349.64 142.09 2,743.67 1,643.48 5,878.88

3. Land Dev Bank 6 423.47 33.41 423.12 0.00 880.00 Total: 137


47

The main functions of agricultural co-operatives are to provide short and medium term loans, supply of agriculture and other production requirements and marketing of agricultural produce (Table 2.56).

Table 2.56 Co-operative Societies

Particular Fair price shops (No.) Fair price shops per Lakh of population (No.) Rural Urban Total

Mandi 625 49 674 75 HP 4,010 324 4,344 71

Source: Statistical Outline of H.P 2006-07.

There are six markets in six blocks of the district catering to the needs of the farmers. There is one food grains and vegetables/fruit market in Sundernagar and five fruit and vegetable markets, covering areas of Chandigargh, Delhi, Punjab, Hariyana and local (Table 2.57).

Table 2. 57 Information Regarding Markets in District Mandi

Sr.No.

Block Name of the

market centre

Periodicity (weekly/daily)

Important commodities

handled

Commodity wise quantity

handled (annual)

Area covered No. of farm

families covered

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sadar Balh S.rnagar Gohar Karsog Gopalpur

Takoli

-do-

Dhanotu

-do-

-do-

Traders

Daily

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Nil

All fruit and vegetables

Vegetables

Food grains Vegetables

Fruit

Vegetable Fruit

-do-

837 q 2,615q

162 mt 860 mt

33,297q 5,127 q 450 mt

165 mt 125 mt

145 mt 135 mt

Chandigarh, Delhi, Punjab,

Haryana & Local -do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

1,400 9,500 1,625 5,500 4,700


48

Table 2. 58 Public-Private Partnership in Market Related Initiatives in District Mandi

Type of Partnership

Partners Activity undertaken

Volume of trade (tonnes)

Value of trade (Rs.)

Terms of refe.

I II III Dairy Horticulture Seed production Apple Sericulture

Farmer

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Milk federation

HPMC

DOA

Traders

Traders, Deptt. of Industry, DRDA

Consumer

-do-

Farmer & shopkeeper

Consumers

-do-

Milk purchase & processing Fruits & vegetables purchase & processing Seed production & procurement Procurement Procurement & selling

34,328 15,000

3,43,280 3,00,00,000

- -


Table 2.58 describes public-private partnership in market related initiatives in the district. The HP milk federation is involved in purchasing milk from consumers and processing it and thus earning revenue of Rs. 3, 43,280. The HPMC purchases fruit and vegetables at reasonable prices and processes them. The Department of Agriculture is producing and purchasing seeds from farmers and thus earning revenue to the tune of Rs. 3 crores.

With regards to market infrastructure facilities, the market facilities like auction platform, market information and parking are available in the district (Table 2.59).

49

Table 2.59 Information on Market Infrastructure Facilities Available in District Mandi

Sr. No.

Nameof the

location

Name of the

structure

Type of service offered

Locationof

facility

Commoditieshandled

Capacity Tariff if any Installed Used

1.

2.

R.M. sub yard

Takoli

R.M. sub yard Dhanotu

i) Auction platform

ii) Market information iii) Parking iv) Toilet

i) Auction platform

ii) Market information iii) Parking

Covered Internet, newspaper, radio RCC platform Sulabh sochalaya Covered Internet, newspaper, radio -

Takoli

Dhanotu

Takoli

Takoli

Dhanotu

-do-

All fruit & vegetables

-do-

700 m sq. -

300 m sq.

3 units

1,000 m sq.

-

500 m sq.

700 m sq. -

300 m sq.

3 units

1,000 m sq. -

500 m sq.

- - - - - - -


The five agro-processing centres have been established in the district at different blocks like Sadar, Balh, Gohar and Sundarnagar blocks the functions of which have been displayed in Table 2.60.

Table 2. 60. Information on Agro-processing Facilities Available in and outside the District but Serving the Need of the District.

Sr.No.

Block Location of the

processing unit

Name Commodities processed

Type of processing

Capacity Installed In

use

1. 2. 3. 4.

Sadar Balh Gohar Sundernagar

Bajaura Baggi Chakkar Badhu Jarol

Hill thril processing unit Herbs processing center Milk processing plant Winery HPMC

Cauliflower, Mango, Aonla, Apple, Plum, Carrot, Radish, Chilies Aromatic & medicinal plants Milk Apple Apple, Pear, Plum, Mango, Litchi, Lemon, Galgal, Baby corn

Preservation Extraction of essential oil Ghee, paneer, curd, butter Wine Canning & preservation

3 mt - 1,000 mt

2.5 mt - 860 mt


50

Table 2. 61 List of Farmers Groups and Organizations Working in Mandi District

Sr.No.

Name of the commodity interest groups/ farmers interest groups

Location Area of operation

Commodity/ enterprise

Activities undertaken

1.

SHGs 9 in each block

Village Agri.+Hort.+Animal. Vegetable growing, fruit & vegetable preservation, Vermi-composting, mushroom , etc.

2.

Himachal Kisan Union

H.Q. Nagchala

State -do- Awareness amongst the farmers & to take up grievances of the farmers with the Govt.


Table 2.61 presents the lists of farmers groups working in Mandi district. There are Commodity Interest Groups/ Farmers Interest Groups in the district, namely, SHGs and Himachal Kisan Union. The activities undertaken by these groups are preservation of vegetables, growing of fruit & vegetables, vermi- composting, mushroom cultivation, etc. and to enhance awareness amongst the farmers besides taking up grievances of the farmers with the Govt. and solve them.

2.8.2 Means of Communication

With regards to communication systems, post offices, telephone exchanges, telephone booths (public), internet centers and cable vs. without cable TV are available in the district (Table 2.62).

Table 2. 62 Information on Communication System Prevailing in District Mandi

Sr.No.

Type of communication

facility

Sector Address with

tel. no., fax no.

Type of services rendered Area of operation

PublicNo.

PrivateNo.

1 Post Offices 375 - GPO Mandi 222906

All types of postal services, small savings

district

2 Telephone exchanges

158 - GM BSNL 221000

Landline phones, mobile. internet

district

3 Telephone booths (public)

961 - -do- -do- -do-

4 Computer training centers (important)

5 Internet centers 11 - -do- Internet registered dhaba district 6 Cable vs. without

Cable TV - 12 - All channels district


51

2.8.3 Power

The development of agriculture and industries can hardly take place without the availability of power. In addition, the electricity for domestic use has become indispensable in the modern days. The rural electrification plays a significant role in bridging up the socio-economic gap between the rural and urban communities and raising the quality of life even in the remote corners of the district. It helps increasing food production by harnessing the ground water resources and halting of migration of rural population to towns. The programme of utilization of hydro-electric power also plays a major role in regular supply of power in the district. There are three main hydro-electric power units in the district at Jogindernagar, Uhl and Bassi. The power house at Jogindernagar generates 110MW whereas the power house at the Bassi generates 60 MW and Uhl Stage III 100MW. Thus, total power generation capacity comes out to be 270 MW in the district.

2.9 Industry and Employment Status

The district is rich in forest, minerals and horticultural resources and has vast potentials for the establishment of small and cottage industries. The setting of these industries is important in raising the income level, living standard of the people and to provide employment opportunities to unemployed youth in the district.

As per the recent socio-economic survey, 20 per cent of the households in the district were below the poverty line as compared to 24 per cent at the state level (Table 2.63).

Table 2.63 Families Below Poverty Line

Particular Families at the time of survey (No.)

Families below poverty line

Families below poverty line to total families

Mandi 2,06,096 41,339 20.06 HP 11,82,926 2,82,370 23.87


The rich natural resources of Mandi district can be utilized in three major sectors namely, Industries, Hydroelectric power and Tourism as mentioned earlier. There has been significant development in the field of industry. There are 3,110 industrial units of medium and large scale sectors in the district as compared to 30,839 in the state (Table 2.64). The district is famous for manufacturing of rural craft, wool & cotton carding, shawl, woollen garments and silk reeling.

Table 2.64 Details of Industrial Units in Medium & Large Scale Sector

Particulars No. of Units. Investment (Rs lakh) Total Employment.Mandi 3,110 6,884.85 12,593 Himachal Pradesh 30,839 74,665.96 1,33,640

Source: http://www.dgfasli.nic.in/publication/reports/himachal

52

One of the main problems in the district is unemployment, though on education-front, the district is much ahead as compared to other districts of the state. The details of employment in the government as well as in private sectors are given in tables 2.65 to 2.68.

Table 2.65 Government Employees (Regular) as on 31.03.2002 (No.)

Particular Gazetted Non-gazetted Total Mandi 1,170 18,908 20,078 Himachal Pradesh 8,415 1, 36, 031 1, 44, 446

Source:http://www.dgfasli.nic.in/publication/reports/himachal

Table 2.66 Participation of Women in Management/Ownership in SSI Sector

Particular Mandi Himachal Pradesh No. of enterprises managed by women

650 3,517

No. of women enterprises 633 3,720 No. of female employees Regd. SSI sector 1,059 4,017 Unregd. SSI sector 907 5,342 Total 1,966 9,359

Source: http://www.dgfasli.nic.in/publication/reports/himachal

Table 2.67 Enterprises and Persons Usually Working (Economic census, 1998)

Particular Enterprises (No.) Persons usually working (No.) Total Agril. Non-agril. All

enterprises Agril. enterprises

Non-agril. enterprises

Mandi 31,095 1,150 29,945 63,892 1,410 62,482 HP 2,25,478 11,148 2,14,330 5,76,898 17,919 5,58,979


Table 2.68 Number of Factories and Workers

Particular Factories Workers 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006

Mandi 191 166 169 4,443 3,125 3,415 HP 2,309 2,471 2,743 93,227 1,11,994 1,37,496


2.10 Agro -Tourism

Agro-tourism is the crossroad of tourism and agriculture where the public visit working farms, ranches, or wineries to buy products, enjoy entertainment, participate in activities, shop at a country store or stand, eat locally grown or locally prepared food and perhaps make overnight stays for an authentic experience relating to agro-technologies being followed by rural farmers. This type of tourism has been emerging in many rural areas of our country and its market is

53

increasing tremendously. Not only that it provides economic diversification but it also helps the farmers to increase their export opportunities without leaving their home. In tune with this, Mandi district has ample potential of developing agro-tourism in the surrounding villages of Prashar Lake (Sadar block) and Rewalsar Lake (Balh block), Chuhar valley in Drang, Naina dhar and Chatbhuja areas and Basahi Dhar of Chauntra block, Kamalah Fort in Dharmpur, Janjehali and Gara Gusaini areas of Seraj block, and Devi Dhar in Gohar block. Similarly, the agro-tourism can also be developed at places of interest like temples, sanctuaries, hill tops, etc. For example, Mandi town is famous for having 81 old stone built temples due to which it is generally called as the Varanasi of Himachal Pradesh and as such, there are ample opportunities for the farmers of surrounding villages to enhance their income through enticing the tourists to their farms and developing agro-tourism spots well equipped with reasonable amenities like shelter, food, quality water, etc. Further, many centuries old temples built of stones in a houseboat style could be seen all over the Mandi town on the right and left banks of the river Beas where it is very broad. This scenic beauty can be made of attraction for the visitors by linking it with agro-tourism ventures.

2.11 Extension Services

A good network of extension services is pre-requisite for the development of agriculture in any area and Mandi is no exception

54

Tab

le 2

.69

Info

rmat

ion

on I

nput

and

Ser

vice

Pro

vide

rs in

Dis

tric

t Man

di

Blo

ck

Seed

Fe

rtili

zers

Pe

stic

ides

A

nim

al

feed

an

d po

ultr

y fe

ed

Vet

erin

ary

med

icin

es

Fish

se

eds

Fish

ha

tche

ries

N

o. o

f ho

rtic

ultu

re

nurs

erie

s

Fodd

er

N

Q

N

o.

of

Uni

t

Qua

ntity

N

*P*K

* N

Q

N

Q

N

Q

N

Q

N

N

o.

***

N

No.

**

* **

C

omm

oditi

es

Q

Sada

r 33

19

.4

48

7.0

2.8

1.8

6 6.

3 -

- 51

12

.0

- -

- -

11

3.3

Ber

seem

, so

rgha

m, O

at

0.13

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h 55

33

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76

11

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2.5

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6.

8 -

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4.0

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Sund

erna

gar

35

27.6

52

9.0

3.4

2.5

3 0.

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- 34

8.

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14

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35

0.70

11

0.

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o-

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Goh

ar

44

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59

4.

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5 1.

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raj

28

4.6

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2.8

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11

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r 30

19

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57

3.1

1.1

1.1

4 0.

6 -

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9.

0 -

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20

Dha

rmpu

r 24

24

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39

2.0

0.7

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5.

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haun

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ng

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Not

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= N

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f ou

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N=

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, P=

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spho

rus,

and

Pot

ash

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At present, inputs are made available to the farmers through departmental sale points, co-operative societies and private dealers. The details on input and service providers, facilities available with Department of Agriculture /SAU/NGO/Pvt. Sector, Department of Animal Husbandry and Research and Extension Development activities in the district are presented in tables 2.69 to 2.71. A perusal of Table 2.69 reveals that almost all the blocks are having facilities of seed, fertilizers, pesticides, animal & poultry feeds, fish seeds, horticultural nurseries, but many of the blocks except Sundernagar and Drang lack facility of veterinary medicines and fish hatcheries. Further, most of the blocks are lacking agric clinic, farmer’s field schools and agric. business centres. The state Departments of Animal Husbandry, Agriculture and HPKV have established their centres for extending facilities/services to the farmers so as to solve their problems and enhance productivity of agriculture and its allied sectors (Table 2.70). For this purpose, three institutions funded by state government and ICAR are operating in the district for strengthening research & extension facilities (Table 2.71).

Table 2.70 Information on Infrastructure Facilities Under Department/SAU/NGO/Pvt. Sector Animal Husbandry Sr. No. Type of infrastructure Utility No./Area Capacity Present status Animal husbandry

1. Seed farm/demonstration farm (situated at Kangu)

Fodder seed production

3.0 ha 7 –8 qtl. fodder seed production

not sown

2.

Vety. hospitals 36 No. CVD 2 No. MVD 1 No. Total vety. dispensaries/AI centres 278 No. Polyclinic 1 No. Testing Labs 1 No.

Treatment of animals & A.I.

- - -

Agriculture 1 Seed multiplication farm Seed production 6/ 34 ha 75 tonnes Under cultivation 2 Potato development station Seed production 2/11 ha 30 tonnes Under cultivation

3 Farmer advisory cum input sell centre

To provides technical know how and inputs to the farmers

80 - Running properly

4 Soil testing laboratory Testing of soil samples

1 No. 60,000 samples /year

Running properly

Krishi Vigyan Kendra

1. Soil testing laboratory Testing of soil samples

1 No. 500 samples /year

Under construction

2. Seed multiplication farm at Kamand

Seed production 8.0 ha 70q/year Under developed as rainfed

3. Crop demonstration farm Sundernagar

Demonstration unit 3.6 ha 8-20q/year Rainfed

4. Office cum lab building Office 1 No.

30 trainees can be accommo-dated to impart vocational training

Working

5. Farmer’s training hostel For staying the farmers

1 No. 20 beds Under construction


57

Table 2.71 Information on Research and Extension Development Activity in Mandi District (2003-04) Department/SAU/ZRS/KVK/NGO

Sr.No.

Sector (Central/State/District) Name of the scheme

Requirement of the scheme

Allocation of the year (Rs. lakh)

Shortfall/ surplus

Extn. Research Extn. Research 1. State (ZRS) Strengthening

of research facilities

- Research Nil 0.57 Shortfall

2. State Facilities for RSS

- -do- Nil 0.78 -do-

3. ICAR (KVK) Strengthening of KVK

Extn. Nil 2.0 Nil -do-


59

Chapter III

SWOT ANALYSIS OF MANDI DISTRICT

3.1 SWOT Analysis for Improving Agriculture and Allied Sectors

A critical analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of a region is a sine qua non for formulating development strategies/programmes in as much as it provides valuable insights into the potentials and constraints/threats in realizing these potentials. Thus, given the agro-climatic niches, existing status of agricultural development, physical and institutional infrastructure and the insights emerging from data on numerous other parameters thrown up by block and panchayats level schedules, a detailed analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was carried out to understand both potentials and constraints in the development of agricultural and allied sectors.

3.1.1 Strengths

The key strengths of the district have been identified as under:

� The varied agro-climatic conditions give rise to micro climatic niches conducive for the cultivation of a variety of agricultural and horticultural crops both, seasonal and off-season, including floriculture and medicinal plants and rearing of crossbred cows, particularly Jersey cross with local cows.

� The high altitude areas of Sadar, Sundernagar, Seraj, Gohar, Karsog and Drang blocks provide cxcellent environment for the cultivation of exotic vegetables along with off-season vegetables, flowers, and taking up income generating enterprises like protected cultivation, mushroom, sericulture, nursery raising, fruit and vegetable processing, seed production vermi-composting, bee-keeping, mushroom compost, etc.

� Two main rivers viz. Sutlej and Beas supported by perennial tributories (Uhl, Jeuni, Tirthan) passing through the district are potential source of lift irrigation.

� The district receives well distributed and sufficient rainfall which augurs well for overall agricultural development. It is also rich in groundwater. For example, net annual ground water availability in Balh valley of the district is 3,483 ha m as against the annual requirement of 781 ha m suggesting enough scope of expansion of area under irrigation through shallow and deep tube wells.

� Situated in the heart of the state and two national high ways passing through it, the district enjoys a potential of emerging as a mega market centre of the state.

� The location of the district near to markets in the neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi as compared to other districts of the state gives it an added advantage.

60

� The district has price responsive farming communities willing to innovate, experiment and adopt riskier crops and enterprises as is evident from the rapid spread of protective cultivation.

� Two well developed lakes viz; Rewalsar (25 km) and Prashar (40 km), beside Kamlah Fort in Dharmpur block, Janjehali and Gada Gosaini in Seraj block, Naina Dhar and Basahi Dhar area in Chauntra block, Devi Dhar in Gohar block and Chuhar valley in Drang block offer vast scope of enticing tourists and developing agro-tourism in the district.

� The moderate climate of the district coupled with availability of pastures and grasslands provide favourable environment for development of small scale commercial dairy.

� The district has fairly well developed infrastructural facilities like commercial banks, seed farms at Bhangrotu, chhater and Joginder nagar, KVK and RSS at Sundernagar and twelve Progeny Cum Demonstration Orchards (PCDO) of both sub-tropical and temperate fruit.

� The existence of country’s first Mahseer fish seed production farm at Sidhpur, Trout farm at Basi, fish farms at Dahar, Machhial, Moviseri, Kamrah, Phula Dhar and Karsog, is an added advantage for promoting and harnessing potential of fish cultivation in the district.

� Potential of promoting organic farming because of low use of inorganic fertilisers and availability of organic inputs like bio-fertilizers, vermi-compost and FYM. The usage of organic inputs has increased from 41 per cent in 2003-2004 to 45 per cent in 2005-06 and per cent of farmers using organic manure has increased from 28.41 to 31 for the same period.

3.1.2 Weaknesses

� Small and fragmented holdings, besides undulating topography of high terrain areas are major impediments in accelerating growth of agriculture and allied sectors.

� The vast areas in the hinter lands lack connectivity to main market centers which hampers agricultural growth.

� Lack of well developed market infrastructure particularly in far flung areas of the district is another hinderance in fostering agricultural growth.

� The non-availability of critical inputs at the right time particularly in the areas having poor connectivity is a vital weak link.

� Poor extension backup as a result of inadequate extension manpower is yet another important weakness.

� Inadequate irrigation facilities despite huge potential to bring additional area under irrigation.

61

� Low and dwindling crop yields of most of the crops and pleauting of crop yields in case of some other crops.

� Pastures and grazing lands infested with weeds and poor quality grasses.

� Low water holding capacity of the soils due to shallow and sandy texture.

3.1.3 Opportunities

� Potential to emerge as leading producer of high value cash crops like exotic vegetables (broccoli asparagus and red cabbage in Karsog and Seraj blocks) off-season vegetables, floriculture, medicinal and aromatic plants and enterprises like apiculture and mushroom

� Scope for enhancing area under irrigation through lift irrigation, rain water harvesting and ground water exploitation.

� Potential to expand organic farming in areas like Seraj and upper areas of Gohar and Karsog, Sadar, Sundernagar and chuhar valley wherein current use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides/pesticides is negligible.

� Potential for developing commercial dairy and rearing sheep & goat because of availability of pastures and grass lands on the one hand and huge local demand for milk on the other.

� Opportunities for expanding fish cultivation in Jeuni Khad and Janjelhi Khad, Uhl and promoting trout in Tirthan Khad.

� Huge potential for area expansion under mango in blocks like Sundernagar, Gopalpur and Dharmpur.

� Huge potential to increase yields of different crops, particularly maize, as are evident from very large differences in the average yields of different crops of the average farmers and those of progressive farmers. Given the potential to increase maize yield, the district has a potential to emerge as a leading producer of maize thus affording an opportunity to establish maize based agro - industries.

3.1.4 Threats

� The rapid spread of obnoxious weeds like Commelina benghalensis, Echinochloa colona, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus iria, Commelina communis, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Fimbristylis sp, Medicago denticulate, Anagallis arvensis, Poa annua, Stellaria media, Phalaris minor Avena leudoviciana and Juncus bufonius is posing threat to pastures and cultivable lands.

� Threat of removal of vegetative cover and soil erosion on sloppy lands.

� Shrinking agricultural land due to diversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses

62

like houses, roads and other rural infrastructure and ongoing process of sub-division and fragmentation of holdings due to division of families is a fatal threat for future agriculture.

� Unplanned construction of roads and other infrastructures, mining and removal of sand aggregate from the rivers and local nullah are posing serious threat to fragile hilly ecosystem.

� Rapidly increasing population of monkeys and stray cattle is a major threat to crop and fruit production in large parts of the district. In fact, many farmers have abandoned cultivation of crops due to monkey menace.

� Inadequate infrastructure facilities like rural roads, markets and extension back-up are the major handicaps to the ongoing process of crop diversification in the district.

� The rising incidence of diseases like wilt, rhizome rot and blight nematode is a threat to the cultivation of high value cash crops.

� Low prices of agricultural produce coupled with rising input costs are other threats to agricultural sector. As a result of falling profitability, the farmers are fast losing interest in agriculture.

� The degradation of natural resource base, in particular soils and water, poses an imminent threat to the sustainability of agriculture

� The climate change manifested in terms of erratic and untimely rainfall and rising temperatures is yet another threat that looms large in sustaining agricultural production.

� The threat of competition in the market both because of the ongoing process of crop diversification in other states and also from cheaper imports under new liberalised regime.

� The threat of disappearance of comparative advantage enjoyed in the production of high value crops from emerging frontline technologies with the help of which goods can be produced under controlled conditions in plains.

� The threat of price crash as result of too much supply of some of the high value cash crops grown in polyhouses. This would adversely affect the cultivation of these crops

3.2 Issues Emerging Out of SWOT Analysis

� Need to check the fragmentation and use of agricultural lands for non - agricultural uses.

� Need to convert the agricultural culturable waste land for agricultural purposes.

� Need of programmes and policies to control wild/stray animals’ menace adversely affecting the growth of agriculture and allied sectors.

63

� Need for promotion of weeds and shrubs management technologies that are cost effective and yield promoters.

� Need to encourage the farmers to practise intercropping with suitable crops to check soil erosion, weed control and enhance productivity.

� Need to conserve the valuable germplasm of plant species that are rare or are on the verge of extinction.

� Need to enhance the pace of growth promoting technologies adoption so as to attain more production from limited land and available resources without compromising quality.

� Need to reform the present system of extension by clubbing the various developmental/extension agencies.

� Need to strengthen various institutions relating to agriculture with adequate man power so as to make agricultural research and extension programmes more efficient and effective.

� Need to enhance connectivity of far flung upland areas to main market.

3.3 Sectoral Growth Drivers

� To ensure availability of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers, plant protection material by improving and strengthening delivery system.


� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertilisers, and other ameliorants in addition to judicious and balanced nutrients to crops.

� Promotion of micro irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs.

� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and equipments and implements to reduce labour and drudgery of women folk.

� Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories)

� Provision of quality plant material to promote fruit production and harness available potential

� Promotion of protected cultivation along with supporting infrastructure for quality production of high value cash crops

� Construction of adequate number of CAS (Control Atmosphere Storage) at critical points

� The installation of anti-hail guns at critical points particularly in the apple growing areas of the district.

65

Chapter IV

AGRICULURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT

The present chapter based upon the data collected from all blocks and sample panchyats describes some of the important aspects of agricultural development of the district such as land utilization pattern, cropping pattern, input gap, yield gap, varietal and technological problems, interventions required to solve these problems, researchable issues and so on.

4.1 Land Use Pattern

The total geographical area of the district as per statistics presented in Table 4.1 was 3,95,058 ha of which 25 per cent was found under pasture and forest lands. The extent of pasture and grazing land was the highest in Karsog (16.69%), followed by Sadar (15.72 %) and Sundernagar (12.77 %) blocks. The proportions of cultivable area and cultivated area to the total geographical area were 32 and 23.27, respectively. However, the maximum cultivated area was found in Sadar block and minimum in Chauntra block. The area under fallow lands and culturable waste together accounted for about 2 per cent which can be brought under cultivation, if irrigation facilities and other inputs including technical know - how are made available to the farmers. The analysis of problems and interventions regarding land development highlighted in Tables 4.2a and 4.2b revealed that common problems found in the district were many like soil erosion, fragmentation of holdings, fire in the forest area during summer season, inadequate irrigation facilities, rocky and difficult terrains, spread of weeds and bushes, menace of stray and wild animals like monkey, bear, cattle, etc. The main interventions identified for the development of these problematic lands were to initiate effective policy measures by way of providing technical and financial support to the farmers for soil conservation, check dams, afforestration, cultivation as well as plantation of improved grasses, medicinal and aromatic plants, eradication of weeds and bushes, fencing to control animal menace, construction of irrigation schemes and creating awareness about efficient water harvesting structures. Improvement required for increasing the productivity of land and financial estimates for land development were also presented in Tables 4.3 and 4.4.

4.2 Water Resources and Management

The important water resources identified in the district are as under:

4.2.1 River

There are two main rivers, Beas and Sutlej flowing through the district. Sutlej enters in the district near ‘Firnu village in Chawarsigarh and forms the boundary of the district in the east and south. The main tributaries of this river are Khaled, Bhagwati, Bantehr, Siwan Behna, Kattu, Bagra, Bahlu and Siun. The Beas enters Mandi from the eastern side at village near Largi where

66

Sainj and Tirthan streams join the river. At Pandoh, the water of Beas has been diverted through a channel to join the Sutlej and electricity is being generated at Dehar. Larji project is also under construction on this river for electricity production. The important rivulets (Khads) of the Beas on the north bank are Uhl, Luni and Rina and from south bank are Suketi, Jiuni, Bakhli, Sone, Ramoli and Bakkar Khad. The water of Uhl is being used to generate the electricity at Joginder Nagar (Shanan and Bassi Project).

4.2.2 Lakes and Tanks

There are two famous lakes in the district, Rewalsar and Prashar Lake.

Rewalsar Lake

It is situated at an altitude of 1,360 meters, 25 k.m away from Mandi town. It is square shaped with a square shoreline of 735 m and this dark jewel rests on a mountain spur and is protected by dense vegetation. In Rewalsar, its spirit is said to reside in the tiny island of floating reed that drifts over the water.

Prashar Lake

This lake is situated at an altitude of 2,730 meters, 40 k.m. away from Mandi town. The deep blue water at this beautiful lake is held sacred to the sage Prashar. A three tiered Pagoda-like temple dedicated to the sage lies by the lake - 'rishi' Prashar is said to have meditated here. Its remarkable setting is enhanced by a frame of snow draped peaks visible from the lake's edge, the water of the river Sutlej flows towards south.

4.2.3. Ground Water Resources

The ground water resources availability and utilization have been given in Table 4.5 and Map 4.1. It may be visualized from the table that in Balh valley of Mandi district during monsoon season, the recharge from rainfall is 2,991 ha m and recharge from other sources is 29 ha m. And the corresponding figures for the non-monsoonal season are 792 and 58 ha m, respectively. Thus, total recharge during the year is 3,870 ha m which forms around 9 per cent of the state total. For example, net annual ground water availability in Balh valley of Mandi district is 3,483 ha m as against the annual requirement of 781 ha m, indicating thereby enough availability of ground water in the area.

The ground water availability for future irrigation will be around 2,458 ha m. The projected demand for ground water for domestic and industrial uses up to 2,025 will be at 679 ha m. as against the present demand of 434 ha m.

67

LegendMap 4.1 Ground Water User Map, District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

68

District Mandi

Wellsfeasible

Rigssuitable

Depth of well (m)

Discharge(lpm)

Suitableartificialrecharge

structures

Soft rock aquifers

Tube well

Dug well

Percussion&

percussioncum rotary

Manual

100-120

10-20

1,200-2,500

300-500 Check dam, Check dam cum

ground water dam, Recharge

shaft

Hard rock aquifers

Bore well

Dug well

Springdevelopment

DTH with odex

Manual

100-150

10-20

1,000-2,000

300-500

30-2,000

Thrust 5 Water level contour (m bgl)

(Pre -mmonsoon decadal mean, 1993-2002) Fault/lineament

Major drainage

Hot water spring (500C)

• Spring

Tehsil boundary

District boundary

State boundary

Other Information

Total Area 3,950 sq.km No. of Tehsils/sub tehsils 16 Major drainage Beas, Satluj Population 9,00,987 (2001 Census) Rainfall 1,136 mm Temperature 1° C to 35° C Regional geology Siwaliks, Alluvium, Metamorphics Ground Water quality Good, EC <750 mhos/cm at 250CUtilizable ground water resources 21.36 mcm (Balh valley) Stage of ground water development 22.47% (Balh valley) Water shed/tehsil showing intensive ground water development

Nil

69

4.3 Cropping System and Cropping Pattern

Rainfed farming system is the traditional practice followed by the farmers. Maize-wheat, maize+pulses-wheat, maize-barley, maize-pea, maize-potato, paddy-wheat, pulses based, oilseed based, vegetable based, spices based and chari-berseem were the important cropping systems being followed in the district under unirrigated and irrigated conditions (Table 4.6). Out of these, the main cropping systems followed by the farmers were maize-wheat, maize-barley, maize-pea, maize-potato, paddy-wheat, oilseed based and vegetable based. Block –wise cropping pattern presented in Table 4.7 reveals that maize, paddy and wheat were the important crops of the area covering an area of 34.48, 14.83 and 47.01 per cent, respectively of the total area of cereals in the district. Moreover, area under cereals covered nearly 75 per cent of the total cultivated area indicating the importance of cereals to the economy of the district. When we look across the blocks’ data, the maximum area under maize was found in Sadar block, while maximum area under wheat and paddy was observed in Karsog and Gopalpur, respectively. The pulse in terms of area was not much important crop in the district, as shown by the data. It covered only less than 2 per cent of the total cultivated area. Among the pulses, rajmash occupied the first rank by accounting for 53 per cent of the area under pulses. The mash was also found an important pulse of the district covering 33.44 per cent of the area. Mash and rajmash were mainly grown in Karsog and Drang blocks. In third order, the vegetable cultivation was another important group of crops in the district as indicated by its area under cultivation (3.48 per cent of the total area). Among the vegetables, potato (37.18 per cent) was the most important crop followed by peas (34.05 per cent), cabbage (10.92 per cent) and tomato (9.76 per cent). The other vegetables being grown were cauliflower, cucurbits, beans, capsicum, okra (bhindi), radish, etc. According to the area under oilseeds, it has no significant impact on the rural economy. Oilseeds covered less than 2 per cent of the area. Among the field crops, next to cereals, fruit cultivation/plantation was an important crop in the district, covering 17.74 per cent of the total cultivated area. The important fruit plants found in the district were apple, other fruit, citrus, mango, dry fruit, plum, pomegranate, etc. The apple accounted for 45 per cent of the area followed by other fruit (31.63 per cent), citrus (14.36 per cent) and mango (9.86 per cent). The spice crops like ginger, garlic and turmeric were also very important crops in the district covering an area of 954, 979 and 130 ha, respectively.

4.4 Input Use and Gaps

The use of seed rates per unit of area displayed in Table 4.8 reveals that in case of most important cereal crops like maize, wheat and paddy was higher than the recommended in almost all the blocks. The seed rate applied by the farmers varied from block to block. For example, in case of maize crop, the seed rate varied from 30kg/ha to 57 kg/ha, implying thereby 50 to 185 per cent higher than recommended. Similarly, farmers used more quantity of wheat seed varying from 8 to 59 per cent than recommended one.

70

In case of mash, the farmers were generally using higher seed rate in all the blocks. As regards Rajmash and Kulthi, seed rate was higher in some blocks (except Seraj and Karsog) than recommended. For oilseed crops like sarson, linseed, toria and sesame, the seed rates used were also on higher side. Similar to other crops, the seed rate of potato also varied from block to block. It was higher in blocks like Balh, Gohar, Seraj, Karsog, Gopalpur and Dharmpur while in other blocks the seed rate was lower than recommended. An examination of Table 4.8 reveals that in case of vegetables the farmers were using higher seed rate. This might be due to the several reasons such as low moisture condition in the fields, late sowing and perception of farmers that when they used more seeds they can harvest good crop yielding more production. However, few farmers in the district were following recommended seed rate. This indicates that recommended growth promoting technology has already made beginning by percolating among the farmers though at a low pace and as such still there is need to gear up extension services to educate more and more farmers. The use and requirement of chemical fertilizers and gaps were examined and depicted in Table 4.9. It can be seen from the table that the quantity of fertilizer used was slightly lower than the quantity required in almost all the blocks whereas in case of farm yard manure, the farmers applied more than the recommended. Bio-fertilisers were being used in Sundernagar only and their quantity applied was found less than the recommended one.

4.5 Yield Gap Analysis

Output gaps were also estimated, the results of which for different crops have been shown in Table 4.10. It can be seen from the table that the average yields obtained by the farmers of the same locations from maize, paddy and wheat was 23 quintals in each crop, which was around 46 per cent lower than the yields of progressive farmers of the district. In case of different blocks of the district, huge yield gap were observed and it ranged between 3 to 35 quintals per ha in maize, 6 to 31 quintals per ha in paddy and 7 to 29 quintals per ha in wheat crop whereas in case of oilseed crops the yield gap was 1 to 13 quintals per ha. The yield gap of potato at the district level was 73 quintals per ha. Various vegetables showed a yield gap of 17 to 121 quintals per ha at district level.

4.6 Reasons for Gap

The reasons pinpointed by the farmers for yield gaps included low level of inputs used such as plant protection materials, imbalanced use of fertilizer, lack of technological know-how, inadequate and untimely supply of inputs, besides unassured irrigation, wild/stray animals menace, etc.. In case of seeds, their use was mostly on higher side than recommended levels. It was a deliberate attempt of farmers to avoid the risk of germination, the drought effect and partially due to the practice of thinning the crop at the latter stage to use it as a fodder.

4.7 Farm Mechanization

The farm machinery like wheat thresher of moderate size available in the market was liked and

71

adopted by the farmers as its number increased in the district as well as in different blocks. It is difficult to make use of presently available machinery due to its non suitability to hill condition. For example, large sized tractors having more horse power generally available in the market are not compatible to hilly condition due to undulating topography, small and scattered holdings, high running cost, etc. which has halted the growth of them use in the district, except in few blocks . The substitute for it is iron plough, generally used by more than 70 per cent of the cultivators (Table 4.11). Spray pumps use was very common since these are required in fruit crops; however, their use in field crops was low. The use of tractors was high in Gopalpur and Balh block (40 -50 per cent). However, tractors and power tillers were less used in other blocks due to smaller size of holdings and height of bunds from one field to another. The use of traditional chaff cutters was not uncommon where its use varied from 6 – 40 per cent among different blocks.

4.8 Ongoing Schemes for Agriculture and Rural Development

Table 4.12 shows that water harvesting, soil conservation, other agricultural schemes were the important schemes operative in all the blocks of the district. There were 967 schemes of water harvesting in the district covering 1,867 villages and about 6,000 families. The whole district has 309 schemes on soil conservation covering 172 villages and benefiting 3,124 families in 8 blocks. The major irrigation projects are handled by IPH Department and minor irrigation schemes are run by Department of Agriculture. The status of existing irrigation schemes and funds required for their repair and maintenance are shown in Tables 4.13a & b and 4.14. Various research projects being run by both the state agricultural universities on field crops, fruit, forestry and spices are common for the development of the district.

4.9 Varietal and Technological Problems

The major problems encountered in the cultivation of cereals, pulses, vegetables and other crops have been given in Tables 4.15 to 4.17. The common problems found in the district were low yield due to weeds and local seed varieties, pest and diseases and animal menace. The required interventions for these crops to tackle farmer’s problems are also given in the table for all the blocks of the district.

4.10 Extension Gaps

Estimated yields and yield gaps in crops termed as Yield Gap I and Yield Gap II have been shown in Table 4.18. The yield Gap I is the difference of recommended or experimental station yield from the actual/average yield. The yield Gap II is the difference of average actual farm yield from the maximum yield obtained by the progressive farmers of the same locality. Quite high differences (gaps) were observed in both the cases.

72

4.11. Extension Interventions

In order to bridge the gaps observed in the average yields obtained by average farmers and the progressive farmers, the following interventions are needed:

� Provision of adequate quantity of quality inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers, plant protection material/measures by improving and strengthening delivery system


� Promotion of integrated nutrient management through vermi-composting, popularization of bio-fertiliser and other ameliorants in addition to judicious and balanced nutrients to crops. Strengthening and improvement of quality control infrastructure (seed, pesticides and fertilizer testing laboratories).

� Promotion of micro-irrigation for efficient management and delivery of required quantities of water as per crop needs.

� Promotion of mechanization conducive to hill farming and equipments and implements to reduce drudgery of the women folk.

� Promotion of protected cultivation along with supporting infrastructure for quality production of high value cash crops.

� Checking stray and wild animals menace to improve farming conditions and incomes of the farmers.

� Strengthening the existing marketing infrastructure like construction of village link roads, ropeways, market collection points, early completion of proposed regulated markets at critical points for high value cash crops including vegetables and fruit.

� Provision of irrigation facilities to rainfed areas and water harvesting to create water potential for irrigation and to augment ground water level.

4.12 Researchable Issues

Issues Relating to Breeding

� Breeding of fish specie that can sustain in the toxic water of paddy fields.

� Standardization of production technology of hybrids of cereals, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds.

Issues Relating to Pest & Diseases

� Development of pest forecasting modules for rice leaf folder

73

� Formulation of biointensive IPM strategies for the management of

xii) Helicoverpa armigera (tomato and gram)

xiii) Fruit flies (cucurbits and tomatoes)

xiv) White grubs (potato, maize, peas, ginger, cabbage etc)

xv) Cut worms (cereals and vegetables)

xvi) Stem borer, leaf folder, hispa and plant hoppers (rice)

xvii) Diamondback moth and cabbage caterpillar (cole crops)

xviii) Leaf miner and pod borer (peas)

xix) Hairy caterpillar (mash, til, soybean

xx) Termites (cereals and vegetables)

xxi) Stem borer and aphids (maize)

xxii) Plant parasitic nematodes (cereals and vegetables)

� Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-friendly pest management

� Pesticide residue analysis in vegetables and determination of MRLs for consumer safety

� Germplasm screening for resistance against major insect pests (cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables).

� Survey and surveillance for identification of new invasion of insect pests in the state

� Safe management alternatives for the stored grain pests

Issues Relating to Soil Improvement, Irrigation, Crop Diversification

� Evaluation of resource conservation technologies (like conservation tillage, deficit water management, pressurized irrigation systems, nutrient-water interaction studies,

recycling of waste organic residues etc.) for irrigated and rain fed areas

� Issues related to increasing water productivity of stored water through crop diversification and soil and water management practices

� Encouraging farmers to practise intercropping with suitable crops to check soil erosion, weed control and enhance productivity.

� Initiation of programmes to control wild/stray animal menace adversely affecting the growth of agriculture.

� Promotion of weed and shrubs management technologies that are cost effective and yield promoters.

� Nutrient indices development for improvement of soil health

74

� Development of practices for organic farming under different cropping systems.

� Development of technology for integrated nutrient management in vegetables.

Table 4.1 Block - wise Land Utilization Pattern (ha)

Sr.No.

Block Geographical area (ha)

Pastures & grazing land

Cultivable area (ha)

Cultivated area (ha)

Cultivable waste (ha)

Currentfallow (ha)

1 Sadar 60,507 15,965 17,148 12,062 376 204 2 Balh 22,415 4,079 15,390 10,416 400 107 3 Sundernagar 42,410 12,964 16,112 8,730 589 837 4 Gohar 35,815 8,117 12,186 6,838 140 68 5 Seraj 49,695 9,606 12,013 10,613 150 173 6 Karsog 58,565 16,945 12,529 11,756 857 89 7 Gopalpur 22,260 6,120 9,314 9,043 474 684 8 Dharmapur 26,743 12,563 8,167 7,963 316 166 9 Chauntra 23,847 5,835 13,435 7,018 593 562

10 Drang 52,801 9,341 10,135 7,486 441 564 District 3,95,058 1,01,535 1,26,429 91,925 4,336 3,454

Source: Field Survey, 2007-08

75

Tab

le 4

.2 a

Pro

blem

s fo

r L

and

Dev

elop

men

t (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Pro

blem

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

F

ores

ts

Pro

duct

ive

Wee

ds

- 50

40

-

- -

20

20

- -

Wee

ds a

nd b

ushe

s -

50

40

- -

-

20

- -

Ani

mal

pro

blem

-

- 60

-

- -

20

- -

- Ir

riga

tion

- -

20

- -

- 20

-

- 14

.28

Qua

lity

seed

-

- 20

-

- -

20

- -

42.8

6 U

ncon

solid

ated

la

nd

- 16

.67

- 10

0 20

-

40

- -

57.1

4 So

il er

osio

n -

33.3

3 -

100

100

33.3

3 20

-

- -

Roc

ky,

diff

icul

t te

rrai

n -

- -

- 80

33

.33

- -

33.3

3 -

Fire

16

.67

16.6

7 -

- 80

-

- -

- -

Illic

it fe

lling

16.6

7 -

- 80

-

- -

- -

Def

ores

tatio

n 40

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

Deg

rade

d R

ocky

, w

eeds

an

d bu

sh

- 33

.33

40

- 80

-

20

40

83.3

3 -

Stee

p ge

ogra

phy

- 33

.33

20

- 20

16

.67

20

20

33.3

3 -

Les

s ar

ea

- -

- -

- -

20

20

- -

Obn

oxio

us w

eeds

-

16.6

7 80

-

- -

- 20

-

- Fi

re

- 16

.67

- -

60

- -

- -

- Il

licit

felli

ng

- 16

.67

- -

60

- -

- -

- D

efor

esta

tion

- 16

.67

- -

- 33

.33

- -

- -

Soil

eros

ion

-

- -

- 33

.33

- -

- -

Bar

ren

and

uncu

ltiv

able

land

R

ocky

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- R

ocky

and

ste

ep

66.6

7 -

20

- 80

50

-

40

- 14

.28

Roc

ky

- -

20

- -

- -

- -

- St

eep

geog

raph

y -

- -

- -

- -

40

- -

Obn

oxio

us w

eeds

-

- 20

-

- -

20

- -

- L

and

slid

es

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

- W

ild a

nim

als

- 16

.67

- -

- -

20

- -

-

76

Dif

ficu

lt to

man

age

- 16

.67

- -

80

- -

- -

- B

arre

n ro

cky

land

-

-

100

- -

- -

16.6

7 28

.57

Poor

qu

ality

gr

asse

s -

83.3

3 60

-

- 16

.67

40

20

83.3

3 57

.14

Roc

ky,

wee

ds

and

bush

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- R

oads

/pat

hs/c

hann

els

Lac

k of

te

chni

cal

know

-ho

w

- -

40

- 40

16

.67

- -

- -

Nar

row

pa

ths

and

kuch

ha c

hann

els

- -

- 10

0 40

-

- -

- -

Cul

tura

ble

was

te

Wee

d/bu

sh in

fest

ed

Wee

ds

- 66

.67

60

- -

- 20

80

-

- W

eed

and

bush

66

.67

50

60

100

80

33.3

3 60

20

-

- N

on a

vaila

bilit

y of

ir

riga

tion

- -

40

- -

- -

- -

- A

nim

al m

enac

e M

onke

ys

- -

80

100

- 83

.33

20

60

- 28

.57

Wild

boa

r -

- 20

-

- 33

.33

80

20

- -

Stra

y an

d w

ild

anim

al

50

- 60

10

0 40

33

.33

40

40

- -

Dif

ficu

lt to

man

age

Hig

h co

st

of

prod

uctio

n -

- 60

-

20

- -

60

- -

Stri

ngy

anim

als

- -

40

- 40

-

- 20

-

- L

ow p

rodu

ctio

n -

- 20

-

- -

- 20

-

- R

oads

lack

ing

- -

- -

20

- -

- -

- P

erm

anen

t pas

ture

s an

d ot

her

graz

ing

land

s P

rodu

ctiv

e Sh

allo

w la

nd

- -

60

- -

- -

80

- -

Roc

ky a

nd s

teep

-

- 20

-

- -

-

- 42

.86

Low

pro

duct

ion

- -

60

- 10

0 -

- 20

-

28.5

7 L

acki

ng

impr

oved

gr

ass

stra

ins

- -

- -

100

16.6

7 -

- 50

57

.14

Roc

ky

- -

- -

80

- -

- 16

.67

- W

eeds

and

bus

hes

33.3

3 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

77

Deg

rade

d W

eed

and

bush

y 33

.33

16.6

7 20

75

10

0 66

.67

40

80

66.6

7 42

.87

Slop

py

50

33.3

3 20

25

40

16

.67

20

20

16.6

7 -

Les

s pr

oduc

tive

33.3

3 50

60

40

16

.67

- Fl

oods

and

land

sl

ides

-

- -

50

- -

- -

- -

No

gras

ses

- 16

.67

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tra

ditio

nal g

rass

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- U

nder

mis

c tr

ee c

rops

and

gro

ves

Unp

rodu

ctiv

e 16

.67

- 60

-

- -

- 20

-

14.2

8 U

nwan

ted

tree

s 16

.67

- 60

75

-

- -

- -

14.2

8 A

nim

al p

robl

em

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Dis

ease

and

ins

ect-

pest

s -

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- F

allo

w la

nd

Cur

rent

fallo

w

Rai

nfed

33

.33

- 80

-

60

- -

60

16.6

7 -

Shal

low

land

-

- -

- 60

-

- 20

-

- D

roug

ht

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

- -

- B

ushy

are

a -

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- O

ther

fallo

w

Rai

nfed

-

- -

- 20

-

- 20

-

- R

ainf

ed >

80%

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- M

argi

nal l

and

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

- -

- C

ulti

vate

d la

nd

Rai

nfed

>50

%

- -

80

- -

33.3

3 -

60

33.3

3 -

Shal

low

an

d un

irri

gate

d -

- 40

10

0 20

33

.33

- 40

-

- D

isea

se a

nd i

nsec

t-pe

sts

- -

40

- 20

-

- -

- -

Fros

t -

- -

- -

- 20

-

- 28

.57

Hill

y te

rrai

n -

- -

- -

- -

- -

28.5

7 Sc

atte

red

hold

ings

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

57.1

4 Ir

riga

tion

16.6

7 50

-

- -

33.3

3 -

- -

- L

and

slid

es

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Uni

rrig

ated

and

la

ck o

f im

prov

ed

vari

etie

s 33

.33

- -

- -

- -

- -

- So

urce

: Fie

ld S

urve

y, 2

007-

08

78

Tab

le 4

.2 b

Int

erve

ntio

ns fo

r L

and

Dev

elop

men

t (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Inte

rven

tion

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

F

ores

ts

Pro

duct

ive

Impr

oved

gra

sses

-

- 40

-

80

- -

40

- -

Aw

aren

ess,

tr

aini

ng

and

dem

onst

ratio

n -

50

60

- -

- -

- -

- Ir

riga

tion

faci

litie

s -

- 20

-

- -

- -

- -

Prop

er p

rote

ctio

n -

- -

- -

- 20

-

- -

Soil

cons

erva

tion

- -

- 10

0 10

0 33

.33

40

- -

14.2

8 C

heck

dam

s, r

oads

-

- -

100

100

33.3

3 20

-

- 14

.28

HY

V's

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

57.1

4 C

onso

lidat

ion

of la

nd

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 57

.14

Aff

ores

tatio

n 10

0 50

-

- -

50

- -

Deg

rade

d

A

ffor

esta

tion

- 50

40

-

80

83.3

3 20

40

16

.67

- Pl

uggi

ng

- 33

.33

40

- 80

33

.33

20

20

- -

Impr

oved

gra

sses

-

16.6

7 60

-

80

33.3

3 20

20

-

- Fr

uit p

lant

atio

n -

- -

- -

33.3

3 -

- -

- B

arre

n an

d un

cult

ivab

le la

nd

Roc

ky

Plug

ging

and

pla

ntat

ion

- 16

.67

60

- 60

33

.33

- 40

-

14.2

8 Im

prov

ed

gras

ses

and

plan

tatio

n of

m

edic

inal

an

d ar

omat

ic p

lant

-

66.6

7 40

10

0 80

-

- 20

-

- H

erbs

66

.67

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

Con

tour

bu

ndin

g,

land

le

velin

g, r

ecla

mat

ion

- -

10

0 -

- 20

-

- -

Frui

t pla

ntat

ion

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Lan

d pu

t to

non-

agri

use

s B

uild

ings

A

war

enes

s -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- R

oads

/pat

hs/c

hann

els

Aw

aren

ess

- -

40

- 40

16

.67

- -

- -

Bro

aden

ing

and

mel

ting

of

path

s an

d pu

cca

chan

nels

-

- -

100

- -

- -

- -

79

Cul

tura

ble

was

te

Wee

d/bu

sh in

fest

ed

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Era

dica

tion

66.6

7 10

0 80

10

0 80

33

.33

80

80

- -

Cul

tivat

ion

66.6

7 10

0 20

10

0 80

16

.67

40

-

- Fr

uit p

lant

atio

n 66

.67

66.6

7 40

-

- -

- 20

-

- Ir

riga

tion

faci

litie

s -

- 40

-

- -

-

- -

Ani

mal

men

ace

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Polic

y 50

-

60

-

83.3

3 60

60

-

28.5

7 Fe

ncin

g -

- 20

10

0 40

33

.33

80

60

- 28

.57

Low

co

st

prod

uctio

n al

tern

ativ

e -

- 60

-

20

33.3

3 -

20

- 14

.28

Mon

key

cont

rol

- -

- -

16

.67

-

- -

Dif

ficu

lt to

man

age

- -

- -

-

-

- -

Alte

rnat

ive

- -

40

- 20

-

- 40

-

- L

ow

cost

pr

oduc

tion

alte

rnat

ive

- -

60

- 20

-

- 40

-

- C

rop

plan

ning

-

- 20

-

-

- 20

-

- A

war

enes

s -

- -

- 20

-

- -

- -

Roa

d co

nstr

uctio

n -

- -

- 20

-

- -

- -

Fenc

ing

- -

- -

20

- -

- -

- P

erm

anen

t pas

ture

s an

d ot

her

graz

ing

land

s P

rodu

ctiv

e

W

HS-

Wat

er

harv

estin

g st

ruct

ure

- -

40

- 80

-

- 20

-

42.8

5 Su

itabl

e gr

ass

33.3

3 -

60

- 10

0 -

- 20

-

42.8

5 Im

prov

ed g

rass

es

- -

- -

100

16.6

7 -

20

50

57.1

4 D

egra

ded

- -

- -

-

- -

- -

Era

dica

tion

50

- 20

-

40

- -

80

- 28

.57

Plan

tatio

n of

im

prov

ed

gras

ses

50

33.3

3 20

50

60

16

.67

- 40

16

.67

100

Mul

tipur

pose

tree

s 50

-

-

60

16.6

7 -

20

- 71

.42

Che

ck d

ams

-

- 50

-

- -

-

U

nder

mis

c tr

ee c

rops

and

gro

ves

Mul

tiple

pur

pose

tree

33

.33

- 40

75

-

- -

20

- 14

.28

Frui

t pla

ntat

ion

33.3

3 -

80

75

- -

- -

- 14

.28

Fenc

ing

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Dis

ease

man

agem

ent

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

80

Fal

low

land

C

urre

nt fa

llow

Su

itabl

e va

riet

ies

33.3

3 -

80

- 60

-

- 60

-

- T

ube

wel

ls

- -

- -

60

- -

- 16

.67

- Ir

riga

tion

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

- -

- M

ultip

le p

urpo

se tr

ee

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Oth

er fa

llow

Fl

ow ir

riga

tion

sche

me

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Lif

t irr

igat

ion

sche

me

- -

- -

20

- -

- -

- W

ater

har

vest

ing

stru

ctur

e -

- -

- 20

-

- -

- -

Rec

lam

atio

n, p

lant

atio

n of

pu

lses

an

d im

prov

ed

gras

ses

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

- -

- C

ulti

vate

d la

nd

Irri

gatio

n fl

ow

irri

gatio

n sc

hem

e/W

HS/

Lif

t ir

riga

tion

sche

me/

wat

er

use

effi

cien

cy

33.3

3 10

0 40

10

0 60

20

60

50

28.5

7 A

war

enes

s

80

10

0 80

16

.67

40

60

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g st

ruct

ure

16.6

7 10

0 40

10

0 80

16

.67

40

40

16.6

7 -

Suita

ble

vari

etie

s 16

.67

- -

- 20

-

80

20

33.3

3 -

Con

tour

ing

need

ed

- -

- -

- 66

.67

20

20

16.6

7 71

.43

Irri

gatio

n f

acili

ty

33.3

3 -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Soil

cons

erva

tion

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

81

Tab

le 4

.3: I

mpr

ovem

ent N

eede

d to

Inc

reas

e th

e P

rodu

ctiv

ity

of L

and

(ha)

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t L

and

leve

ling

8,15

7 77

2 4,

918.

8 1,

598

2,23

8 6,

394

3,31

8 13

5 3,

138

774

31,4

42

Con

tour

bun

ding

and

terr

acin

g 5,

445

- 3,

001.

4 52

4.3

2,89

5 3,

856

- -

4,

062

- 19

,784

Fe

ncin

g (l

engt

h in

m)

8,16

4 69

1 10

,704

1,

014

1,48

9 1,

525

12,4

52

45,2

61

- -

81,3

01

Rec

lam

atio

n -

8.5

4,79

1.4

2,68

9 1,

176

846.

1 -

- -

1,12

0 10

,630

C

heck

dam

(L

engt

h in

m)

6,15

7 9,

511

8,32

2.2

17,8

38

25,2

78

13,6

40

51,2

20

- 58

.42

65,2

99

1,97

,325

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

Tab

le 4

.4: F

inan

cial

Est

imat

es fo

r L

and

Dev

elop

men

t (R

s. L

akh)

Sr N

o P

arti

cula

r Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

1 B

arre

n an

d un

cult

ivab

le la

nd

R

ocky

/sto

ny/s

lopp

y 10

0 25

10

0 12

5

150

40

50

60

50

700

2 L

and

put t

o no

n-ag

ricu

ltur

al u

ses

R

oads

/pat

hs/c

hann

els

- -

- 25

0 -

- -

- -

- 25

0 3

Cul

tura

ble

was

te

W

eed/

bush

infe

sted

12

0 10

0 95

47

0 11

5 45

0 10

0 90

10

5 95

1,

765

A

rea

pron

e to

ani

mal

m

enac

e 25

50

50

50

-

150

50

50

50

50

575

St

ray

cattl

e 20

-

20

- -

- -

- -

- 40

Wild

boa

rs

25

- 25

-

- -

- -

- -

50

4 P

erm

anen

t pa

stur

es

and

othe

r gr

azin

g la

nds

80

60

65

207

80

225

60

100

75

70

1,02

2

D

egra

ded

So

il w

ater

co

nser

vati

on

95

50

75

275

40

275

60

80

50

50

1,05

0

5 L

and

unde

r m

isce

llane

ous

tree

cr

ops

and

grov

es

55

20

55

40

25

38

260

45

38

44

600

6 F

allo

w la

nd

28

- 25

15

-

- -

- -

- 68

Cur

rent

fal

low

28

25

15

- -

- -

- -

68

T

otal

57

6 30

5 53

5 1,

447

260

1,28

8 57

0 41

5 37

8 35

9 6,

133

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

82

Tab

le 4

.5 G

roun

d W

ater

Res

ourc

es A

vaila

bilit

y, U

tiliz

atio

n an

d St

age

of D

evel

opm

ent

(ha

m)

Par

ticu

lar

Man

di

(Bal

h V

alle

y)

Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Ann

ual R

eple

nish

able

Gro

und

Wat

er R

esou

rce

Mon

soon

sea

son

R

echa

rge

from

rai

nfal

l 2,

991

32,7

21

R

echa

rge

from

oth

er s

ourc

es

29

760

Non

- mon

soon

sea

son

R

echa

rge

from

rai

nfal

l 79

2 7,

794

R

echa

rge

from

oth

er s

ourc

es

58

1,51

1 T

otal

3,

870

42,7

85

Nat

ural

dis

char

ge d

urin

g no

n-m

onso

on s

easo

n 38

7 4,

279

Net

ann

ual g

roun

d w

ater

ava

ilabi

lity

3,48

3 38

,507

A

nnua

l gro

und

wat

er d

raft

Ir

riga

tion

347

9,12

2 D

omes

tic a

nd in

dust

rial

use

s 43

4 2,

490

Tot

al

781

11,6

12

Proj

ecte

d de

man

d fo

r do

mes

tic a

nd in

dust

rial

use

s up

to 2

025

679

4,13

1 G

roun

d w

ater

ava

ilabi

lity

for

futu

re ir

riga

tion

2,45

8 25

,255

St

age

of g

roun

d w

ater

dev

elop

men

t (%

) 22

30

83

Tab

le 4

.6 M

ajor

Cro

ppin

g Sy

stem

s

Cro

ppin

g se

quen

ce

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Uni

rrig

ated

M

aize

-whe

at

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

� M

aize

+pul

ses-

whe

at

� -

� -

� �

- -

- �

� M

aize

-bar

ley

� �

- �

� �

� �

� �

� M

aize

-pea

�

� �

� �

� -

- -

� �

Mai

ze-p

otat

o -

- �

- �

� -

� �

� �

Pota

to-f

allo

w-

whe

at (

bien

nial

) -

- -

- �

- -

- -

� �

Mai

ze-t

oria

-w

heat

-

- -

- �

- -

- -

- �

Cha

ri-b

erse

em

� �

- -

- -

- -

�

� Pa

ddy-

whe

at

� �

� -

- �

� �

� �

� Pa

ddy-

barl

ey

- �

- -

- -

- -

- -

� Pu

lses

bas

ed

� �

- -

� �

- �

� �

� O

ilsee

d ba

sed

� �

- -

� �

� �

� �

� V

eget

able

bas

ed

� �

� -

� �

� �

� �

� Su

garc

ane

base

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Spic

es b

ased

�

- -

- -

� -

� �

- �

Fing

er

mill

et

base

d -

- -

- -

- -

� �

- �

Whe

at -

tom

ato

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- W

heat

- g

inge

r-

pota

to

- -

� -

- -

- -

- -

� O

ther

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Irri

gate

dM

aize

-whe

at

� �

� �

- -

� -

� �

� M

aize

+pul

ses-

whe

at

� -

� -

- -

- -

- �

� M

aize

-bar

ley

� �

- �

- -

- -

� �

� M

aize

-pea

�

� �

� -

� -

- -

- �

Mai

ze-p

otat

o -

- �

- -

- -

- -

� �

84

Pota

to-f

allo

w-

whe

at (

bien

nial

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

� �

Mai

ze-t

oria

-w

heat

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

� �

Cha

ri-b

erse

em

� �

- �

- -

- -

� �

� Pa

ddy-

whe

at

� �

� �

- �

� �

� �

� Pa

ddy-

barl

ey

- -

- �

- -

- -

� -

� Pu

lses

bas

ed

� �

- -

- �

- -

- �

� O

ilsee

d ba

sed

� -

- -

- �

- -

� �

� V

eget

able

bas

ed

- -

� -

- �

� -

� �

� Su

garc

ane

base

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Spic

es b

ased

�

- -

- -

� �

- �

- �

Fing

er

mill

et

base

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Whe

at -

tom

ato

- -

� -

- -

- -

- -

� W

heat

- g

inge

r-

pota

to

- -

� -

- -

- -

- -

� O

ther

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

85

Tab

le 4

.7 C

ropp

ing

Pat

tern

(ha)

Cro

p Sa

dar

Bal

h S

Nag

ar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t C

erea

l M

aize

8,

605.

27

6,83

8.59

4,

893.

14

5,13

5.38

1,

979.

55

8,29

2.99

5,

599.

78

639.

68

1,92

9.60

4,

767.

60

48,6

81.5

8 Pa

ddy

2,43

2.07

3,

172.

20

2,91

2.56

62

1.23

-

1,93

3.91

4,

396.

43

1,43

3.60

2,

381.

60

1,65

8.40

20

,942

.00

Whe

at

9,50

8.68

8,

594.

01

6,97

1.72

4,

562.

47

3,94

6.84

12

,989

.3

9,40

4.58

1,

038.

56

4,43

0.80

4,

926.

00

66,3

73.0

0 B

arle

y 59

5.53

39

0.96

16

4.61

27

7.58

72

2.76

42

4.73

13

7.76

36

.24

369.

41

719.

02

3,83

8.60

B

uckw

heat

-

- -

72

.00

21.0

0 -

- -

- 93

.00

Mill

ets

5 3

5 -

81.0

0 2

5 7.

28

3 7

118.

28

Tot

al

21,1

46.6

18

,998

.8

14,9

47.0

10

,596

.7

6,80

2.2

23,6

63.9

19

,543

.6

3,15

5.4

9,11

4.4

12,0

78.0

1,

40,0

46.5

G

reen

Fod

der

75

231

145

170

- 19

22

5 11

5 75

11

0 1,

165.

00

Pul

ses

Ron

gi

3 2.

5 3

1.5

0.5

2.2

2.5

4.86

2.

5 3

25.5

6 M

ash

30.5

0 11

8.83

10

1 37

.00

36.0

0 58

3.33

57

.81

15.1

2 31

20

2.51

1,

213.

10

Moo

ng

- 5

3 -

- -

- -

- -

8 R

ajm

ash

542.

00

- 15

7.58

18

.50

282.

85

546.

43

- -

- 37

4.80

1,

922.

16

Gra

m

21

89.7

6 31

-

- -

11

13

11

8 18

4.76

L

entil

2

77.5

2 97

.22

- -

- 3

2.56

5

3 19

0.30

K

ulth

i 5

3.40

5

2 9.

00

7 3

4 3

5 46

.40

Tot

al

608.

5 30

0.01

40

2.8

59

328.

35

1,14

0.96

82

.31

46.8

2 55

.5

603.

31

3,62

7.56

O

ilsee

dsSe

sam

e 11

3

19.6

0 -

- -

2 3

2 5

45.6

0 Sa

rson

8.

95

41

37

17

9 21

37

15

5

25

215.

95

Tor

ia

5 25

23

-

- -

15

11

- -

79

Lin

seed

-

- -

- -

- -

- 45

2.80

91

.43

544.

23

Gob

hi S

arso

n 3

5 3

- -

3 2

2 7

7 32

T

otal

27

.95

74

82.6

17

9

24

56

31

466.

8 12

8.43

91

6.78

V

eget

able

s Po

tato

61

.5

32.6

5 61

4.52

20

2.41

80

6.92

99

.41

17.5

1.

09

0.57

60

0.44

2,

437

Peas

24

4 71

13

1 74

0 50

2 14

7 35

20

22

31

8 2,

230

Tom

ato

123

110

86

52

35

55

35

15

32

97

640

Cab

bage

15

2 0.

00

20

30

445

12

6 35

1

15

716

Cau

liflo

wer

12

0 63

25

26

15

0 10

6

23

5 8

436

Bea

ns

47

32

35

11

5 15

63

16

7

12

243

Cap

sicu

m

76

35

13

9 60

7

4 18

10

10

24

2 B

hind

i 97

53

8

6 2

11

13

12

12

21

235

86

Bri

njal

23

23

15

4

2 3

8 5

5 9

97

Cuc

urbi

ts

75

37

29

11

5 7

31

45

10

25

275

Oni

on

95

30

13

7 2

18

25

12

10

63

275

Gar

lic

162

45

16

35

5 30

10

9

3 31

34

6 R

adis

h, T

urni

p,

Car

rot

93

35

5 7

3 12

35

49

7

52

298

Oth

er

vege

tabl

es

173

29

87

13

31

30

59

30

41

28

521

Tot

al

1,48

0 56

3 48

3 95

1 1,

247

357

330

289

165

689

6,55

4 F

ruit

pla

nts

App

le

3,39

1 31

89

2 2,

058

3,89

6 4,

663

0.00

0.

00

4 25

8 15

,193

Pl

um

1,00

4 42

8 22

8 41

8 85

10

3 14

9 10

6 10

5 16

8 2,

794

Peac

h 22

6 84

47

46

15

40

48

79

84

96

76

5 A

pric

ot

43

29

12

29

34

27

8 15

27

16

24

0 Pe

ar

310

196

154

225

134

208

216

174

88

102

1,80

7 C

herr

y 6

6

12

1

25

Kiw

i 3

6

6 4

10

3 1

33

Pom

ergr

anat

e 28

13

30

20

10

31

20

15

17

14

19

8 O

live

5 5

10

Pe

rsim

mon

45

13

10

28

18

16

6

6 19

15

17

6 A

lmon

d 29

7 11

6 10

0 62

96

50

8 60

57

97

11

6 1,

509

Wal

nut

293

52

51

43

113

99

48

36

149

132

1,01

6 Pe

can

nut

48

37

38

58

45

37

26

26

54

18

387

Man

go

702

468

511

20

3 68

41

8 74

4 32

8 54

5 3,

807

Litc

hi

43

16

61

3

35

26

39

34

25

7 G

uava

96

60

68

59

10

64

76

63

88

72

65

6 A

nole

15

10

1

3

9

29

16

6 89

Ja

ckfr

uit

4 10

2

21

28

14

5

84

Papa

ya

4 2

7

1

3 4

3 3

27

Gra

pes

1

1

1 1

4 O

rang

e 91

96

33

55

7 67

83

10

5 95

63

2 K

inno

w

1

34

1

3

1 54

6

100

Mal

ta

15

56

19

7

2 8

4 20

13

14

4 M

usam

bi

1 1

2 1

2 1

13

4 25

B

/Lim

e 41

0 1

63

2 92

1 47

0 21

39

6 1,

456

K/L

ime

6 37

2 20

5 20

259

368

14

105

16

1,36

5 G

al g

al

56

48

167

2 17

13

60

57

72

41

53

3 O

ther

s 3

5 4

1 3

2 2

1 1

5 27

T

otal

7,

146

2,15

6.0

2,73

8.00

3,

169.

00

4,58

1.0

6,17

0.00

1,

655.

00

2,04

0.0

1,52

6.00

2,

178.

0 33

,359

87

Spic

es

Gin

ger

163.

48

8.84

33

9.57

9.

25

- 12

2.00

31

0.37

-

- 0.

91

954.

42

Gar

lic

156.

16

37.2

3 -

81.7

7 15

2.55

29

4.02

15

2.93

-

0.53

10

4.00

97

9.19

T

urm

eric

21

15

17

9

- 7

16

17

15

13

130

Flow

er c

uts

- -

- 53

.65

- -

3.28

-

- -

56.9

3 T

ea

- -

- -

- -

- -

25

- 25

V

eget

able

N

urse

ry

1.63

-

- -

- -

- -

0.27

-

1.89

M

edic

inal

45

-

- -

75

- -

- -

120

240

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

88

Tab

le 4

.8 S

eed

Use

, Req

uire

men

t and

Gap

(kg/

ha)

Cro

p Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

Mai

ze

49

21

-28

38

22

-16

30

20

-10

57

20

-37

41

20

-21

50

21

-29

Padd

y 70

26

-4

4 12

0 97

-2

3 49

37

-1

2 42

38

-6

0

0 0

43

29

-16

Whe

at

122

111

-11

133

106

-27

125

125

0 14

4 10

0 -4

4 14

2 10

0 -4

2 12

3 11

7 -6

Bar

ley

89

111

22

125

100

-25

129

125

-4

137

100

-37

165

100

-65

124

124

0

Buc

kwhe

at

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

19

25

6 -

- -

Ron

gi

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 25

25

0

Mill

ets

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

6 13

7

- -

-

Ber

seem

-

- -

25

13

-12

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Mas

h 25

20

-5

30

20

-1

0 -

- -

25

20

-5

44

20

-24

23

20

-3

Raj

mas

h 12

9 10

0 -2

9 -

- -

125

75

-50

- -

- 77

10

6 29

70

75

5

Gra

m

- -

- 43

40

-3

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Len

til

- -

- 38

25

-1

3 40

38

-2

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

Kul

thi

- -

- 25

19

-6

-

- -

- -

- 56

20

-3

6 -

- -

Sesa

me

19

5 -1

4 -

- -

10

5 -5

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sars

on

19

6 -1

3 -

- -

- -

- 12

6

-6

6 6

0 5

5 0

Tor

ia

- -

- -

- -

13

6 -6

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sunf

low

er

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Lin

seed

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Gob

hi s

arso

n -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Pota

to

2,30

0 1,

925

-375

1,

061

1974

91

3 2,

131

1,87

5 -2

56

1,84

7 2,

500

653

2,10

3 2,

500

397

1,52

2 1,

875

353

Peas

10

5 75

-3

0 10

8 84

-2

4 13

7 87

-5

0 66

11

5 49

11

3 34

-7

9 78

75

-3

Tom

ato

0.48

0.

59

0.11

0.

50

0.27

-0

.23

1.14

0.

25

-0.8

9 -

- -

- -

- 0.

89

0.51

-0

.38

Cab

bage

0.

62

0.62

0.

00

0.73

0.

62

-0.1

1 0.

31

0.25

-0

.06

- -

- 0.

15

0.88

0.

73

0.75

0.

75

0

Cau

liflo

wer

0.

60

0.62

0.

02

0.74

0.

54

-0.2

0 0.

31

0.25

-0

.06

- -

- 0.

21

0.75

0.

54

0.75

0.

75

0

89

Bea

ns

- -

- -

- -

104

75

-29

- -

- 81

75

-6

75

75

0

Cap

sicu

m

- -

- -

- -

- 0

0 -

- -

- -

- 1

0 0

Bhi

ndi

- -

- 22

18

-4

31

13

-1

9 -

- -

- -

- 25

19

-6

Bri

njal

-

- -

0.50

0.

25

-0.2

5 1.

00

0.75

-0

.25

- -

- -

- -

0.50

0.

50

0.00

Cuc

urbi

ts

- -

- 5.

12

4.00

-1

.12

6.25

4.

00

-2.2

5 0.

00

- -

- -

- -

- -

Gin

ger

1,87

5 2,

000

125

2,50

0 2,

000

-500

3,

612

1,87

5 -1

,737

1,

563

2,00

0 43

7 -

- -

625

1,00

0 37

5

Gar

lic

539

613

74

234

188

-46

- -

0 48

8 62

5 13

7 66

0 60

0 -6

0 63

0 61

6 -1

4

Tur

mer

ic

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Oni

on

9 10

1

15

10

-5

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 8

8 0

Rad

ish

- -

- -

- -

6 8

1 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

90

Tab

le 4

.8 C

ontd

…..

Cro

p G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

U

sed

Req

uire

dG

ap

Use

d R

equi

red

Gap

U

sed

Req

uir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equi

red

Gap

U

sed

Req

uire

d G

ap

Mai

ze

31

20

-11

36

20

-16

42

25

-17

36

22

-14

41

21

-20

Padd

y 12

5 10

0 -2

5 16

8 11

7 -5

1 12

8 10

0 -2

8 11

7 63

-5

4 96

67

-2

9

Whe

at

150

100

-50

179

120

-59

94

100

6 10

8 10

0 -8

13

2 10

8 -2

4

Bar

ley

150

100

-50

153

124

-29

110

88

-22

101

100

-1

128

107

-21

Buc

kwhe

at

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

19

25

6

Ron

gi

- -

- 38

19

-1

9 -

- -

- -

- 31

22

-9

Mill

et

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

6 13

7

Ber

seem

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 25

13

-1

2

Mas

h 25

20

-5

34

20

-1

4 -

- -

38

20

-18

30

20

-10

Moo

ng

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

0 0

0 0

0

Raj

mas

h -

- -

- -

- -

- -

50

38

-12

90

89

-1

Gra

m

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

0 0

43

40

-3

Len

til

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

0 0

39

31

-8

Kul

thi

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0

0 0

41

19

-22

Sesa

me

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14

3 -1

1

Sars

on

13

6 -7

-

- -

31

6 -2

5 4

2 -2

13

4

-9

Tor

ia

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

13

6 -7

Lin

seed

-

- -

- -

- 11

3 75

-3

8 50

40

-1

0 81

58

-2

3

Gob

hi s

arso

n -

- -

17

6 -1

1 -

- -

- -

- 17

6

-11

Pota

to

1,91

1 2,

500

589

1,54

3 1,

943

400

2,25

0 2,

000

-250

2,

893

2,17

5 -7

19

1,95

6 2,

127

171

Peas

70

78

8

125

81

-44

75

63

-12

73

69

-4

95

69

-26

Tom

ato

0.63

0.

50

-0.1

3 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

0.73

0.

42

-0.3

1

Cab

bage

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0.

51

0.62

0.

11

Cau

liflo

wer

3.

18

2.61

-0

.57

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 0.

97

0.92

-0

.05

91

Bea

ns

38

31

-6

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 75

64

-1

1

Cap

sicu

m

- -

- -

- -

1 1

0 -

- -

1 0

0

Bhi

ndi

25

18

-7

0 0

0 28

19

-9

-

- -

26

17

-9

Bri

njal

0.

75

0.16

-0

.59

- -

- 1.

13

0.88

-0

.25

- -

- 0.

78

0.51

-0

.27

Cuc

urbi

ts

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5.69

4.

63

-1.0

6

Gin

ger

1,64

7 2,

000

353

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 1,

970

1,81

3 -1

57

Gar

lic

591

586

-5

- -

- 68

8 60

0 -8

8 54

0 46

3 -7

7 54

6 53

6 -1

0

Tur

mer

ic

- -

- 2,

500

2,50

0 0

- -

- -

- -

2,50

0 2,

500

0

Oni

on

- -

- -

- -

13

9 -4

-

- -

11

9 -2

Spin

ach

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Rad

ish

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

6 8

2

Col

ocas

ia

- -

- 2,

596

2,00

0 -5

96

- -

- -

- -

2,59

6 2,

000

-596

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

92

Tab

le 4

.9 F

erti

lizer

Use

, Req

uire

men

t and

Gap

s, 2

007-

08 (t

onne

s)

Fer

tiliz

er

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

dR

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Ure

a 16

0 97

-6

3 71

10

6 35

14

4 15

6 12

95

10

7 12

14

412

5 -1

9 54

14

1 87

CA

N

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 36

66

30

IFFC

O

146

181

35

78

143

65

211

153

-58

133

150

17

67

100

33

48

157

109

MO

P -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

9 10

1

SSP

- -

- 67

80

13

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

19

65

46

Ver

mi-

co

mpo

st

4,17

6 7,

250

3,07

4 -

- -

- -

- 9,

211

25,0

69

15,8

58

- -

- 3,

386

5,28

01,

894

FYM

16

,783

24

,666

7,

883

5,31

5 8,

194

2,87

9 28

,903

26,1

03

-2,8

00

17,4

70

20,0

00

2,53

0 -

- -

11,2

0 810

,313

-895

B

io-

fert

ilize

r -

- -

- -

- 36

6 54

8 18

2 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Con

td…

4.9

Fer

tiliz

er

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equi

red

Gap

U

sed

Req

u-ir

edG

ap

Use

d R

equ-

ired

Gap

Ure

a 13

4 10

0 -3

4 -

- -

113

222

110

85

101

16

1,00

0 1,

156

156

CA

N

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 1.

44

- -

37

66

29

IFFC

O

75

125

50

- -

- 10

0 25

0 15

0 13

8 17

9 41

99

5 1,

438

443

MO

P -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 9

10

1 SS

P -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 86

14

5 59

V

erm

i-

com

post

1,

103

8,27

5 7,

172

- -

- 94

5 2,

000

1,05

5 -

- -

18,8

21

47,8

74

29,0

53

FYM

6,

006

2,06

,87.

3 14

,682

-

- -

5,50

9 10

,000

4,

491

11,9

84

23,0

43.8

11

,060

1,

03,1

78

1,43

,007

39

,829

B

io-

fert

ilize

rs

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

366

548

182

Not

e: O

n th

e ba

sis

of a

ctua

l use

and

req

uire

men

t of

Panc

haya

ts

So

urce

: Fie

ld S

urve

y, 2

007-

08

93

Tab

le 4

.10

Yie

ld G

aps

in I

mpo

rtan

t Cro

ps (q

/ha)

Cro

p Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

C

erea

l

M

aize

26

56

30

23

44

21

27

38

11

28

63

35

29

56

27

21

44

23

Pa

ddy

29

35

6 24

44

20

25

44

19

27

43

16

16

25

9

19

50

31

Whe

at

26

44

18

22

38

16

21

50

29

18

38

20

27

44

17

30

44

14

Bar

ley

13

20

7 14

25

11

18

22

4

14

32

18

21

31

10

9 19

10

B

uckw

heat

6

9 3

5.5

10

4.5

Mill

ets

4 6

2 5

7 2

5 7

2

4 6

2 4

6 2

Ber

seem

as

fodd

er

350

500

150

450

600

150

400

550

150

350

400

50

30

0 40

0 10

0

Pul

ses

Ron

gi

7 15

8

6 15

9

6.5

14

7.5

5 13

8

5 10

5

5 16

11

M

ash

7 11

4

8 10

2

9

12

3 8

13

5 14

19

5

6 15

9

Raj

mas

h 12

18

6

17

19

2

9 16

7

15

19

4 14

19

5

Gra

m

7 10

3

8 12

4

8 11

3

L

entil

7

13

6 9

15

6 9

14

5 0

0

Kul

thi

9 13

4

13

19

6 10

15

5

9 13

4

8 10

2

9 14

5

Oils

eeds

Se

sam

e 4

6 2

5 7

2 6

9 3

0

Sa

rson

6

8 2

7 9

2 6

8 2

7 10

3

6 11

5

6 19

13

T

oria

5

6 1

6 7

1 5

7 2

4 5

1 4

5 1

4 6

2 L

inse

ed

Gob

hi s

arso

n 6

9 3

7 10

3

6 8

2

5

7 2

Veg

etab

les

Pota

to

130

250

120

194

250

56

149

188

39

138

225

87

107

188

81

94

188

94

Peas

91

14

8 97

71

14

8 11

7 75

11

3 38

79

12

5 46

50

75

25

59

10

0 41

T

omat

o 20

7 35

0 14

3 26

5 43

8 17

3 27

6 41

3 13

7 24

3 37

5 13

2 26

5 35

0 85

12

6 25

0 12

4 C

abba

ge

156

250

94

189

225

36

225

250

25

189

245

56

105

250

145

176

245

69

Cau

liflo

wer

20

3 27

5 72

16

3 22

5 62

16

8 21

3 45

15

0 25

0 10

0 10

5 27

0 16

5 16

0 20

0 40

B

eans

62

10

0 38

81

98

17

75

11

3 38

69

89

20

90

12

5 35

10

3 12

4 21

94

Cap

sicu

m

118

125

7 12

5 13

5 10

75

11

0 35

11

8 12

9 11

90

12

5 35

11

3 13

2 19

O

kra

(Bhi

ndi)

98

11

5 17

11

7 13

2 15

11

3 12

5 12

10

1 12

5 24

88

11

5 27

10

6 12

5 19

B

rinj

al

200

235

35

196

243

47

188

250

62

179

205

26

210

220

10

180

225

45

Cuc

urbi

ts

240

350

110

262

400

138

225

438

213

250

376

126

228

240

12

200

239

39

Oni

on

125

200

75

125

150

25

145

205

60

179

220

41

132

213

81

138

210

72

Spic

es

Gin

ger

133

150

117

100

125

25

65

175

110

88

138

50

50

12

5 75

G

arlic

13

1 31

3 18

2 38

12

5 87

113

250

137

183

250

67

169

250

81

Tur

mer

ic

150

240

90

165

245

80

155

240

85

135

190

55

0 12

5 19

5 70

T

ea

Con

td...

4.1

0

Cro

p G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

A

P

G

Cer

eal

M

aize

22

25

3

14

31

17

19

38

19

18

38

20

22.7

43

.3

20.6

Pa

ddy

23

31

8 16

31

15

25

63

38

17

31

14

22

.1

39.7

17

.6

Whe

at

23

30

7 14

31

17

31

63

32

17

50

33

22

.9

43.2

20

.3

Bar

ley

12

13

1 12

19

7

13

30

17

14

33

19

14

24.4

10

.4

Buc

kwhe

at

5.75

9.

5 3.

75

Mill

et

8

11

3

5.

2 7.

4 2.

2 B

erse

em a

s fo

dder

35

0 37

5 25

30

0 35

0 50

35

0 40

0 50

35

0 40

0 50

35

5.56

44

1.67

86

.11

Pul

ses

R

ongi

7

15

8 4

10

6 5

13

8 4

9.5

5.5

5.45

13

.05

7.6

Mas

h 3

9 6

4 5

1 6

6 0

8 10

12

7.

8 12

.5

4.7

Raj

mas

h

17

19

2 14

.00

18.3

3 4.

33

Gra

m

8 12

4

8 12

4

7 10

3

7 11

4

7.57

11

.14

3.57

L

entil

8

13

5 5

9 4

7 10

3

6 9

3 7.

29

11.8

6 4.

57

Kul

thi

11

14

3 10

13

3

8 12

4

7 11

4

9.4

13.4

4

Oils

eeds

Se

sam

e 4

5 1

4 5

1 4

5 1

3 5

2 4.

29

6.00

1.

71

95

Sars

on

5 8

3 5

7 2

5 9

4 8

9 1

6.1

9.8

3.7

Tor

ia

4.67

6.

00

1.33

L

inse

ed

3 5

2 3

4 1

3.00

4.

50

1.50

G

obhi

sar

son

5 7

2 8

13

5 6

9 3

6 9

3 6.

125

9 2.

875

Veg

etab

les

Po

tato

15

4 18

8 34

76

16

7 91

10

0 15

0 50

11

0 18

8 78

12

5.2

198.

2 73

Pe

as

86

110

24

63

100

37

63

100

37

44

60

16

68.1

10

7.9

39.8

T

omat

o 21

2 32

5 11

3 18

6 26

5 79

22

5 34

6 12

1 19

8 30

0 10

2 22

0.3

341.

2 12

0.9

Cab

bage

22

3 14

3 -8

0 16

5 22

5 60

17

9 23

6 57

20

0 25

0 50

18

0.7

231.

9 51

.2

Cau

liflo

wer

15

9 22

5 66

14

5 23

5 90

20

0 26

5 65

18

5 23

9 54

16

3.8

239.

7 75

.9

Bea

ns

72

85

13

95

110

15

76

125

49

101

125

24

82.4

10

9.4

27

Cap

sicu

m

126

130

4 98

11

6 18

11

5 12

5 10

10

5 13

5 30

10

8.3

126.

2 17

.9

Bhi

ndi

130

140

10

110

135

25

81

113

32

97

129

32

104.

1 12

5.4

21.3

B

rinj

al

163

215

52

201

218

17

188

215

27

201

220

19

190.

6 22

4.6

34

Cuc

urbi

ts

159

200

41

189

210

21

162

209

47

197

227

30

211.

2 28

8.9

77.7

O

nion

11

0 19

5 85

12

4 23

0 10

6 20

5 23

5 30

15

7 22

6 69

14

4 20

8.4

64.4

Sp

ices

Gin

ger

66

100

34

83

.7

135.

5 51

.83

Gar

lic

198

260

62

0 0

0 16

0 25

0 90

11

6 20

5 89

11

0.8

190.

3 79

.5

Tur

mer

ic

145

200

55

145

195

50

115

175

60

120

175

55

139.

4 20

6.1

66.6

7 T

ea

0

0 50

75

25

0

50.0

75

.0

25

A-a

vera

ge, P

-Pro

gres

sive

, G-G

ap

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

96

Tab

le 4

.11

Far

m M

achi

nery

: Use

and

Gap

(No.

)

Mac

hine

ry

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t M

aize

she

ller

%

use

rs

62

93

75

49

7 32

24

9

26

14

39

Exi

stin

g 64

7 78

2 49

0 32

4 45

0 31

7 18

9 96

42

0 33

3 4,

048

Req

uire

d 4,

778

2,99

2 1,

307

173

563

1047

29

7 28

5,

200

1,57

3 17

,958

Gap

4,

131

2,21

0 81

7 -1

51

113

730

108

-68

4,78

0 1,

240

13,9

10

Thr

eshe

r

% u

sers

88

10

0 53

61

22

85

98

10

0 88

75

77

Exi

stin

g 85

4 95

2 64

7 26

8 69

0 1,

017

410

130

453

1,13

3 6,

554

Req

uire

d 93

5 1,

183

1,04

5 14

8 1,

260

1,32

2 36

9 27

38

0 20

0 6,

869

Gap

81

23

1 39

8 -1

20

570

305

-41

-103

-7

3 -9

33

315

Tra

ctor

%

use

rs

32

39

61

7 10

7

51

1 31

3

24

Exi

stin

g 32

9 31

6 78

4 62

75

92

36

9 8

280

80

2,39

5

Req

uire

d 53

9 29

3 29

4 56

24

8 45

8 16

4 16

20

0 80

2,

348

Gap

21

0 -2

3 -4

90

-6

173

366

-205

8

-80

0 -4

7

Iron

plo

ugh

%

use

rs

71

140

42

81

64

83

93

83

70

70

80

Exi

stin

g 16

,155

11

,008

18

,212

11

,664

14

,569

20

,232

12

,300

2,

312

13,3

67

11,3

71

1,31

,190

Req

uire

d 15

,911

9,

053

8,49

3 3,

848

20,8

13

23,4

85

9,22

5 1,

800

5,10

0 4,

667

1,02

,395

Gap

-2

44

-1,9

55

-9,7

19

-7,8

16

6,24

4 3,

253

-3,0

75

-512

-8

,267

-6

,704

-2

8,79

5

Spra

y pu

mp/

po

wer

spr

ayer

% u

sers

39

68

11

73

29

26

23

6

41

29

34

Exi

stin

g 1,

276

1,46

1 95

4,

125

465

2,75

5 20

0 41

22

7 17

9 10

,822

Req

uire

d 1,

570

1,19

8 2,

247

1,31

1 95

6 7,

428

348

102

510

270

15,9

40

Gap

29

5 -2

63

2,15

3 -2

,814

49

1 4,

672

149

61

283

92

5,11

8

97

Cha

ff c

utte

r

% u

sers

13

29

38

22

1

40

38

6 15

10

17

Exi

stin

g 1,

244

1,22

4 3,

932

629

90

407

2,15

3 12

8 35

2 28

0 10

,439

Req

uire

d 5,

002

3,44

3 5,

292

3,02

2 3,

656

14,5

18

3,77

2 87

2 2,

120

743

42,4

40

Gap

3,

758

2,21

9 1,

360

2,39

3 3,

566

14,1

11

1,61

9 74

4 1,

768

463

32,0

01

Pow

er ti

ller

%

use

rs

3 2

-2

3 -

- -

9 2

3

Exi

stin

g 61

12

8 -

37

90

- -

- 72

40

42

8

Req

uire

d 85

4 21

4 -

37

225

- -

- 21

3 17

0 1,

713

Gap

79

3 86

-

0 13

5 -

- -

141

130

1,28

5

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

98

Table 4.12 Existing Block Level Schemes for Agriculture Development

Block No. of schemes

Village covered

Beneficiary families

(No.)

Total budget (Rs Lakh)

Additional funds required

(Rs. Lakh) Centreshare

Stateshare

Water Harvesting Sadar 5 20 189 15 - -

Balh 444 125 1,225 10 - -

Sundernagar 14 65 275 10.0 - -

Gohar 2 1 15 - 0.2 -

Seraj 4 4 48 3.84 - -

Karsog 3 88 103 12 - -

Gopalpur 1 1 30 14.54 1.62 -

Dharmpur 477 1,503 1,684 175.8 19.2 75

Chauntra 10 60 2,430 352 721 -

Drang 7 - - - 11.53 -

Total 967 1,867 5,999 593.18 32.55 75 Soil/ Land Conservation

Sadar 13 25 417 11.81 - -

Balh 5 5 25 05 - -

Sundernagar 12 18 356 11.31 - 50

Gohar - - - - - -

Seraj 19 22 198 - 13.5 -

Karsog 3 57 450 06 - -

Gopalpur 40 40 800 - 40 20

Dharmpur 212 - 843 175.8 19.2 -

Chauntra - - - - - -

Drang 5 5 35 - 3 -

Total 309 172 3,124 209.92 75.7 70 Other Agricultural Schemes (TASP)

Sadar - - - - - -

Balh 8 180 8,000 11 - -

Sundernagar - - - - - -

Gohar - - - - - -

Seraj 18 388 17,423 40.5 4.5 -

Karsog 7 - 1,500 06 -

Gopalpur 1 - - 200 - -

Dharmpur 3 - 0.1 10.64 3.55 -

Chauntra - - - - - -

Drang - - - - - -

Total 37 568 26,923.1 262.14 8.05 -


99

Tab

le 4

.13

a St

atus

of C

ompl

eted

Irr

igat

ion

Sche

mes

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

6 16

7

10

2 1

6 2

2 5

57

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

12,0

00

245

114

80

52.5

40

0 12

9 0

30

11.8

13

,063

Vill

ages

cov

ered

75

27

40

8

27

3 10

8

2 10

21

0

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) 10

,000

1,

644

120

22

135

60

- 25

0 65

0 35

0 13

,231

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

442

1,04

4 52

2 96

23

5

513

465

325

189

3,62

3

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

430

628.

45

254

80

19

5 45

0 19

0 17

5 18

9 2,

420

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

- -

20

- -

- -

- 1

3 24

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

390.

7 -

- -

- -

- 25

41

6

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- 12

-

- -

- -

- 17

29

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- 90

-

- -

- -

- 3,

000

3,09

0

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

490.

86

- -

- -

- -

- 49

1

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

356.

75

- -

- -

- -

- 35

7

Kuh

l

Num

ber

16

22

19

70

9 20

51

32

37

26

30

2

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

5,00

0 13

4 12

3 14

4 14

3 18

16

0 80

.5

- 25

5,

827

Vill

ages

cov

ered

28

39

60

40

13

6 12

5 60

36

-

26

597

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) 2,

300

831

228

1,44

0 67

6 2,

500

704

540

- 1,

135

10,8

54

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

380

570

723

521

459

500

785

465

- 59

5 4,

999

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

350

324

- 33

2 29

1 40

0 70

0 20

8 -

595

3,20

0

Can

al I

rrig

atio

n

Num

ber

- 1

- -

- -

- -

1 -

2

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 1,

200

- -

- -

- -

- -

1,20

0

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

29

- -

- -

- -

- -

29

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

10

0

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 2,

410

- -

- -

- -

- -

2,41

0

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 2,

410

- -

- -

- -

70

- 2,

480

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

25

60

18

17

6 20

-

90

2,43

0 -

2,66

6

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

100

4.8

1 5.

5 3.

95

20

- 41

33

2 -

508.

25

Vill

ages

cov

ered

45

60

32

20

6

20

- 16

60

-

259

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

75

- 25

0 69

75

-

104

2,43

0 -

3,00

3

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 5

- 40

19

20

-

530

2,85

0 -

3,46

4

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 5

- 40

-

20

- 53

0 1,

500

- 2,

095

Oth

ers

Num

ber

- 40

-

- -

- -

60

- -

100

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 8

- -

- -

- -

- -

8

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

40

- -

- -

- -

- -

40

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

40

- -

- -

- -

- -

40

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 1.

5 -

- -

- -

- -

- 1.

5

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 1.

5 -

- -

- -

- -

- 1.

5

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

10

1

Tab

le 4

.13

b St

atus

of F

unct

iona

l Irr

igat

ion

Sche

mes

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

6 13

5

10

2 1

6 1

1 5

50

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

20,0

00

200.

76

81.6

9 78

.79

52.5

40

0 -

- -

- 20

,813

.74

Vill

ages

cov

ered

75

23

-

7 27

3

- -

- -

135

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) 10

,000

13

24

- 21

6 13

5 60

-

- -

- 11

,735

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

441.

76

874.

42

255.

8 93

.22

22.5

5

- -

- -

1,69

2.7

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

430

628.

45

- 79

.7

19.1

2 5

- -

- -

1,16

2.27

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

- -

19

- -

- -

- -

3 22

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

371.

17

- -

- -

- -

- 37

1.17

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

479.

53

- -

- -

- -

- 47

9.53

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l N

umbe

r 2

21

19

12

8 20

17

31

37

19

18

6

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

500

133.

89

122.

67

139.

79

115

18

- -

- -

1,02

9.35

Vill

ages

cov

ered

28

38

-

38

75

125

- -

- -

304

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) 2,

300

696

- 1,

440

336

2,50

0 -

- -

- 7,

272

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

380

548

722.

97

503.

79

211.

92

500

- -

- -

2,86

6.68

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 32

4.3

- 33

1.89

18

8 40

0 -

- 15

00

- 2,

744.

19

Can

al I

rrig

atio

n N

umbe

r -

1 -

- -

- -

- 1

- 2

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 1,

200

- -

- -

- -

- -

1,20

0

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

29

- -

- -

- -

- -

29

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tab

le 4

.13

b C

ontd

…..

10

2

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 2,

410

- -

- -

- -

- -

2,41

0

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 2,

410

- -

- -

- -

70

- 2,

480

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

25

60

18

14

- 20

-

90

1500

-

1,72

7

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

100

4.8

1 5.

5 -

20

- 41

-

- 17

2.3

Vill

ages

cov

ered

45

60

-

20

- 20

-

- -

- 14

5

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

75

- 25

0 -

75

- -

- -

400

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 5

- 40

-

20

- 30

5 -

- 37

0

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 5

- 40

-

20

- 30

5 -

- 37

0

Oth

er

Num

ber

- 40

-

5 -

- -

- -

- 45

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 8

- 3

- -

- -

- -

11

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

40

- 5

- -

- -

- -

45

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

40

- 10

-

- -

- -

- 50

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 1.

5 -

15

- -

- -

- -

16.5

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- 1.

5 -

15

- -

- -

- -

16.5

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

10

3

Tab

le 4

.13

c St

atus

of N

on-F

unct

iona

l Irr

igat

ion

Sche

mes

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

- 3

2 1

- -

- 1

1 -

8

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 44

.65

32.6

8 1.

5 -

- -

- -

- 78

.83

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

4 -

1 -

- -

1 -

- 6

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

320

- 6

- -

- -

- -

326

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 17

0 26

6.57

2.

45

- -

- 21

2 -

- 65

1.02

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

- -

7 -

- -

- -

1 -

8

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

19.5

3 -

- -

- -

- -

19.5

3

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

11.3

3 -

- -

- -

- -

11.3

3

Kuh

l

Num

ber

3 1

- 1

3 -

34

6 -

- 48

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

60

- -

3.85

47

-

- 12

0 -

- 23

0.85

Vill

ages

cov

ered

6

1 -

2 41

-

- 1

- -

51

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) 50

0 -

- -

290

- -

330

- -

1120

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

80

22

- 17

.75

110.

7 -

- 22

-

- 25

2.45

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

80

- -

- 95

.3

- -

0 -

- 17

5.3

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

- -

- 10

-

- -

30

930

- 97

0

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 1.

5 -

- -

15

- -

16.5

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

10

- -

- 30

-

- 40

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

21

- -

- 15

0 -

- 17

1

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- 30

-

- -

- -

- 30

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 30

-

- -

- -

- 30

10

4

Oth

er

Num

ber

- -

- 2

- -

- -

- -

2

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 4

- -

- -

- -

4

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

5 -

- -

- -

- 5

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

15

- -

- -

- -

15

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- 10

-

- -

- -

- 10

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 10

-

- -

- -

- 10

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

Tab

le 4

.13

d St

atus

of O

ngoi

ng I

rrig

atio

n Sc

hem

es

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

- -

16

1 1

- -

1 -

- 19

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 23

.43

25

- -

- -

- 48

.43

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

1 15

-

- 2

- -

18

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

36

75

- -

150

- -

261

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

328.

94

14.4

8 14

-

- 40

0 -

- 75

7.42

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 14

.48

11.1

9 -

- -

- -

25.6

7

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

- -

3 -

- -

- -

- -

3

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Kuh

l

Num

ber

- -

8 1

- 8

- -

- -

17

10

5

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 12

.2

- 8

- -

- -

20.2

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

2 -

8 -

- -

- 10

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

33

- 8

- -

- -

41

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- 50

.33

- 10

-

- -

- 60

.33

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 50

.33

- 8

- -

- -

58.3

3

Can

al I

rrig

atio

n

Num

ber

- 1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- 6,

500

- -

- -

- -

- -

6,50

0

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

67

- -

- -

- -

- -

67

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- 2,

780

- -

- -

- -

- -

2,78

0

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

- -

- 7

- 40

-

1 -

- 48

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 5.

5 -

35

- 19

.99

- -

60.4

9

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

20

- 40

-

1 -

- 61

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

250

- 40

-

- -

- 29

0

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- 40

-

30

- 15

-

- 85

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 40

-

30

- -

- -

70

Oth

er

Num

ber

- -

- 5

- -

- 3

- -

8

Am

ount

spe

nt (

Rs.

Lak

h)

- -

- 5

- -

- 2

- -

7

Vill

ages

cov

ered

-

- -

5 -

- -

3 -

- 8

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

10

- -

- 17

-

- 27

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

- 15

-

- -

4 -

- 19

Act

ual i

rrig

ated

are

a (h

a)

- -

- 15

-

- -

4 -

- 19

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

10

6

Tab

le 4

.14

Irri

gati

on S

chem

es:

Fun

ds fo

r R

epai

r an

d M

aint

enan

ce (R

s. L

akh)

Par

ticu

lars

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Fun

ctio

nal

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

4 16

7

4 -

1 6

1 -

5 44

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d 20

0 50

78

.5

12

- 25

20

10

-

35

430.

5

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

10

,000

20

0 78

1 35

-

500

150

200

- -

11,8

66

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

- 7

20

- -

- -

- -

3 30

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d -

10.5

73

-

- -

- -

- 10

93

.5

Fund

s re

quir

ed 1

0 yr

s -

30

730

- -

- -

- -

- 76

0 K

uhl

Num

ber

10

23

24

12

2 28

17

7

15

23

161

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d 50

20

10

8.5

42

8.8

20

24

7.5

7.5

27.6

31

5.9

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

40

0 50

1,

081

120

104

200

124.

5 35

0 14

-

2,44

3

Can

al I

rrig

atio

n

Num

ber

- 1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d -

25

- -

- -

- -

- -

25

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

-

500

- -

- -

- -

- -

500

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

- -

- 5

- 60

-

- 53

0 -

595

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d -

- -

50

- 6

- -

2.5

- 58

.5

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

-

- -

50

- 60

-

- 50

-

160

Non

-fun

ctio

nal

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

- 2

2 2

- -

- 1

- -

7

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d -

- 35

-

- -

- 80

-

- 11

5

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

-

50

20

- -

- -

200

- -

270

10

7

Tub

e W

ells

Num

ber

-

1 -

- -

- -

- -

1

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d

- 20

-

- -

- -

- -

20

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

- 35

-

- -

- -

- -

35

Kuh

l

Num

ber

-

50

1 2

- 34

-

- -

87

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d

- 50

-

8.8

- -

- -

- 58

.8

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

- 50

0 10

10

4 -

296

- -

- 91

0

Can

al I

rrig

atio

n

Num

ber

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tan

k Ir

riga

tion

Num

ber

- -

7 5

- -

- -

- -

12

Ann

ual f

unds

req

uire

d -

- 1.

75

0.5

- -

- -

- -

2.25

Fund

s re

quir

ed i

n 10

yrs

-

- 17

.5

0.5

- -

- -

- -

18

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

10

8

Tab

le 4

.15

a V

arie

tal a

nd T

echn

olog

ical

Pro

blem

s of

Cer

eal,

Pul

se a

nd O

ilsee

d C

rops

(Per

Cen

t of P

anch

ayat

s)

Cro

p/pr

oble

m

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Cer

eals

Mai

ze

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

wee

ds

50

33.3

3 -

- -

- 80

80

-

28.5

7 L

oggi

ng, i

rrig

atio

n 50

33

.33

-10

0 20

-

40

80

- -

Dis

ease

s an

d in

sect

s 33

.33

16.6

7 60

-

100

16.6

7 -

60

-14

.28

Impr

oper

pla

nt s

tand

-

16.6

7 -

- -

- 20

20

-

- U

se o

wn

seed

>50%

-

- -

100

- -

- 20

-

- H

igh

dens

ity

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

20

-28

.57

Wild

and

str

ay a

nim

als

- 33

.33

40

-60

16

.67

- -

100

28.5

7 L

odgi

ng

- -

20

- -

- -

- -

- Im

bala

nced

use

of

fert

ilize

rs

-33

.33

- -

20

33.3

3 60

-

- -

Lac

k of

rec

omm

ende

d va

riet

ies

50

66.6

7 -

- 10

0 66

.67

- -

66.6

7 42

.85

Pad

dy

Low

yie

ld d

ue t

o lo

cal

vari

etie

s -

33.3

3 20

75

-

50

-60

66

.67

14.2

8

Dis

ease

s 33

.33

50

40

75

16

.67

100

60

14

.28

Hea

vy in

fest

atio

n of

in

sect

-pes

ts

-16

.67

20

75

- -

60

60

33.3

3 14

.28

Wee

d in

fest

atio

n -

-

- -

- -

60

14

.28

Rai

nfed

-

33.3

3 -

- -

33.3

3 -

20

16.6

7 14

.28

Low

yie

ld in

upl

and

-

- -

-

-20

St

ray

anim

als

-16

.67

20

- -

- -

- 33

.33

14.2

8 L

ack

of h

ybri

ds

-16

.67

- -

- 16

.67

- -

16.6

7 -

Imba

lanc

ed u

se o

f fe

rtili

zers

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

-

Zin

c de

fici

ency

16

.67

-

-

- -

- -

- W

heat

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

loca

l va

riet

ies

83.3

3 33

.33

20

100

100

16.6

7 20

40

50

57

.14

10

9

Wee

ds

- -

- 10

0 -

- -

60

28

.57

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

dr

ough

t

16.6

7 20

-

- -

- 20

33

.33

-

Dis

ease

s 10

0 50

20

-

100

16.6

7 60

20

-

42.8

5 L

ow y

ield

due

to r

ain

fed

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-20

-

-

Stra

y an

imal

s -

- 20

-

- -

- -

- -

Rus

t -

16.6

7 -

- -

33.3

3 20

-

- -

Fert

ilize

r no

t ava

ilabl

e at

tim

e -

16.6

7 -

- -

33.3

3 -

- 50

14

.28

Lac

k of

com

poun

d fe

rtili

zers

-

- -

- 60

16

.17

- -

16.6

7 14

.28

Rai

nfed

-

- -

-

50

- -

- -

Bar

ley

- -

- -

- -

- -

Loc

al v

arie

ties

and

low

yi

eld

-50

20

10

0 80

33

.33

-10

0 66

.67

42.8

5

Stra

y an

imal

s -

16.6

7 20

-

80

-

- -

14.2

8

Lac

k of

impr

oved

va

riet

ies

-16

.67

- -

100

16.6

7 -

- 33

.33

14.2

8

Dis

ease

s -

- -

- 80

16

.67

- -

- 14

.28

Rai

nfed

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Pul

ses

Low

yie

ld

-16

.67

-75

-

33.3

3 60

60

28.5

7

Blis

ter

beet

le

- -

20

75

- -

- 20

Lac

k of

sui

tabl

e va

riet

ies

33.3

3 50

-

75

100

50

-40

66

.67

28.5

7

Dis

ease

and

inse

ct-p

est

inci

denc

e -

33.3

3 20

-

80

-40

60

-

42.8

5

Loc

al v

arie

ties

-16

.67

- -

- -

- 40

16

.67

42.8

5

Stra

y an

imal

s -

20

-

- -

- -

- -

Gro

wn

in n

egle

cted

fi

elds

-

33.3

3 -

- -

- 40

-

- -

Non

ado

ptio

n of

pa

ckag

e of

pra

ctic

es

-66

.67

- -

80

-40

-

33.3

3 28

.57

11

0

Wee

ds

-16

.67

- -

- 16

.67

-

50

14.2

8

Prop

er v

arie

ties

- -

- -

- -

20

-16

.67

-

Irri

gatio

n -

- -

- -

-

- -

-

Raj

mas

h

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

loca

l va

riet

ies

100

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Oils

eeds

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

loca

l va

riet

ies

33.3

3 -

20

100

-50

-

80

33.3

3 42

.85

Inse

ct a

nd p

est a

ttack

-

- 20

10

0 80

-

40

80

-42

.85

Stra

y an

imal

s -

- -

100

- -

- -

16.6

7

Imba

lanc

e us

e of

fe

rtili

zer

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

-

Impr

oper

agr

o-te

chni

ques

-

- -

- -

- -

- 83

.33

-

Lac

k of

irri

gatio

n fa

cilit

y -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-

Subs

iste

ce f

arm

ing

- -

- -

80

- -

- -

14.2

8

Sars

on

Dis

ease

and

pes

t -

- -

- -

- 75

-

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

11

1

Tab

le 4

.15

b T

echn

olog

ical

Int

erve

ntio

ns o

f Cer

eals

, Pul

ses

and

Oils

eed

Cro

ps

Cro

p/in

terv

enti

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Cer

eals

M

aize

D

war

f va

riet

ies

-

- -

100

- -

20

40

- -

Aw

aren

ess

and

trai

ning

66

.67

66.6

7 40

10

0 10

0 66

.67

80

100

- 42

.85

Use

lodg

ing

resi

stan

t pl

ant v

arie

ties

66.6

7 -

- 10

0 60

-

- 40

-

14.2

8

Wee

dici

de a

nd f

ertil

izer

s -

- -

- 20

-

- 20

-

- D

emon

stra

tion

66

.67

- -

80

60

40

33

.33

57.1

4 H

YV

's

66.6

7 50

20

-

100

50

- 20

33

.33

71.4

2 M

onke

ys a

nd s

tray

an

imal

s ar

e m

ajor

m

enac

e

16.6

7 20

-

- -

- -

33.3

3 14

.28

Irri

gatio

n 33

.33

50

20

-

16.6

7 -

- 33

.33

- U

se o

f bl

each

ing

pow

der

- -

20

- -

- -

- -

-

Pad

dy

Aw

aren

ess

and

dem

onst

ratio

n 33

.33

83.3

3 40

-

- 66

.67

100

80

66.6

7 14

.28

Seed

of

reco

mm

ende

d va

riet

ies

16.6

7 50

-

75

- 50

20

40

33

.33

14.2

8

Pest

icid

e us

e -

16.6

7 -

- -

16.6

7 -

20

33.3

3 14

.28

Irri

gatio

n -

66.6

7 20

75

-

16.6

7 -

- 66

.67

14.2

8 D

roug

ht r

esis

tant

va

riet

ies

- 16

.67

- 75

-

- -

- 33

.33

14.2

8

Whe

at

A

war

enes

s ca

mps

10

0 10

0 40

-

100

66.6

7 80

80

83

.33

71.4

3 Pe

stic

ide

83.3

3 50

-

100

100

-

20

33.3

3 42

.86

Dem

onst

ratio

n -

100

- -

100

50

80

20

50

42.8

5 Su

itabl

e va

riet

ies

16.6

7 50

-

- 10

0 33

.33

20

20

50

42.8

5 Ir

riga

tion

- -

- -

- 33

.33

- -

- -

11

2

Bar

ley

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

- 33

.33

- 10

0 10

0 33

.33

- 80

83

.33

42.8

5

Seed

of

reco

mm

ende

d va

riet

ies

- 50

-

- 10

0 33

.33

- 20

83

.33

28.5

7

Irri

gatio

n -

33.3

3 -

100

100

33.3

3 -

- 33

.33

14.2

8 D

roug

ht r

esis

tant

va

riet

ies

- 16

.67

- -

80

- -

- 33

.33

28.5

7

Pul

ses

Aw

aren

ess

33.3

3 66

.67

60

75

100

50

60

80

83.3

3 57

.14

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d ex

posu

re v

isit

- 10

0 40

75

10

0 66

.67

80

60

83.3

3 71

.43

Seed

, wee

dici

de a

nd

inse

ctic

ide

- 50

-

- 80

50

-

40

50

57.1

4

Raj

mas

h -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- A

war

enes

s 16

.67

- -

- -

- 60

-

- -

Oils

eeds

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d ex

posu

re v

isit

33.3

3 -

40

- 10

0 33

.33

40

60

83.3

3 57

.14

Aw

aren

ess

for

IPM

16

.67

- 20

-

100

40

60

16

.67

42.8

5 Q

ualit

y se

ed

- -

- -

100

33.3

3 -

40

33.3

3 42

.85

Lif

t irr

igat

ion

- -

- -

80

- -

- 33

.33

42.8

5

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

11

3

Tab

le 4

.16

a V

arie

tals

and

Tec

hnol

ogic

al P

robl

ems

of V

eget

able

and

Spi

ce C

rops

(Per

Cen

t of P

anch

yats

)

Cro

p/pr

oble

m

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Veg

etab

les

Pot

ato

Inse

ct p

est a

ttack

16

.67

50

80

50

100

- -

60

-28

.57

Dis

ease

s 16

.67

33.3

80

50

80

-

- 20

16

.67

14.2

8 L

ow y

ield

due

to

imba

lanc

e fe

rtili

zer

-33

.3

-50

80

-

- 20

-

14.2

8

Qua

lity

seed

-

50

20

50

100

50

- -

16.6

7 42

.85

Wild

ani

mal

m

enac

e -

- -

- -

- 10

0 -

83.3

3 28

.57

Lat

e bl

ight

16

.67

16.7

-

- 60

16

.67

40

-50

71

.43

Irri

gatio

n -

- -

-

16.6

7 -

- 16

.67

28.5

7 L

ack

of a

war

enes

s -

- -

- 20

-

- -

16.6

7 14

.28

Scat

tere

d ar

ea

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 14

.28

Una

vaila

bilit

y of

se

ed a

t pro

per

time

-16

.7

- -

- -

- -

- -

Una

vaila

bilit

y of

qu

ality

see

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Tom

ato

Inse

ct p

est a

nd

dise

ases

66

.67

50

40

100

20

100

20

-16

.67

14.2

8

Bac

teri

al w

ilt

16.6

7 66

.7

-10

0 10

0 33

.33

100

-33

.33

14.2

8 U

naw

aren

ess

66.6

7 33

.3

- -

80

-40

-

- 14

.28

Rip

enin

g pr

oble

m

-16

.7

- -

-

- -

50

28.5

7 L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

-50

-

100

60

- -

- 16

.67

28.5

7 L

ack

of H

YV

's -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-D

omes

tic

cons

umpt

ion

16.6

7 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Pea

s

In

sect

pes

t and

di

seas

es

-83

.3

80

-40

16

.67

20

-16

.67

14.2

8

Pow

dery

mild

ew

50

33.3

75

40

-60

-

- -

11

4

Lea

f m

iner

-

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 14

.28

Lac

k of

HY

V's

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

33.3

3 -

Lac

k of

aw

aren

ess

33.3

3 -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

16.6

7 -

Roo

t rot

-

- -

- -

83.3

3 -

- -

14.2

8 C

abba

ge

In

sect

pes

t and

di

seas

es

33.3

3 50

20

60

16.6

7 60

-

- -

Una

war

enes

s an

d ig

nora

nce

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 14

.28

Lac

k of

irri

gatio

n -

16.7

-

- -

16.6

7 -

- 66

.67

42.8

5 N

on a

vaila

bilit

y of

im

prov

ed v

arie

ties

seed

33

.33

50

-75

60

16

.67

20

-16

.67

42.8

5

Dom

estic

co

nsum

ptio

n -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14.2

8

Mar

ketin

g -

- -

- 40

-

- -

- 14

.28

Dam

ping

off

of

seed

lings

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

-

Lac

k of

IFF

CO

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- C

aulif

low

er

Inse

ct p

est a

nd

dise

ases

16

.67

50

20

50

80

20

-

- 42

.85

Bla

ck r

ot a

nd D

BM

33

.33

33.3

-

- -

- 40

-

- -

Lac

k of

irri

gatio

n

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

66.6

7 14

.28

Non

ava

ilabi

lity

of

impr

oved

var

ietie

s se

ed

33.3

3 66

.7

-50

60

16

.67

20

-

28.5

7

Dom

estic

co

nsum

ptio

n -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14.2

8

Mar

ketin

g -

- -

- 40

-

- -

- 14

.28

Dam

ping

off

of

seed

lings

16

.67

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

-

Lac

k of

IFF

CO

-

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

- -

- B

liste

r be

etle

atta

ck

-66

.7

- -

- -

- -

- -

11

5

Okr

a (B

hind

i)

Bl

iste

r bee

tle a

ttack

-

16.7

-

- -

- -

- -

- C

oloc

asia

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- B

light

-

- -

- -

- 20

10

0 -

- T

erm

ite

- -

- -

- -

- 20

-

- Sp

ices

G

inge

r

Dis

ease

s 33

.33

-80

-

- -

20

-16

.67

-T

hrip

s -

- -

- -

-

-

-R

hizo

me

rot

33.3

3 50

-

50

33

.33

60

-16

.67

14.2

7 L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

- -

- -

- -

- -

50

14.2

7 U

naw

aren

ess

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 -

Smal

l lan

d ho

ldin

gs

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 14

.27

Gar

lic

D

isea

ses

and

inse

ct-

pest

s 83

.33

50

40

25

60

16.6

7 40

-

25

-

Purp

le b

lotc

h 50

-

- -

- -

40

-33

.33

-L

ack

of ir

riga

tion

50

- -

- -

- -

- 50

-

Rai

nfed

-

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

14.2

8 U

naw

aren

ess

- -

- -

- -

- -

16.6

7 14

.28

Lac

k of

impr

oved

va

riet

ies

-33

.3

- -

20

66.6

7 -

- -

-

Mar

ketin

g fa

cilit

y no

t ava

ilabl

e -

- -

- 20

-

- -

- -

Seed

is c

ostly

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

14.2

8 T

urm

eric

L

ow y

ield

due

to

loca

l var

ietie

s -

- -

- -

- -

40

- -

Lea

f sp

ot

- -

- -

- -

- 20

-

- L

ow y

ield

due

to n

on

adop

tion

of p

acka

ge

of p

ract

ices

-

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

Una

war

enes

s -

- -

- -

- -

16

.67

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

11

6

Tab

le 4

.16

b T

echn

olog

ical

Int

erve

ntio

ns o

f Veg

etab

le a

nd S

pice

Cro

ps (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Cro

p/in

terv

enti

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Veg

etab

les

Pot

ato

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

33.3

3 66

.67

100

50

100

66.6

7 20

60

66

.67

71.4

3 H

IV’s

16

.67

66.6

7 20

50

10

0 10

0 -

20

33.3

3 71

.43

Spec

ial a

ttent

ion

by

gove

rnm

ent

- 33

.33

- 50

10

0 -

60

- 16

.67

28.5

7 L

ift i

rrig

atio

n -

33.3

3 -

50

80

- -

- 33

.33

57.1

4 W

ater

har

vest

ing

sche

me

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 28

.57

Tom

ato

Aw

aren

ess

and

dem

onst

ratio

n 10

0 10

0 40

10

0 10

0 83

.33

100

- 10

0 71

.43

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g 66

.67

83.3

3 20

10

0 10

0 66

.67

40

- 50

57

.14

Pea

s

A

war

enes

s an

d de

mon

stra

tion

83.3

3 83

.33

80

75

40

100

60

- 83

.33

42.8

5 D

isea

se r

esis

tant

var

ietie

s -

33.3

3 -

- 40

33

.33

- -

50

14.2

8 C

abba

ge

Aw

aren

ess

and

dem

onst

ratio

n 33

.33

83.3

3 20

75

10

0 50

60

100

71.4

8 L

ift i

rrig

atio

n

16.2

7 -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

28.5

7 Ir

riga

tion

33.3

3 -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

16.6

7 14

.28

Cau

liflo

wer

A

war

enes

s an

d de

mon

stra

tion

50

100

20

50

100

16.6

7 60

-

83.3

3 57

.14

Lif

t irr

igat

ion

-

- -

- -

- -

50

14.2

8 Ir

riga

tion

33.3

3 -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

- -

Okr

a (B

hind

i)

Tec

hnic

al k

now

-how

is

requ

ired

-

50

- -

- -

- -

- 14

.28

Aw

aren

ess

and

trai

ning

-

50

- -

- -

- -

- -

11

7

Cuc

urbi

ts

Tec

hnic

al k

now

how

re

quir

ed

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 14

.28

Col

ocas

ia

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d ex

posu

re v

isit

- -

- -

- -

20

60

- -

Aw

aren

ess

and

inpu

ts

- -

- -

- -

20

60

- -

Spic

es

Gin

ger

Aw

aren

ess

33.3

3 16

.7

80

50

- 16

.67

60

- 66

.67

28.5

7 Se

ed tr

eatm

ent

33.3

3 33

.33

- 50

-

33.3

3 60

-

33.3

3 14

.27

Tra

inin

g an

d de

mon

stra

tion

33.3

3 50

-

50

- 16

.67

20

- 33

.33

28.5

7 C

ampa

igns

and

irri

gatio

n fa

cilit

ies

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 -

Gar

lic

Aw

aren

ess

83.3

3 33

.33

40

25

80

50

80

- 83

.33

28.5

7 T

rain

ing

and

dem

onst

ratio

n 83

.33

66.6

7 -

25

80

33.3

3 20

-

33.3

3 14

.29

Irri

gatio

n fa

cilit

y -

- -

25

- -

- -

16.6

7 14

.29

Subs

idy

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 -

- 14

.29

Tur

mer

ic

Tra

inin

g an

d ex

posu

re

visi

t -

- -

- -

- -

40

16.6

7 -

Aw

aren

ess

- -

- -

- -

- 40

16

.67

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

11

8

Tab

le 4

.17

a V

arie

tal a

nd T

echn

olog

ical

Pro

blem

s of

oth

er C

rops

(Per

Cen

t of P

anch

ayat

s)

Cro

p/P

robl

em

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Tea

Proc

essi

ng a

nd

mar

ketin

g -

- -

- -

- -

- 50

-

Lab

our

- -

- -

- -

- -

33.3

3 -

Cos

t of

culti

vatio

n -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-

Flo

ricu

ltur

e

L

ess

high

tech

pol

y ho

use

- -

- 50

20

20

-

83.3

3 -

Una

war

enes

s an

d m

arke

ting

- -

- -

- 16

.67

- -

66.6

7 -

Cos

t of

culti

vatio

n -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-

Rai

nfed

-

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-L

ack

of im

prov

ed

vari

etie

s -

- -

25

20

- -

- -

- So

urce

: Fie

ld S

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Tab

le 4

.17

b T

echn

olog

ical

Int

erve

ntio

ns o

f ohe

r C

rops

(Per

Cen

t of P

anch

yats

)

Cro

p/in

terv

enti

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Tea

Aw

aren

ess

and

prop

er

man

agem

ent

- -

- -

- -

- -

50

-

Flo

ricu

ltur

e

M

obile

fac

ility

for

ev

olut

ion

of n

utri

ent

stat

us o

f so

il -

- -

- -

- 20

-

83.3

3 -

Supp

lies

of g

ood

plan

ting

mat

eria

l nee

ded

- -

- 25

20

16

.67

-

- -

Aw

aren

ess,

trai

ning

and

aw

aren

ess

- -

- 25

-

- -

- -

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

11

9

Tab

le 4

.18

Est

imat

ed Y

ield

s an

d Y

ield

Gap

s in

Cro

ps (q

/ha)

Cro

p Sa

dar

Bal

h S.

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

rD

harm

pur

Cha

untr

aD

rang

D

istr

ict

Mai

ze

Exp

erim

ent

stat

ion

yiel

d 57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

Prog

ress

ive

farm

er's

yie

ld

56

44

38

63

56

44

25

31

38

38

43

Act

ual/a

vera

ge

yiel

d 26

23

27

28

29

21

22

14

19

18

23

Yie

ld g

aps

Yie

ld

gaps

I

(1-3

) 31

34

30

29

28

36

35

43

38

39

34

Yie

ld

gaps

II

(2

-3)

30

21

11

35

27

23

3 17

19

20

21

Pad

dy

Exp

erim

ent

stat

ion

yiel

d 40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

Pr

ogre

ssiv

e fa

rmer

's y

ield

35

44

44

43

25

50

31

31

63

31

40

Act

ual/a

vera

ge

yiel

d 29

24

25

27

16

19

23

16

25

17

22

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Act

ual/a

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Bar

ley

Exp

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Prog

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Act

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Prog

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Act

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Prog

ress

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Act

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Prog

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Act

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Exp

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Act

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Exp

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Prog

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Act

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Exp

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Prog

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Act

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Tor

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Prog

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Act

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Exp

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Prog

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Act

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Act

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Act

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Act

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Exp

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Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

129

Chapter V

ALLIED AGRICULTURAL SECTORS

5.1 Horticulture

The agro-climatic conditions prevailing in Mandi district are quite suitable for propagating the temperate and sub-tropical fruit. In the last forty years, the district has made rapid strides in the field of horticulture. The apple orchards are located predominantly in Karsog and Chachyot tehsils while plum and apricot orchards have come up in Mandi and Sundernagar tehsils. The total area under apple crop in the district has increased from 75 ha in 1962 to 15,193 ha in 2006-07. The area and production of fruit show positive growth rate. The information on existing schemes of horticulture for rural development is given in Table 5.1. The introduction of intensive horticulture development and the on - going schemes under Horticulture Technology Mission (HTM) have proved to be the best way to generate more farm income and employment. Through the implementation of agriculture plan under Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY), an additional area of around 2,794 ha can be put under apple plantation and considering its existing productivity level, the additional production in the district will be around 70,863 tonnes. Next to apple, there is ample potential of enhancing area under citrus and harvesting 8 per cent additional production over and above the existing production. Similarly, other fruit like mango and dry fruit have vast potentials for expansion of their area and production (Table 5.2.).

5.2 Animal Husbandry

Livestock is another indispensable asset to the farming as well as non-farming community of the district as it provides nutrition and livelihood also. The information on existing schemes of livestock and fisheries for rural development has been presented in Table 5.3. It may also be seen from the Table 5.4 that the livestock wealth of Mandi includes mainly sheep & goats together accounting for about 25 per cent of the total livestock population which are reared for wool, meat and milk purposes. The crossbred cows constitute about 22 per cent of the total livestock and local cows share is only 12.9 per cent. This means the milk production of the district is more due to more number of high yielding crossbred cows which is almost double the local cows. The buffaloes reared by the people are low milk yielders but high fat producers and they account for about 4.1 per cent of the livestock population due to people’s preference for their milk and milk products.

5.3 Poultry

Poultry was another important enterprise of Mandi district which accounted for about 5 per cent of the total livestock population. It was an important enterprise in all of the blocks except in Karsog and Dharmpur (Table 5.4).

130

5.4 Rabbitary

Rabbitory did not find significant place in the district. It was only found in Sardar and Balh blocks of the district with population of about 1,525 and 61,200, respectively (Table 5.4).

5.5 Fisheries

The district is extensively cris –crossed by perennial streams and rivers which provide congenial conditions for development of fisheries. Exotic trout fish was introduced in the district from Kullu probably in the thirties. This species is found in Uhl, Lambadag and Tirthan. Barot Trout farm is situated on the left banks of Uhl and Lambadag rivers near the barrage of Shanan Hydro-electric power project at Barot in Jogindernagar tehsil and Carp farms (Indian major carps- Rohu & Mrigal, Grass carp) is situated at Alsu village of Sundernagar tehsil of Mandi district. The block wise status and potential of cultured fisheries in the district is presented in Table 5.5. As per the proposed plan, the potential of fish production in the district is expected to be 201 tonnes against the present fish production of 95 metric tonnes.

5.6 Sericulture & Floriculture

Floriculture and sericulture have recently started spreading roots in the district. Both these enterprises are very crucial in terms of employment and income generation avenues and offer opportunities to raise the economic status of rural masses. These commodities are playing vital role for the upliftment of women and will provide exposure to the community to stand in the world market. Unfortunately, some basic information about area and production for district is not available and needs further inquiry. However, the sericulture activity is going on in some blocks in the district at low level.

5.7 Mushroom

The district is suitable for mushroom cultivation. The farmers are taking up this activity of their own. But there is huge potential of this enterprise in the district. The government is coming forward to attract mushroom growers by providing various facilities. To improve the level of mushroom growing, the training will be given to farmers on various aspect of mushroom industry.

5.8 Medicinal Plants

The area is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants available in the natural conditions; however, their cultivation on farmer’s fields was almost negligible. The local people harvest these plants from the public forests and common lands both by legal and illegal ways. Table 5.6 presents scientific and common names of the medicinal plants which are commonly found in the district. The existence of medicinal plants under natural conditions/environment thus offers scope for their cultivation on commercial lines.

131

Table 5.6 Medicinal Plants Found in the Mandi District

Sr.No Scientific Name Common Name 1 Abies spectabilis CD. Don.

Spach

Himalayan high level Silver-fir, Kolroi, Tosh, Talispatra

2 Abrus precatorius Linn Ratti, Gunja, Chuntli, Indian liquorice, Crabs-eye, Red

bead vine, Prayer beads

3 Acacia catechu Wild Khair, Khadir, Katha tree, Catechu, Black cutch

4 Achyranthes aspera Linn. Puthkanda, Latjira, Chirchita, Apamarga

5 Acorus calomus Linn Bare, Baryon, Boiye, Boi, Shalbou Vacha, Bach,

Sweetflag, Camlaamus root

6 Aegle marmelas (L.) corr. Bel, Bael fruit, Mahaphala, Bilpatri

7 Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth Neelkanthi, Leelkounthe, Ratpacho, Lilkounthe

8 Albizia lebbek Benth Shirish, Kala sirish, Siris, Sirinh, Indian Walnut

9 Allium sativum Linn. Lahsun, Garlic, Lasona, Lasun

10 Asparagus abscendens Roxb Shatawari, Shatamuli, Shatavar, Sahasrapal, Saisarbuti

11 Atrpa acuminate Royle Jharka, Indian belladonna, Jalgi, Deadly night shade

12 Bauhinia variegata Linn. Kachnar, Kovidara, Karala, Karale, Kanchnar

13 Berberis aristata DC. Kashmal, Kushmol, Chothar, Daru-haldi, Daru-haridra,

Rasanjan, Rasont

14 Bergenia ciliata (How.) Sternb Pashanbheda, Pakhanbed, Dhoklambu, Patharchat

15 Bombax ceiba L. Simul, Semul, Salmali, Semulmusli, Silk-cotton

tree/Indian kapok tree

16 Butea monosperma (Lamk.)

Taub

Dhak, Palas, Palash, Tesu, Palah, Flame of the forest

17 Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Ait f Aak, Mudar, Akanda, Arka, Calotropis

18 Cannabis sativa Linn. Bhang, Charas, Ganja, Hashis, Vijaya, Hemp. Bhangolu

19 Capsicum annuum Linn. Lalmirch, Lanka mirch, Red chillies

20 Cassia fistula Linn. Amaltas, Aragwadha, Indian Laburmum, Purging cassia,

Cassia pod, Aali-ra-tat.

21 Cassia occidentalis Linn. Chakunda, Ckakra mard, Bara clwan

22 Cassia tora Linn. Pawarh, Chakunda, Chakramard, Reli elwan, Ring worm

plant

23 Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Brahmi, Brahmanaduki, Budhbrahmani Mandukparni

24 Cinnamomum tamala Wces &

Ebesm

Tajpat (leaf), Gurpatraj, Tejpatta, Tamalpatra, Patraj,

Mithpatra.

25 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Doorva, Doob, Drub, Doob-grass

26 Cyperus rotundus Linn. Nagarmotha, Motha, Mustak, Nut grass

27 Datura stramonium Linn. Dhatura, Safed dhatura, Dhouturo, Thron apple

132

28 Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. Ex

Kunth

Singli-mingli, Dioscorea, Kins, Ganj

29 Dolichos uniflorus lank Kulthi, Kulath, Horsegram

30 Eclipta prostrate Roxb Bhringraja, Kesaraja, Bhangra, Bhangru

31 Emblica officinallis Gaertn. Amla, Dhatriphala, Amalaki, Aonla, Emblica, Emblic

Myrobalan

32 Fumaria parviffora Lam. Pitpapra, Papra, Shantera, Bansulpha, Shanteraj, Baklat-

el-malik, Parpat, Fumitory

33 Geranium nepalense sweet Laljari, Ratanjot, Laldori

34 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Wall. Ex DC.

Kurchi, Kura, Kutaja, Tiptaka, Indrajau

35 Justica adhatoda Linn. Vaso, Adusa, Vasaka, Basuti, Vasika, Bansgte Basti

36 Mallotus philippinensis Muell.

Arg.

Kamala, Sindur, Rohini, Kampillak, Kamila

37 Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds Podina, Jungli, Pudina, Horsemint, Safed-pudina, Chachri

38 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Guchhi, Chiayun, Honey combed mushroom.

39 Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sajana, Sahinjan, Soanjana, Drum stick tree, Horse radish

tree.

40 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Kiwanch, Kaunch, Goncha, Draougalbel, Atmagupta,

Cowhage

41 Murraya koenigii spreng Kathnim, Miyha neem, Curry patta, Basanga, Curry leaf

42 Myrica esculenta Buch Ham. Kaiphal, Kahi, Katphal, Box-myrtle

43 Myrsine africana Linn. Kakhum, Shamshad, Berang, Bidang, Bai-bidang

44 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Harsinghar, Kuri, Shephali, Shephalika, Regmalpatta,

Parijata

45 Ocimum sanctum Linn. Ajaka, Tulsai, Tulsi, Baranda, Sacred Basil, Holy basil

46 Origanum vulgare Linn. Sathra,Bantulsi, Wild marjornum, Jakhm-buti, Basloghas

47 Oroxylum indicum Vent. Ullu, Arlu, Saona, Shyonaka, Sonapatta, Tatpalanga,

Kinnauri phool (seeds)

48 Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Jharka, Jalga, Sweet belladonna, Matazor

49 Pistacia khinjuk Stew.ex

Brandis

Karsingi, Karkatsringi, Kakar, Kakru

50 Plumbago zeylanica Linn. CHITA, Chitrak, Chitra, Chitrakmula, leadwort.

51 Prinsepia utilis Royle Bhekhal, Bhekhla, Bhenkal

52 Prunella vulgaris Linn. Austakhaddus, Ustakhadus, All-heal, Self-heal

53 Pueraria tuberose DC. Sural, Saral, Sarur, Bidarikanda, Bidari, Bharda, Tirra,

Bankumra

54 Punica granatum Linn. Daru, Darmu, Daran, Dadim, Darim, Pomegranate.

55 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Putranjiva, Poutujia, Juti, Jiaputa

133

56 Rauvolfia serpentine Benth. Ex

Kutz.

Sarpgandha, Chotachand, Chandrika

57 Rhododendron arboretum Sm. Bruans, Bras, Buras, Barah-ke-phool, Rhodo flowers

58 Rhododendron campanulatum

D.Don.

Cherailu, Shargar, Simrung, Gaggar, Simrath, Kashmiri-

patha

59 Spindus mukorossi Gaertn Ritha, Reetha, Aristha, Phenita, Soapnut

60 Sesame indicum Linn. Til, Sesame, Sinsim, Gingilly

61 Sida rhombifolia Linn. Svetbarela, Mahabala, Pitakharenti, Pit-barela

62 Solanum nigrum Linn. Makoi, Kakamachi, Bandakh

63 Swertia chirayita Karst. Chirayita, Kirata-tikta, Bhunimba, Chirata

64 Symplocos paniculata Wall. Lodh, Lodar, Lodhra, Lojh

65 Taxus Wallichiana Zucc. Thuno, Thuner, Birmi, Rakhyala, Rakhala, Thangi,

Himalan Yew, Stoneyyak, Thoon

66 Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Bahera, Bahira, Vibhitaki, Bibhitak

67 Terminalia chebula Retz. Her, Harad, Haritaki, Harde, Chebulic myrobalan

68 Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Mamira, Pilijari, Chaitra, Sarphar, Bishkaral

69 Thevetia neriifolia Juss. Pila-kaner, Ashvaha, Ashvaghna, Pit-kaner, Yellow

oleander

70 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)

Miers.

Gulancha, Giloe, Guduchi, Amrita, Gulje

71 Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth Jangli-piyaz, Ban-piyazi, Ban-palandu, Indian squill,

white squill, Sea-onion

72 Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Tagar, Sughandhbala, Mushkbala, Naknihani, Nihani,

Indian Valerian

73 Vanda tessellata Lodd. Ex Loud Rasna, Atirasa, Vanda

74 Veivaria zizanioides (Linn.)

Nash.

Khas, Ushir, Vettiver, Khus-khus grass

75 Viola serpens Wall Banfshah, Banaksha,Gule-banaksha, Violet

76 Vitex negundo Linn. Nirgandi, Niragundi, Sura, Bana, Sanbhalu, Sambhalu beg

77 Withania somnifera Dunal Ashvagandha, Asgandh, Indian ginseng.

78 Woodfordia fruticosa Kurtz. Dhao, Dhataki, Dhai-ki-phool, Dhataki-puspha,

Woodfordia

79 Xanthium strumarium Linn. Adhasisi, Banokra, Chhota dhatura, Musha-ro-khor,

Cocklebur, Burweed

80 Zanthoxylum armatum DC Tumbru, Tejphal, Tirmir, Tejbal, Timbri

Source: Chauhan, N.S. (1999), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh, Indus Publishing Company,

New Delhi.

134

5.9 Beekeeping

Honey bees were reared by few households in some villages. These were reared in wood log hives and mud hives placed in their houses. Honey was extracted from these colonies once in a year. Sundernagar and Chauntra are famous for beekeeping. There are 62 colonies in Sundernagr and 25 in Chauntra block. The annual honey production was approximately 2,610 kg.

5.10 Tea

Tea is traditionally grown in Kangra and Mandi district at an altitude of 1,000 to 1,500 metres. Chauntra block of Mandi district was a famous tea growing area (25 ha) but due to lack of new plantation over the last many years, the old tea plantations have gone uneconomical and as such, tea bushes are being uprooted and resultantly area under tea plantation in this block has considerably decreased.

5.11 Agricultural Marketing

Estimates of production and disposal of agricultural produce, fruit, vegetables, animal products and live animal stock are given in Tables 5.7 and 5.8. The marketed surplus of cereals was up to 90,600 tonnes, 676 tonnes in case of pulses, 82,463 tonnes in case of vegetables and 55,488 tonnes in case of apples in the district. Generally, the marketed surplus of most of the agriculture commodities was sold, within and outside the state. Among livestock products, milk, wool, meat were the animal products. Milk was sold within the villages; however, wool was sold to wool federation as well as to private traders. The animals like sheep and goats reared for meat purposes were generally sold to the private traders and sometimes directly to the meat shops.

5.12 Agricultural Infrastructure

5.12.1 Physical

As far as marketing infrastructure in the district is concerned, there are 81 existing market sub-yards/ market information centres as against the requirement of 114. Further, there are 30 Hi-tech storage godowns in the district against the required of 39. The important existing and required marketing infrastructure and financial estimates for these have been shown in Tables 5.9 and 5.10.

5.12.2 Institutional

The important institutions for carrying out research, extension and delopmental activities in the district are Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK, Mandi) of CSK HPKV, Palampur, the office of DY. Director, Agriculture, Mandi; Farmers’ Training Centre at Sundernagar, office of DY. Director, Horticulture and sale centre of IFFCO. These institutions are extending all sorts of training and assistance to the farmers in various activities. Both the Agricultural and Horticultural universities

135

and State Agricultural Management and Extension Training Institute (SAMETI), Masobra also provide multifarious trainings to farmers.

5.12.3 Human Resource

Existing human resource for agriculture has been depicted in Table 5.11. The physical and financial estimates for human resource required for the development of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and fishery have been given in Table 5.12.

5.13 Rural Enterprises

As per Table 5.13, there were 42,471 youth unemployed in the district of various categories (technically trained and untrained but educated from matric to post graduate level). The existing status of enterprises (agriculture and non-agriculture based) is depicted in Table 5.14. The different enterprises like dairy, agriculture, mushroom cultivation, floriculture, food processing unit, bee keeping, agro-processing unit, poultry, potato processing, fisheries, vegetable cultivation, animal husbandry, rabbitory, polyhouse vegetables, nursery raising, cottage industries, herbs, apiary, piggery, organic farming, floriculture in polyhouse, input deals, pickle making, sericulture etc. were important enterprises which could be taken up by the unemployed youth in the Mandi district (Table 5.15).

5.14 Agro-Processing

Among agro-processing units, atta chakkies and oil seed processing units known as Kohlus were important in the area. The number of atta chakkies and agro-processing units is decreasing due to lesser cultivation of cereals and commercialization of agriculture in favour of fruit and vegetables. The wheat flour is easily available in the areas through PDS; however, atta chakkies are used for processing maize into maize flour and feed ingredients for the animals. The existing number, requirement and gaps of agri business establishments have been presented in Table 5.16.

5.15 Drudgery of Women

Women play an important role in any economy and Mandi district is no exception. It was found that majority of cultural operations in the fields and orchards were performed by women besides tending animals and other household activities at home. The tools and techniques being followed by women were of traditional nature (Table 5.17) and hence the drudgery was on higher side. However, the efforts are being made to reduce drudgery of women by introducing mechanization of operations where ever possible.

5.16 Input Use and Gaps

Among inputs, fertilizers and chemicals were applied in apple orchards. The use of green fodder and dry fodder to milch animals was common in all the blocks of the district. The livestock in

136

general was maintained on grazing and stall feeding both. In the higher hills of the district, the animals are let loose in the morning to nearby pastures and collected in the evening. The concentrates were fed only to milch animals and application was on the lower sides than the recommended (Table 5.18).

5.17 Yield Gap Analysis

The yield gaps in fruit crops and livestock products have been given in Tables 5.19 and 5.20. It can be seen from the table that there was a huge gap between the actual and progressive farmers’ yield of fruit grown commercially in the area. The gap in the yield of apple was around 18 quintals /ha. The yield gap of citrus fruit like oranges, kinnow, lime and galgal was around 0.88, 20.36, 3.25 and 24.58 quintals/ha, respectively. A yield gap of 4.43 quintals /ha was observed in mango, while yield gap of dry fruit like walnut and pecunnut was 1.86 and 2.36 quintals /ha, respectively. Further, the yield gap of plum was estimated as 4.41 quintals/ha. The yield gap in milk of crossbred cow was around 6.81 litres /animal / day in the district as a whole. In case of local cow, the yield gap was 1.68 litres/animal/ day. However, the yield gap of crossbred and local cows varied from 5.40 to 10.45 and 1.18 to 2.05 litres / animal / day, respectively. It was also observed from the table that the yield gaps of buffalo and goat milk at the district level were 5.41 and 1.21 litres / animal / day, respectively. The yield gap in wool yield was found to the extent of 1 kg per sheep /year.

5.18 Reasons for Yield Gap

The reasons for gaps in fruit crops were improper spacing between plant to plant and row to row. Secondly, the orchardists lacked knowledge of proper techniques and suitable timings of pruning/cutting. There was shortage of professional manpower for pruning, cutting and spraying. The difference in livestock product yields (milk) was mainly due to non availability of adequate fodders and lack of technical know how. The wool yields were low due to poor breed and reduced grazing lands for the nomadic shepherds.

5.19 Interventions Needed

Development of apple and other fruit varieties suitable for higher hills, following recommended spacing in the orchards, supply of micro-nutrients, promotion of fruit plantation in potential area, timely supply of pesticides, demonstration on plant protection, training and pruning of fruit plants, introduction of spur type varieties, adoption of improved package of practices through awareness camps, etc are the required interventions for horticulture sector (Tables 5.21). The extent of animal diseases has been shown in Table 5.22. Preventive vaccination against foot and mouth diseases of livestock, deworming, dusting and dipping against endoparasites and ectoparasites, livestock health awareness programmes against tympani, pneumonia and repeat breeding, improvement in AI services, regulation of feed supply, fodder production and grassland improvement through the introduction of suitable grasses and legumes, conservation of

137

fodder to meet winter scarcity and provision of minerals on low cost to livestock rearers are the important interventions in livestock sector (Tables 5.23a and 5.23b). Regular supply of fish fingerlings, training to fisherman and introduction of packages of fish farming, etc have been identified interventions for fishery (Table 5.24). The financial estimates for horticulture development, livestock improvement and fisheries have been presented in district agriculture plan.

5.20 Research/Extension Gaps

As far as livestock sector is concerned, experimental farms under the supervision of scientists and on farm trials were not conducted in the state. However, few organized dairy, sheep and horse breeding farms were maintained under the supervision of dairy farm managers. Similarly, horticultural orchards were maintained under the government sector in some areas. Since, no systematic data on livestock products were available, research gaps in case of livestock could not be worked out. The other reasons for the same are that the livestock sector comprises of indigenous stock and indigenously bred animals were not maintained on the organized farms to know the gaps in their output. Therefore, to examine the gaps only the differences in outputs of average farmers were compared with the progressive farmers in the area. The gaps between the average yields from the progressive farmers’ yields can be reduced through the improvement of support lands (private lands) by applying different techniques of invasion for obnoxious shrubs and weeds and protection of forest grazing rights of shepherd community.

5.21 Researchable Issues

Livestock Improvement

� Identification of constraints thwarting the adoption of improved practices / technologies of dairy & animal husbandry.

� Study on perceptions of various stake-holders i.e. livestock-keepers, veterinarians, paravets and development agencies/ NGOs

� Documentation and scientific validation of the livestock husbandry-related indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) / practices among farmers.

� Development of an integrated livestock (cattle, fish and poultry) production model (ILPM)

� Identification of training needs of women livestock keepers.

� Identification and nutritional evaluation of the high nutrition fodder grasses

Improvement of Fruit Plants

� Evaluation of commercially important apple and apricot varieties in high altitude areas and low to moderate chilling plum and peach varieties at lower altitudes.

138

� Identification of niche areas and remapping of different fruit growing belts

� Development of technologies for frost management

� Diversification of fruit with high yielding varieties

� Development of agro-techniques for improvement of nut quality in pecan

� Development of techniques for replant problem in stone fruit, especially in plum.

� Development of technology for integrated nutrient management in fruit.

� Development of technology for improving water use efficiency and fertigation in different fruit crops.

� Development of management strategies for mango malformation

� Management of irregular bearing in pomegranate.

Improvement of Flower Plantation

� Delineation of areas/locations suitable for different flower crops.

� Availability of authentic and quality germplasm/planting material of various flower crops to the growers at the affordable prices.

� Standardization of location specific production technology for different flower crops, relating to varieties, planting time, nutrients.

� Integrated nutrient management (INM) and pest management and irrigation management

� Flower regulation as per the market demands

� Post harvest management and maintaining the cool chain.

� Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology) as per the location specificity.

� Development of disease management strategies of ornamental crops like gladiolus, carnation, lilium, etc.

Development of Honey Bee Industry

� Awareness of pollinator conservation and use of honey bees in managed crop pollination for increased crop productivity.

� Identification of different bee keeping belts

Improvement of Infrastructure

� Development of protected cultivation technology and monitoring of soil health in poly houses.

� Development of infrastructure for assessment of soil health and amelioration of nutrient deficiencies.

139

� Standardization of agro-forestry models for different agro-ecological situation.

� Safe waiting periods of pesticides on horticultural crops.

� Constraint identification in different horticulture crops.

� Strengthening farmers’ training facilities and TOT.

� Impact assessment and policy evaluation in horticulture sector.

� Irrigation water requirement & scheduling under conventional and high tech systems.

� Development of suitable horticultural varieties keeping in view the climatic changes in the region.

� Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different horticultural crops.

14

0

Tab

le 5

.1 E

xist

ing

Blo

ck L

evel

Sch

emes

for

Hor

ticu

ltur

e D

evel

opm

ent

Blo

ck

No.

of

sche

mes

V

illag

e co

vere

d (N

o.)

Pop

ulat

ion

cove

red

(No.

)

Are

aco

vere

d (h

a)

Ben

efic

iary

fa

mili

es (N

o.)

Stat

us

Tot

al b

udge

t (R

s.

Lak

h)

Add

itio

nal

fund

s re

quir

ed(R

s. L

akh)

C

ompl

ete

(No.

) In

com

plet

e (N

o.)

Cen

tre

shar

e St

ate

shar

e

Hor

ticu

ltur

e

Sada

r 12

59

-

- 1,

451

3 9

133.

47

10

-

Bal

h 17

-

- -

397

7 10

-

- 50

Sund

erna

gar

10

52

- -

300

2 8

47.6

-

-

Goh

ar

13

- -

- 25

2 1

138

12.4

-

-

Sera

j39

12

7 -

- 38

7 -

9 7.

25

- -

Kar

sog

5 51

8 -

- 1,

547

2 3

1,10

0 15

0 -

Gop

alpu

r 1

307

- -

- -

1 90

-

-

Dha

rmpu

r 1

200

- -

357

- 1

31.4

8 -

-

Cha

untr

a 1

278

- -

401

1 -

32

- -

Dra

ng

60

50

- -

170

- 60

-

- -

Tot

al

159

1,59

1 -

- 5,

262

16

238

1,45

4.21

16

0 50

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

14

1

Tab

le 5

.2 E

xist

ing

Stat

us a

nd P

oten

tial

for

Hor

ticu

ltur

e D

evel

opm

ent (

Are

a in

ha;

Pro

d in

tonn

es)

Cro

p St

atus

P

aram

eter

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nde

rnag

arG

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

App

le

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

3,39

1 31

89

2 2,

058

3,89

6 4,

663

- -

4 25

8 15

,193

P

rodu

ctio

n 7,

501

45

750

7,69

9 20

,999

27

,498

-

- 8

700

65,2

00

H

ouse

hold

s 11

,082

2,

346

14,7

003,

947

8,51

6 12

,276

-

- 64

10

0 53

,031

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

1,00

4 42

8 22

8 41

8 85

10

3 14

9 10

6 10

5 16

8 2,

794

P

rodu

ctio

n 2,

221

621

192

1,56

4 45

8 60

7 -

- -

- 5,

663

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s 12

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1,

020

9,80

0 5,

920

1,67

6 8,

189

287

- -

- 39

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Ston

efr

uit

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

345

153

138

120

141

545

86

83

151

134

1,89

6

P

rodu

ctio

n 15

2 44

10

8 28

31

11

0 18

23

10

10

53

5

H

ouse

hold

s 2,

989

- 4,

900

204

900

3,25

3 -

- 1,

840

- 14

,086

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

80

- 74

96

90

42

-

- 47

-

429

P

rodu

ctio

n 35

-

58

22

20

8 -

- 3

- 14

7

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s 7,

625

- 2,

450

1,94

3 22

5 10

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-

- 1,

400

- 24

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Cit

rus

frui

t

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

578

518

502

80

109

279

499

625

357

554

4,10

1

P

rodu

ctio

n 66

1 53

8 62

0 14

9 -

307

584

687

71

- 3,

617

H

ouse

hold

s 3,

813

391

- -

- 73

2 -

472

364

- 5,

772

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

98

39

- -

- 35

26

30

46

-

274

P

rodu

ctio

n 11

2 41

-

-

-

36

27

31

48

-

295

N

ew H

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hold

s 4,

529

571

-

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-

13,7

25

1,00

929

4 2,

033

- 22

,161

14

2

Man

go

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

702

468

511

20

3 68

41

8 74

4 32

8 54

5 3,

807

P

rodu

ctio

n 27

0 21

0 24

4 8

1 33

23

0 27

5 14

0 16

0 1,

571

H

ouse

hold

s 3,

985

153

1,71

5 -

-

1,

220

92

181

2,42

0 1,

200

10,9

66

Pot

enti

al

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a 54

85

86

-

-

20

40

24

1

- 31

1

P

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ctio

n 21

38

41

-

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10

22

9

- -

141

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s 3,

813

485

6,12

5 -

-

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75

6,06

839

6 1,

550

- 29

,112

Lit

chi

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

43

16

61

3 -

-

35

26

39

34

25

7

P

rodu

ctio

n 43

20

46

-

-

-

20

15

40

35

21

9

H

ouse

hold

s -

-

-

-

-

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82

-

1,22

7 -

1,30

9

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enti

al

A

rea

-

-

-

-

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85

- 67

-

152

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n -

-

-

-

-

-

49

-

69

- 11

7

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s -

-

-

-

-

-

61

5 -

733

- 1,

348

Gua

va

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

96

60

68

59

10

64

76

63

88

72

656

P

rodu

ctio

n 14

0 13

0 16

5 50

10

10

2 75

85

60

95

91

2

H

ouse

hold

s 1,

220

-

-

-

-

-

- -

2,07

0 -

3,29

0

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

30

-

-

-

31

61

-

70

- 19

2

P

rodu

ctio

n 44

-

-

-

48

60

- 48

-

200

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s 6,

100

-

-

-

-

3,05

0 1,

025

-

1,75

0 -

11

,925

14

3

Pap

aya

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

4 2

7 -

-

1

3 4

3 3

27

P

rodu

ctio

n 5

6 15

2

7 8

5 5

53

H

ouse

hold

s -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,

400

-

2,40

0

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

-

-

-

-

-

-

9 3

2 -

14

P

rodu

ctio

n -

-

-

-

-

-

21

6 3

-

30

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s -

-

-

-

-

-

57

432

0 1,

800

-

2,69

4

Wal

nut

Exi

stin

g

A

rea

293

52

51

43

113

99

4836

14

9 13

2 1,

016

P

rodu

ctio

n 60

15

40

10

25

20

10

10

10

10

210

H

ouse

hold

s -

-

24

,500

-

-

-

-

-

1,

600

-

26,1

00

Pot

enti

al

A

rea

-

-

90

74

-

-

91-

60

-

31

5

P

rodu

ctio

n -

-

71

17

-

-

19

-

4 -

11

1

N

ew H

ouse

hold

s -

-

1,

225

222

-

-

711

-

1,10

0 -

3,

258

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

14

4

Tab

le 5

.3 E

xist

ing

Blo

ck L

evel

Sch

emes

for

Liv

esto

ck a

nd F

ishe

ries

Dev

elop

men

t

Blo

ck

No.

of

sche

mes

V

illag

e co

vere

d P

opul

atio

n co

vere

d A

rea

cove

red

Ben

efic

iary

fa

mili

es (N

o.)

Stat

us

Tot

al b

udge

t (R

s L

akh)

A

ddit

iona

l fu

nds

requ

ired

(Rs.

Lak

h)

Com

plet

e (N

o.)

Inco

mpl

ete

(No.

) C

entr

esh

are

Stat

esh

are

Fis

heri

es

Sada

r 10

20

30

,000

5

200

10

- 20

20

-

Bal

h 20

12

14

,000

5

17

20

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

4 15

30

,000

0.

8 10

0 2

2 -

5 -

Goh

ar

12

10

12,0

00

2 10

12

-

0.88

0.

22

-

Sera

j8

18

18,0

00

1.5

16

8 -

- 0.

09

- K

arso

g 3

10

16,0

00

1 2

2 1

1.25

-

- G

opal

pur

4 3

3,80

0 0.

2 4

4 -

- -

-

Dha

rmpu

r 3

3 4,

000

0.3

3 3

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a 12

15

30

,000

0.

9 45

12

-

- -

- D

rang

50

20

38

,000

0.

1 50

10

40

-

1.6

- T

otal

12

6 12

6 1,

95,8

00

16.8

44

7 83

43

22

.13

26.9

1 -

Liv

esto

ck I

mpr

ovem

ent S

chem

es

Sa

dar

4 90

-

- 40

8 -

4 -

50

- B

alh

7 19

3 -

- 5,

000

7 -

- -

-

Sund

erna

gar

3 12

0 -

- 30

0 3

- -

- -

Goh

ar

15

- 2,

800

- 2,

500

15

- -

- -

Sera

j4

255

- -

728

- 4

9 -

-

Kar

sog

17

200

- -

1,80

0 -

17

83.6

-

- G

opal

pur

1 -

- -

- -

1 0.

5 -

- D

harm

pur

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a 2

- -

- 71

5 2

- -

- -

Dra

ng

5 32

0 -

- -

- 5

27

20

-

Tot

al

58

1,17

8 2,

800

- 11

,451

27

31

12

0.1

70

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

14

5

Tab

le 5

.4 L

ives

tock

Pop

ulat

ion

(No.

)

Typ

e of

ani

mal

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Pro

duct

ive

Cro

ssbr

ed c

ows

20,6

18

24,7

86

18,3

26

28,6

01

10,7

10

2,40

,,096

1,

435

464

16,9

60

8,28

0 3,

70,2

76

Loc

al c

ow

16,0

43

8,72

1 3,

920

10,4

34

24,8

85

1,38

,104

2,

829

720

4,52

0 10

,840

2,

21,0

16

Buf

falo

es

6,03

9 3,

315

12,7

40

481

- 5,

246

27,2

24

3,44

0 7,

600

4,08

0 70

,165

G

oats

46

,543

9,

996

31,2

13

21,6

82

20,8

35

67,7

10

10,0

86

10,2

56

14,1

20

30,3

20

2,62

,761

Sh

eep

18,9

10

14,3

82

2,84

2 20

,868

25

,425

51

,057

6,

396

760

4,92

0 22

,360

1,

67,9

20

Poul

try

25,6

81

20,6

04

610

3,58

9 65

7 -

17,7

94

- 4,

640

13,8

80

87,4

55

Bro

ilers

43

,432

18

,666

90

,000

4,

625

- -

10,8

65

6,80

0 4,

440

13,2

40

1,92

,068

Y

oung

sto

ck

18,3

00

3,67

2 12

,250

20

,794

6,

030

- 3,

567

800

3,04

0 10

,440

78

,893

B

ullo

cks

18,1

78

3,92

7 8,

085

10,3

60

13,6

35

35,1

36

16,1

54

2,98

4 9,

360

12,2

80

1,30

,099

E

quin

es

1,52

5 86

7 63

7 2,

516

1,44

0 2,

440

1,14

8 24

0 80

0 2,

800

14,4

13

Rab

bits

1,

525

61,2

00

- -

- -

- -

- -

62,7

25

Unp

rodu

ctiv

e*

28,3

65

663

1,91

1 3,

404

3,82

5 6,

100

1,68

1 36

8 40

0 8,

680

55,3

97

Not

e: S

tray

/old

/dis

ease

d/de

form

ed/in

fert

ile

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

14

6

Tab

le 5

.5 S

tatu

s an

d P

oten

tial

for

Cul

ture

d F

ishe

ries

Par

ticu

lar

Hou

se

hold

sen

gage

d (N

o.)

Fis

hP

rodu

ct

ion

(mt.)

Pon

ds

(No.

)

Pon

ds

area

(ha)

Exi

stin

g Sp

ecie

s D

isea

se

Com

mon

C

arp

Schi

zoth

orax

G

id

Roh

u G

olde

n ca

rpM

riga

l Si

lver

carp

Mah

seer

Dat

es

beta

racu

s

Vir

al(3

) B

acte

rial

(1)

Fun

gal

dise

ase

(2)

Sada

rE

xist

ing

15

20

20

5 �

- -

� �

� -

- -

- -

- Po

tent

ial

30

40

35

7 -

- -

- -

- �

� �

� -

� G

ap

15

20

15

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- B

alh

Exi

stin

g 35

7

20

4 �

- -

� �

� �

- -

� -

� Po

tent

ial

100

10

40

8 -

- -

- -

- �

- -

- -

- G

ap

65

3 20

4

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

Exi

stin

g 5

15

8 0.

5 �

- �

� �

� -

- -

- -

� Po

tent

ial

20

25

20

2 -

- -

-

-

- -

- -

- G

ap

15

10

12

1.5

- -

-

-

- -

- -

Goh

ar

Exi

stin

g 11

15

13

0.

3 �

- -

� �

� -

-

- -

� Po

tent

ial

20

50

20

1 -

� -

- -

- �

� �

� -

- G

ap

9 35

7

0.7

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j E

xist

ing

16

16

16

0.05

-

� -

- -

� -

- -

- -

� Po

tent

ial

38

37

37

1.12

-

- -

- -

- �

� -

-

G

ap

22

21

21

1.07

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

K

arso

g

Exi

stin

g 6

15

7 1,

200

msq

�

- �

� �

� -

- -

- -

-

Pote

ntia

l 20

30

20

15

,000

msq

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Gap

14

15

13

13

,800

msq

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

14

7

Gop

alpu

r E

xist

ing

6 0.

1 8

0.04

�

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Pote

ntia

l 10

0.

40

20

0.10

-

- �

� -

� �

- -

- -

�

Gap

4

0.30

12

0.

6 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- D

harm

pur

Exi

stin

g 2

0.04

2

2 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

� Po

tent

ial

4 0.

08

20

4.5

- -

� �

- �

- -

- -

- -

Gap

2

0.04

18

2.

5 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Cha

untr

a E

xist

ing

20

3 28

2

� �

- -

- �

- -

- -

� -

Po

tent

ial

50

5 10

0 4.

5 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Gap

30

2

72

2.5

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

D

rang

E

xist

ing

20

3 11

2

� -

- -

� -

� �

- -

- �

Pote

ntia

l 40

4

50

4 -

- -

- -

- -

� -

- -

-

Gap

20

1

39

2 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Dis

tric

t E

xist

ing

136

95

125

16.0

1 �

� -

- �

� �

- -

� -

� Po

tent

ial

331

201

36

37.7

-

- �

- -

- �

� �

� -

� G

ap

125

106.

12

232

21.7

1 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

14

8

Tab

le 5

.7 P

rodu

ctio

n an

d D

ispo

sal o

f Agr

icul

tura

l Pro

duct

s (t

onne

s)

Com

mod

itie

s Sa

dar

Bal

h S.

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Cer

eal

T

otal

pro

duct

ion

21

,871

33

,729

40

,601

20

,007

27

,090

34

,198

16

,843

3,

064

10,6

93

14,5

97

2,22

,653

C

onsu

mpt

ion

10

,370

16

,659

25

,568

14

,745

7,

173

24,8

98

12,1

52

2,02

8 5,

177

13,2

83

1,32

,053

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

11

,501

17

,070

15

,033

5,

262

19,9

17

9,29

9 4,

690

1,03

6 5,

517

1,31

4 90

,600

L

ocal

(w

ithin

are

a)

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

� D

ista

nt (

with

in s

tate

) �

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

Dis

tant

(ou

tsid

e st

ate)

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Post

har

vest

loss

es

14

0 32

57

0

0 26

3.

3 5

5 14

2 P

ulse

s

Tot

al p

rodu

ctio

n

227

143

196

350

152

267

157

53

273

729

2,54

7 C

onsu

mpt

ion

12

7 79

19

6 22

5 54

21

2 15

7 47

23

0 54

4 1,

871

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s

100

64

0 12

5 98

55

0

5 43

18

5 67

6 N

ame

of th

e m

arke

t whe

re s

old

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- L

ocal

(w

ithin

are

a)

� �

- �

� �

- -

� �

� D

ista

nt (

with

in s

tate

) �

� -

� �

� -

- �

� �

Dis

tant

(O

ut s

ide

the

stat

e)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Po

st h

arve

st lo

sses

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Oil

seed

s

Tot

al p

rodu

ctio

n

67

30

- 10

3 6

92

10

3 37

20

3 55

1 C

onsu

mpt

ion

66

30

-

103

6 92

12

3

42

203

557

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s

1 0

- 0

0 0

-2

0 -5

- 0

-6

Nam

e of

the

mar

ket w

here

sol

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Loc

al (

with

in a

rea)

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Dis

tant

(w

ithin

sta

te)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- D

ista

nt (

out s

ide

the

stat

e)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Po

st h

arve

st lo

sses

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Veg

etab

les

T

otal

pro

duct

ion

8,

215

17,4

38

8,88

5 21

,586

13

,211

19

,272

4,

512

4,22

8 2,

412

6,26

3 1,

06,0

21

Con

sum

ptio

n

2,99

9 5,

248

1,18

1 1,

499

1,78

2 4,

981

2,75

5 1,

836

800

657

23,7

38

Mar

kete

d su

rplu

s

4,52

4 11

,498

7,

012

19,3

95

10,7

37

13,5

99

1,06

5 1,

700

920

4,91

4 82

,463

14

9

Nam

e of

the

mar

ket w

here

sol

d -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Loc

al (

with

in a

rea)

�

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

Dis

tant

(w

ithin

sta

te)

� �

� �

� �

- -

� �

� D

ista

nt (

out s

ide

the

stat

e)

- -

� �

� �

- -

- �

� Po

st h

arve

st lo

sses

12

1 -

27

1,42

2 -

51

- -

- 31

1,

652

Fru

it

Tot

al p

rodu

ctio

n 2,

394

3,44

5 39

7 4,

237

13,0

95

34,7

57

1,19

7 1,

386

6,06

0 -

66,9

68

Con

sum

ptio

n

625

876

71

222

1,69

2 3,

170

1,10

7 25

0 3,

467

- 11

,480

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

1,

768

2,56

9 32

6 4,

015

11,4

03

31,5

87

90

1,13

6 2,

593

- 55

,488

N

ame

of th

e m

arke

t whe

re s

old

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- L

ocal

(w

ithin

are

a)

� �

� �

� �

� �

� -

� D

ista

nt (

with

in s

tate

) �

� �

� �

� -

- -

- �

Dis

tant

(ou

t sid

e th

e st

ate)

-

� �

� �

� -

- -

- �

Post

har

vest

loss

es

67.5

-

201

192.

4 0

0 -

- -

- 46

0.9

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

0

Tab

le 5

.8 P

rodu

ctio

n an

d D

ispo

sal o

f Liv

esto

ck a

nd T

heir

Pro

duct

s

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t M

ilk (l

/day

) ‘ 0

00

T

otal

pro

duct

ion

71.7

1 62

.8

66.3

0 90

.37

68.0

.8

60.8

1 45

.25

52.6

6 80

.60

83.5

2 68

2.10

C

onsu

mpt

ion

57

.08

58.7

5 51

.50

69.7

5 52

.29

48.8

1 42

.97

48.0

0 65

.51

67.5

7 56

2.23

M

arke

ted

surp

lus

14.6

3 4.

05

14.8

20

.62

15.7

9 12

-0

.72

4.66

15

.09

15.9

5 11

9.87

Woo

l(q/

yr)

T

otal

pro

duct

ion

24

4 31

5 27

4 10

1 42

3 46

4 42

1 29

5 41

7 28

6 3,

240

Con

sum

ptio

n

244

511

274

99

144

464

421

295

417

57

2,92

6 M

arke

ted

Surp

lus

0

-196

0

2 27

9 0

0 0

0 22

9 31

5

Pou

ltry

bi

rd

sold

(N

o./y

r)

79,3

00

25,5

00

49,4

50

24,4

50

56,3

00

39,2

00

24,6

00

6,04

0 5,

080

29,6

50

3,39

,570

Shee

p/

goat

sold

(N

o./y

r)

6,50

6 6,

120

1,83

8 7,

800

6,98

0 7,

880

11,4

80

8,86

1 9,

700

6,92

0 74

,085

Equ

ines

so

ld

(No.

/yr)

1,

800

1,27

5 62

1 18

0 1,

160

1,59

0 1,

920

1,12

0 99

0 1,

180

11,8

36

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

1

Tab

le 5

.9 M

arke

ting

Inf

rast

ruct

ure

(No.

)

Par

ticu

lar

Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Agr

icul

tura

l pr

oduc

e (f

ruit

& v

eget

able

s)

colle

ctio

n ce

ntre

s

E27

19

0

58

30

9 15

0

0 0

158

R

49

33

28

72

36

51

0 42

38

16

36

5

Mar

ket

sub-

yard

&

m

arke

t in

form

atio

n ce

ntre

E9

0 0

7 0

48

5 0

5 8

81

R

12

4 3

9 2

63

0 10

12

0

114

Stor

age/

go

dow

n (H

i-te

ch)

Con

trol

A

tmos

pher

e St

ore

(CA

S)

E0

0 13

0

17

0 0

0 0

0 30

R

1 1

14

1 18

1

1 1

1 0

39

Milk

co

llect

ion

cent

re

E0

0 33

0

0 0

12

0 0

0 45

R

20

25

52

11

5 18

0

8 34

3

176

Co-

oper

ativ

e m

arke

ting

soci

ety

E15

0

40

17

0 69

10

0

36

13

200

R20

6

48

20

2 84

0

10

40

17

247

Co-

oper

ativ

e in

put s

ocie

ty

E34

23

0

42

59

56

32

7 36

94

38

2

R39

31

6

45

61

70

0 19

45

0

316

Ban

king

an

d in

sura

nce

faci

lity

E41

8

73

50

39

0 47

3

29

104

394

R45

62

9

31

69

75

25

5 25

16

36

2

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

2

Tab

le 5

.10

Fin

anci

al E

stim

ate

for

Mar

keti

ng I

nfra

stru

ctur

e (R

s. L

akh)

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t A

gric

ultu

ral

prod

uce

(fru

its

&

vege

tabl

es)

colle

ctio

n ce

ntre

s

Gap

22

14

28

14

6

42

0 42

38

16

22

2

Fun

d 11

7

14

7 3

21

0 21

19

8

111

Mar

ket

sub-

yard

& m

arke

t in

form

atio

n ce

ntre

Gap

3

4 3

2 2

15

0 10

7

0 46

F

und

9 12

9

6 6

45

0 30

21

0

138

Stor

age/

go

dow

n (h

i-te

ch)

Con

trol

A

tmos

pher

e St

ore

(CA

S)

Gap

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

0 9

Fun

d 42

42

32

42

57

42

42

42

42

0

383

Milk

Col

lect

ion

Cen

tre

Gap

20

25

19

11

5

18

0 8

34

3 14

4 F

und

100

125

96

55

25

90

0 40

17

2 15

71

8

Co-

oper

ativ

e m

arke

ting

soci

ety

Gap

5

6 8

3 2

15

0 10

4

4 57

Fun

d 21

24

31

10

8

60

0 40

18

17

23

0

Co-

oper

ativ

e in

put s

ocie

ty

Gap

5

8 6

3 2

14

0 12

9

0 60

F

und

16

24

18

10

6 42

0

35

28

0 17

9

Ban

king

an

d in

sura

nce

faci

lity

Gap

4

54

0 0

30

75

0 2

0 0

164

Fun

d

Tot

al

Fun

d 20

0 23

4 20

0 13

0 10

5 30

0 42

20

8 30

0 40

1,

759

Not

e: G

ap m

eans

the

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

the

exis

ting

and

requ

ired

num

ber.

So

urce

: Fie

ld S

urve

y, 2

007-

08

15

3

Tab

le 5

.11

Exi

stin

g H

uman

Res

ourc

e fo

r A

gric

ultu

ral D

evel

opm

ent (

No.

)

Pos

itio

n Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

S P

R

S

P

R

S P

R

S

P

R

S P

R

S

P

R

S P

R

S

P

R

S P

R

S

P

R

S P

R

SMS

(Agr

i)

1 1

1 1

1 0

1 1

0 1

1 0

1 1

0 1

0 1

1 1

0 1

1 0

1 1

0 1

1 0

10

9 2

AD

Os

2 2

2 2

2 0

2 2

2 2

2 0

2 2

0 4

4 5

2 2

0 2

2 1

2 2

0 3

2 2

23

22

12

AE

Os

10

5 5

8 7

1 8

6 2

12

7 5

9 3

6 13

4

11

10

4 6

10

8 4

8 3

5 11

3

8 99

50

53

SMS

(Hor

ti)

0 0

0 0

0 1

0 0

1 1

1 0

0 0

1 1

1 0

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

2 2

7

HD

Os

3 1

1 1

1 0

3 2

1 2

1 0

2 1

0 3

2 5

2 1

2 1

1 1

1 1

0 1

0 2

18

11

12

HE

Os

8 8

5 3

3 1

5 5

0 5

50

6 5

1 0

0 0

4 4

8 4

3 3

4 4

2 4

4 0

43

41

20

Sr.

Vet

erin

ary

of

fice

rs

1 1

0 1

1 0

1 1

1 1

1 0

0 0

1 1

1 0

1 1

0 1

1 0

0 0

1 1

1 0

8 8

3

Vet

erin

ary

do

ctor

s8

8 2

3 3

0 5

5 2

0 0

1 3

3 0

3 3

5 5

4 1

3 2

1 3

3 5

2 2

0 35

33

17

Vet

erin

ary

ph

arm

acis

t 62

59

3

38

38

0 35

33

2

21

19

3 21

18

3

37

32

5 28

28

0

32

29

3 21

21

0

30

27

3 32

5 30

4 22

Oth

ers

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

3 3

0 0

0 0

28

24

4 38

35

3

3 3

2 3

3 0

75

68

9

Ext

ensi

onsp

ecia

lists

fo

r

Bee

kee

ping

0

0 1

0 0

1 1

1 0

0 0

2 0

0 1

0 0

2 0

0 2

0 0

1 0

0 2

0 0

1 1

1 13

Mus

hroo

ms

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 2

0 0

1 0

0 5

0 0

2 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 2

0 0

17

Flo

ricu

ltur

e 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

2 0

0 14

Fis

heri

es

4 2

2 0

0 2

1 1

1 1

1 3

1 1

1 1

1 3

0 0

0 2

2 4

0 0

0 0

0 2

10

8 18

Seri

cult

ure

4 2

2 2

2 0

0 0

1 0

0 0

0 0

1 3

2 5

14

11

3 6

6 6

1 1

0 0

0 1

30

24

19

prot

ecte

d

cult

ivat

ion

Tot

al10

3 89

26

59

58

8

62

57

15

46

38

17

48

37

17

67

50

48

95

80

30

100

90

30

44

39

20

56

43

24

679

581

238

Not

e: S

– S

anct

ione

d, P

– I

n po

sitio

n, R

– A

dditi

onal

Req

uire

men

t (ov

er a

nd a

bove

the

sanc

tione

d po

st)

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

4

Tab

le 5

.12

Fin

anci

al E

stim

ates

for

Req

uire

d H

uman

Res

ourc

es (R

s. L

akh)

Pos

itio

nSa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

R

Fun

ds

SMS

(A

gri)

1

18

- -

- -

- -

- -

1 18

-

- -

- -

- -

- 2

36

AD

Os

2 30

-

- 2

30

- -

- -

5 75

-

- 1

15

- -

2 30

12

18

0

AE

Os

5 45

1

9 2

18

5 45

6

54

11

99

6 54

4

36

5 45

8

72

53

477

SMS

(H

orti

) -

- 1

18

1 18

-

- 1

18

- -

1 18

1

18

1 18

1

18

7 12

6

HD

Os

1 15

-

- 1

15

- -

- -

5 75

2

30

1 15

-

- 2

30

12

180

HE

Os

5 45

1

9 -

- -

- 1

9 -

- 8

72

3 27

2

18

- -

20

180

Sr. V

eter

inar

y

offi

cers

-

- -

- 1

27

- -

1 27

-

- -

- -

- 1

27

- -

3 81

Vet

erin

ary

do

ctor

s 2

16.8

-

- 2

16.8

1

8.4

- -

5 42

1

8.4

1 8.

4 5

42

- -

17

143

Vet

erin

ary

ph

arm

acis

t 3

21.6

-

- 2

14.4

3

21.6

3

21.6

5

36

- -

3 21

.6

- -

3 21

.6

22

158

Oth

ers

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

4 24

3

18

2 12

-

- 9

54

Ext

ensi

on

spec

ialis

ts fo

r

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

- -

- -

-

Bee

kee

ping

1

18

1 18

-

- 2

36

1 18

2

36

2 36

1

18

2 36

1

18

13

234

Mus

hroo

ms

1 18

1

18

1 18

2

36

1 18

5

90

2 36

1

18

1 18

2

36

17

306

Flo

ricu

ltur

e1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

1

12

1 12

1

12

2 24

14

16

8

Fis

heri

es

2 24

2

24

1 12

3

36

1 12

3

36

- -

4 48

-

- 2

24

18

216

Seri

cult

ure

2 24

-

- 1

12

- -

1 12

5

60

3 36

6

72

- -

1 12

19

22

8

prot

ecte

d

cult

ivat

ion

Tot

al26

28

7 8

108

15

193

17

195

17

202

48

579

30

326

30

327

20

228

24

286

238

2,76

7

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

5

Tab

le 5

.13

Une

mpl

oym

ent S

tatu

s (N

o.)

Edu

cati

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t M

atri

cula

te

M

1,74

8.7

1,20

8.1

1,69

1.5

1,22

8.4

979.

2 2,

765.

3 22

9.6

53.2

2,

064

420

12,3

88

F 1,

226.

1 1,

044.

7 1,

406.

3 65

3.1

774

1,40

3 20

5 28

.5

1,50

5.3

265.

3 8,

511.

3 T

2,

974.

8 2,

252.

8 3,

097.

8 1,

881.

5 1,

753.

2 4,

168.

3 43

4.6

81.7

3,

569.

3 68

5.3

20,8

99.3

P

lus

two

M

701.

5 49

6.4

1,50

1.3

531.

9 64

7.1

1,11

3.3

192.

7 46

.1

948

247.

3 6,

425.

6 F

723.

9 72

3.9

723.

9 72

3.9

723.

9 72

3.9

723.

9 72

3.9

723.

9 72

3.9

7,23

9 T

1,

425.

4 1,

220.

3 2,

225.

2 1,

255.

8 1,

371

1,83

7.2

916.

6 77

0 1,

671.

9 97

1.2

13,6

64.6

G

radu

ate

M

363

297.

5 78

1.1

87.9

12

0.6

600.

9 25

5.8

21.9

30

2.7

118.

3 2,

949.

7 F

287.

7 18

1.1

553.

7 45

.3

63.9

20

8.6

197.

6 34

.1

168.

7 69

.3

1,81

0 T

65

0.7

478.

6 1,

334.

8 13

3.2

184.

5 80

9.5

453.

4 56

47

1.4

187.

6 4,

759.

7 P

ost g

radu

ate

M

142.

3 87

.5

104.

7 38

.8

36.9

15

5.6

102.

5 53

.8

90

33.1

84

5.2

F 96

.5

77.4

43

.1

23.1

16

.9

37.6

50

.8

33.6

39

.3

32.8

45

1.1

T

238.

8 16

4.9

147.

8 61

.9

53.8

19

3.2

153.

3 87

.4

129.

3 65

.9

1,29

6.3

Tec

h. tr

aine

d M

18

5.4

238

131.

3 59

.2

18.9

61

69

.7

28.5

26

0 70

.7

1,12

2.7

F 14

6.4

130

76.8

12

4 11

.3

30.5

72

.4

22.7

92

22

.7

728.

8 T

33

1.8

368

208.

1 18

3.2

30.2

91

.5

142.

1 51

.2

352

93.4

1,

851.

5 O

vera

ll

M

3,14

0.9

2,32

7.5

4,20

9.9

1,94

6.2

1,80

2.7

4,69

6.1

850.

3 20

3.5

3,66

4.7

889.

4 23

,731

.2

F

2,48

0.6

2,15

7.1

2,80

3.8

1,56

9.4

1,59

0 2,

403.

6 1,

249.

7 84

2.8

2,52

9.2

1,11

4 18

,740

.2

T

5,62

1.5

4,48

4.6

7,01

3.7

3,51

5.6

3,39

2.7

7,09

9.7

2,10

0 1,

046.

3 6,

193.

9 2,

003.

4 42

,471

.4

Not

e: M

– M

ale,

F –

Fem

ale,

T –

Tot

al

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

15

6

Tab

le 5

.14

Stat

us o

f Ent

erpr

ises

Blo

ck

Exi

stin

g P

oten

tial

In

vest

men

t (R

s. L

akh)

N

o of

uni

ts

Per

son

empl

oyed

(No.

)

Inve

stm

ent

(Rs.

Lak

h)

Pro

duct

ion/

day

seas

/yr

Per

son

empl

oyed

(No.

) E

mpl

oym

ent

Att

a C

hakk

i

Sada

r 13

0 42

5 36

.4

80

20

26

10

Bal

h 87

11

5 25

51

.44

87

115

25.1

Su

nder

naga

r 18

0 36

0 63

99

10

30

4.

5

Goh

ar

73

146

- -

2 4

2.5

Sera

j3

13

1.35

1

5 10

2.

4 K

arso

g 65

0 1,

000

1,30

0 81

2.5

700

1,40

0 21

Gop

alpu

r 42

6 42

6 21

3 53

2.5

50

50

25

Dha

rmpu

r 52

8 52

8 73

.92

924

30

30

4.5

Cha

untr

a 77

77

38

.5

- 12

5 12

5 62

.5

Dra

ng

303

303

45.4

5 45

4.5

- -

- T

otal

2,

457

3,39

3 1,

797

295.

49

1,02

9 1,

790

157.

5

Oil

Exp

elle

r Sa

dar

20

60

14

100

- -

-

Bal

h 40

40

10

.05

153

34

34

4.3

Sund

erna

gar

15

60

10.5

10

0 -

- -

Goh

ar

26

52

- -

- -

-

Sera

j-

- -

- -

- -

Kar

sog

100

100

50

275

250

300

250

Gop

alpu

r 4

5 2

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r 5

5 1

12.5

3

3 0.

66

Cha

untr

a 10

10

4.

5 -

45

45

20.2

5 D

rang

11

11

2.

2 33

-

- -

Tot

al

231

343

94.2

5 67

.35

332

382

275.

2

Ric

e Sh

elle

r Sa

dar

10

30

2.5

20

- -

-

Bal

h 60

60

5.

4 10

0 4

15

5.4

15

7

Sund

erna

gar

14

50

5.6

28

- -

-

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

- -

- -

- -

- K

arso

g 12

5 12

5 43

.75

250

250

250

125

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r 31

5 31

5 40

1,

575

10

10

1.5

Cha

untr

a 26

26

3.

9 -

- -

-

Dra

ng

123

123

14.7

6 5

- -

- T

otal

67

3 72

9 11

5.9

197.

8 26

4 27

5 13

1.9

B

aker

y Sa

dar

20

275

14

10

- -

- B

alh

4 15

2.

18

8.4

- -

- Su

nder

naga

r 15

20

0 7.

5 50

-

- -

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

-

Sera

j1

10

0.5

2 1

4 1.

5 K

arso

g 3

15

0.45

15

0 25

10

0 25

G

opal

pur

8 20

1.

44

- 25

-

-

Dha

rmpu

r 6

15

3 -

5 5

3.75

C

haun

tra

4 8

2 -

- -

- D

rang

2

6 1

3 2

10

1.2

Tot

al

63

564

32.0

7 23

.09

58

119

31.4

5

Mai

ze S

helle

r Sa

dar

422

530

5,06

4 25

,320

-

- -

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

400

500

10,0

00

20,0

00

- -

- G

ohar

50

50

-

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- -

- -

Kar

sog

450

450

90

11,2

50

550

550

137.

5 G

opal

pur

75

80

13.5

-

- -

-

Dha

rmpu

r 78

78

10

.92

1,36

5 10

0 10

0 18

C

haun

tra

- -

- -

40

40

5,00

0 D

rang

10

0 20

0 10

2,

000

100

200

10

Tot

al

1,57

5 1,

888

15,1

88

59,9

35

790

890

5,16

6

15

8

V

erm

i -C

ompo

st

Sada

r 40

0 1,

500

40

400

600

1,23

0 6

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

400

1,00

0 40

20

40

0 1,

000

4

Goh

ar

1 10

1

- -

- -

Sera

j53

25

5 6.

8 2

25

30

2.5

Kar

sog

50

50

5 -

150

150

15

Gop

alpu

r 13

9 50

0 14

-

200

100

20

Dha

rmpu

r 35

0 85

0 27

-

- -

- C

haun

tra

80

120

7 -

300

- -

Dra

ng

182

700

20

- -

- -

Tot

al

1,65

5 4,

985

160.

8 42

0.2

1,67

5 2,

510

47.5

Mus

hroo

m C

ompo

st

Sada

r -

- -

- -

- -

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

4 50

2

640

5 60

3

Goh

ar

1 1

0.5

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- 2

5 2.

5 K

arso

g -

- -

- 5

10

2.5

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- 1

10

1.75

C

haun

tra

2 2

1 -

- -

- D

rang

-

- -

- 1

10

12

Tot

al

7 53

2

640

14

95

21.7

5

Rur

al C

raft

Sa

dar

35

150

3.5

35,0

00

10

30

1.8

Bal

h 28

45

-

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

20

100

2 2,

00,0

00

- -

- G

ohar

45

0 45

0 -

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- 5

10

2.5

Kar

sog

150

350

7.5

- 20

0 50

0 60

G

opal

pur

126

- 6.

3 -

- -

- D

harm

pur

320

320

- -

50

50

-

15

9

Cha

untr

a 4

4 0.

4 -

- -

-

Dra

ng

310

310

- -

- -

- T

otal

1,

443

1,72

9 19

.7

2,35

,000

26

5 59

0 64

.3

N

urse

ry R

aisi

ng

Sada

r 10

10

0 10

0 2,

00,0

00

20

200

30

Bal

h 12

25

3

2,50

,000

12

25

-

Sund

erna

gar

15

100

0.6

3,50

,000

15

10

0 0.

6

Goh

ar

5 50

5

1,00

,000

10

10

0 15

.0

Sera

j17

80

14

.45

85,0

00

25

50

1.5

Kar

sog

34

34

34

50,0

00/y

r 10

0 10

0 20

Gop

alpu

r 5

50

5 1,

00,0

00

10

100

15

Dha

rmpu

r 2

20

2 40

,000

4

40

2.0

Cha

untr

a 2

20

2.0

40,0

00

4 40

2.

0 D

rang

2

20

2.0

40,0

00

4 40

2.

0

Tot

al

104

499

168.

05

12,5

5,00

0 20

4 79

5 88

.1

F

low

er N

urse

ry

Sada

r 5

10

12.5

50

,000

5

15

0.5

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

5 15

0.

5 50

,000

5

15

5 G

ohar

-

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j2

5 1

20,0

00

5 10

2.

5 K

arso

g -

- -

- -

- -

Gop

alpu

r 12

30

6

60,0

00

25

25

2.5

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a 1

2 0.

5 5,

000

4 8

0.2

Dra

ng

- -

- -

- -

-

Tot

al

25

32

14

1,85

,000

44

73

33

.2

Se

ed P

rodu

ctio

n Sa

dar

115

585

17.2

5 38

-

- -

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

100

500

10

350

- -

- G

ohar

-

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j15

45

11

.25

412.

5 35

70

5

16

0

Kar

sog

- -

- -

50

50

10

Gop

alpu

r 12

0 -

- -

- -

- D

harm

pur

- -

- -

3 30

1.

5 C

haun

tra

- -

- -

1 -

-

Dra

ng

- -

- -

3 30

1.

35

Tot

al

350

1,13

0 38

.5

80.0

5 92

18

0 17

.85

P

otte

ry

Sada

r 15

30

1.

5 -

- -

- B

alh

- -

- -

- -

- Su

nder

naga

r 10

20

0.

5 -

- -

-

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

- -

- -

- -

- K

arso

g 20

20

0.

4 -

100

200

25

Gop

alpu

r 70

-

- -

- -

-

Dha

rmpu

r 25

25

-

- 25

25

6.

25

Cha

untr

a 5

5 1.

25

- -

- -

Dra

ng

5 5

- -

- -

-

Tot

al

150

105

- -

- 22

5 31

.25

F

eed

Mill

Sa

dar

- -

- -

- -

-

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

2 50

0.

5 -

2 50

2.

5 G

ohar

1

7 -

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- -

- -

Kar

sog

100

100

- 12

5 25

0 25

0 6.

25

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 2

10

- D

rang

-

- -

- 1

5 -

Tot

al

103

157

0.5

12.5

25

5 31

5 -

F

ruit

& V

eget

able

Pro

cess

ing

Sada

r 3

225

- -

- -

- B

alh

3 21

22

.39

39.0

8 3

21

22.3

9

16

1

Sund

erna

gar

2 15

0 -

- -

- -

Goh

ar

1 4

- -

- -

- Se

raj

- -

- -

2 8

10

Kar

sog

- -

- -

25

50

12.5

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- 3

- -

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 1

25

-

Dra

ng

- -

- -

1 -

- T

otal

9

400

22.3

9 3.

908

35

104

44.8

9

Pic

kles

/Squ

ashe

s Sa

dar

5 20

0 -

125

- -

- B

alh

3 16

2.

4 10

.12

3 16

2.

4 Su

nder

naga

r 2

150

- 10

-

- -

Goh

ar

1 5

- -

- -

-

Sera

j-

- -

- 5

200

5 K

arso

g 1

15

0.25

25

0 10

0 20

0 25

G

opal

pur

- -

- -

0 -

-

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- 3

- -

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 10

-

- D

rang

-

- -

- 10

10

0 1

Tot

al

12

386

2.65

39

.51

131

516

33.4

Pul

se P

roce

ssin

g Sa

dar

20

223

2 -

- -

-

Bal

h 2

8 2.

1 6.

6 2

8 2.

1 Su

nder

naga

r 10

10

0 0.

5 -

- -

- G

ohar

-

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- 3

75

3

Kar

sog

5 5

0.1

25

25

25

2.5

Gop

alpu

r 10

-

- -

- -

- D

harm

pur

- -

- -

3 -

- C

haun

tra

- -

- -

- -

-

Dra

ng

- -

- -

20

200

- T

otal

47

33

6 4.

7 3.

16

53

308

7.6

16

2

B

eeke

epin

g E

quip

men

ts

Sada

r 3

70

3 -

- -

- B

alh

- -

- -

- -

- Su

nder

naga

r 4

85

4 -

- -

-

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

10

10

5 20

0 25

25

2.

5 K

arso

g -

- -

- 25

25

5

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 1

- -

Dra

ng

- -

- -

- -

- T

otal

17

16

5 12

20

0 51

50

7.

5

Hon

ey P

roce

ssin

g Sa

dar

10

50

5 5,

000

- -

-

Bal

h -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

10

50

5 5,

000

- -

- G

ohar

-

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j-

- -

- -

25

0.5

Kar

sog

- -

- -

- 25

5

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 1

- -

Dra

ng

- -

- -

0 -

-

Tot

al

20

100

10

10,0

00

51

50

5.5

W

ool C

ardi

ng

Sada

r 25

11

5 -

- -

- -

Bal

h 8

16

8.04

1.

4 8

16

8.04

Su

nder

naga

r 15

50

-

- -

- -

Goh

ar

26

26

- -

- -

-

Sera

j5

15

0.5

- 2

10

10

Kar

sog

- -

- -

25

25

5 G

opal

pur

- -

- -

- -

- D

harm

pur

- -

- -

1 -

-

16

3

Cha

untr

a -

- -

- 1

- -

Dra

ng

2 -

- -

- -

- T

otal

81

22

6 8.

54

1.4

37

51

23.0

4

Cot

ton

Car

ding

Sa

dar

- -

- -

- -

- B

alh

1 4

1.8

4.1

1 4

1.8

Sund

erna

gar

- -

- -

- -

-

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

- -

- -

2 4

1 K

arso

g -

- -

- -

- -

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r 3

3 0.

75

- -

- -

Cha

untr

a 10

10

5

- -

- -

Dra

ng

4 8

- -

- -

- T

otal

18

25

7.

55

0.41

3

8 2.

8

Shaw

l, W

oole

n G

arm

ents

Sa

dar

20

200

12

30

- -

- B

alh

19

87

6.5

23.6

9 19

87

6.

54

Sund

erna

gar

10

100

5 15

-

- -

Goh

ar

47

47

- -

- -

- Se

raj

3 10

1.

04

10

5 15

5

Kar

sog

150

150

22.5

62

.25

250

250

50

Gop

alpu

r 1

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r 6

6 0.

75

2 -

- -

Cha

untr

a 9

45

- -

- -

- D

rang

18

18

-

- -

- -

Tot

al

283

663

47.7

9 14

.29

274

352

61.5

4

Silk

Ree

ling

Sada

r -

- -

- -

- -

Bal

h 1

4 4

16

1 4

4 Su

nder

naga

r 2

25

- -

- -

- G

ohar

-

- -

- -

- -

Sera

j1

5 0.

1 1

3 15

0.

75

16

4

Kar

sog

20

20

1 10

0 30

0 30

0 45

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- 1

- 36

C

haun

tra

- -

- -

- -

-

Dra

ng

- -

- -

- -

- T

otal

24

54

5.

1 11

.7

305

319

85.7

5

Coc

oon

Dry

ing

Cha

mbe

r Sa

dar

- -

- -

- -

- B

alh

- -

- -

- -

- Su

nder

naga

r -

- -

- -

- -

Goh

ar

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

- -

- -

- -

- K

arso

g -

- -

- -

- -

Gop

alpu

r -

- -

- -

- -

Dha

rmpu

r -

- -

- 3

- 4.

5 C

haun

tra

- -

- -

- -

- D

rang

-

- -

- -

- -

Tot

al

- -

- -

3 -

4.5

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

16

5

Tab

le 5

.15

Pot

enti

al E

nter

pris

es fo

r U

nem

ploy

ed a

nd A

ssis

tanc

e R

equi

red

Ent

erpr

ise

Gen

erat

ion

of m

an

days

Ass

ista

nce

requ

ired

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dai

ry

365

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

-

-

�

� �

� �

2.C

redi

t �

� -

-

-

�

� �

� �

3. M

arke

ting

� �

-

-

-

� �

� �

� A

gric

ultu

re

365

1.T

echn

olog

y �

-

� -

�

� �

� �

-

2.C

redi

t �

-

� -

�

� �

� �

-

3. M

arke

ting

� -

�

�

� �

� �

-

Mus

hroo

m

culti

vatio

n

200

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

�

� �

� -

� �

2.C

redi

t �

� -

�

� �

� -

�

� 3.

Mar

ketin

g �

� -

�

� �

� -

�

� Fl

oric

ultu

re

365

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

�

� �

-

� �

-

2.C

redi

t �

� -

�

� �

-

� �

-

3. M

arke

ting

� �

-

� �

� -

�

� -

Fo

od

proc

essi

ng

unit

120

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.C

redi

t -

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

� -

-

-

-

-

-

B

ee k

eepi

ng

365

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

�

� �

-

-

-

-

2.C

redi

t �

� -

�

� �

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

� �

-

� �

� -

-

-

-

A

gro-

proc

essi

ng

unit

120

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

2.C

redi

t -

-

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

-

Po

ultr

y

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

-

� -

�

� 2.

Cre

dit

-

-

-

-

-

-

� -

�

�

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

-

-

� -

�

� Po

tato

pr

oces

sing

250

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

�

2.C

redi

t -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

�

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

�

16

6

Fish

erie

s

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

� 2.

Cre

dit

-

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

�

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

�

Veg

etab

le

culti

vatio

n

200

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

-

-

�

� �

� �

2.C

redi

t �

� -

-

-

�

� �

� �

3. M

arke

ting

� �

-

-

-

� �

� �

�

Ani

mal

hu

sban

dry

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

2.C

redi

t -

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

-

-

Rab

bit

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

�

-

-

-

-

-

-

�

2.C

redi

t -

�

-

-

-

-

-

-

�

3. M

arke

ting

-

� -

-

-

-

-

-

�

Poly

ho

use

vege

tabl

es

180

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.

Cre

dit

� �

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

� �

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nur

sery

ra

isin

g 15

0

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

2.C

redi

t -

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

-

-

Cot

tage

in

dust

ries

36

5

1.T

echn

olog

y -

-

-

-

-

� -

-

-

2.

Cre

dit

-

-

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

3. M

arke

ting

-

-

-

-

-

�

-

-

-

Her

bs

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

- -

- -

- -

� -

- 2.

Cre

dit

- -

- -

- -

- �

- -

3. M

arke

ting

- -

- -

- -

- �

- -

Api

ary

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

- -

- -

- -

- �

- 2.

Cre

dit

- -

- -

- -

- -

� -

3. M

arke

ting

- -

- -

- -

- -

� -

Pigg

ery

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

- -

- -

- -

- �

� 2.

Cre

dit

- -

- -

- -

- -

� �

3. M

arke

ting

- -

- -

- -

- -

� �

Org

anic

fa

rmin

g 20

0

1.T

echn

olog

y �

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 2.

Cre

dit

� -

- -

- -

- -

- -

3. M

arke

ting

� -

- -

- -

- -

- -

16

7

Flor

icul

ture

in

poly

hous

e 18

0

1.T

echn

olog

y -

� -

- -

- -

- -

- 2.

Cre

dit

- �

- -

- -

- -

- -

3. M

arke

ting

- �

- -

- -

- -

- -

Inpu

ts d

eal

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

- -

- �

- -

- -

- 2.

Cre

dit

- -

- -

� -

- -

- -

3. M

arke

ting

- -

- -

� -

- -

- -

Pick

le m

akin

g 36

5

1.T

echn

olog

y �

� �

� �

� �

� �

� 2.

Cre

dit

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

3. M

arke

ting

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

Seri

cultu

re

365

1.T

echn

olog

y -

- -

- -

- -

� -

- 2.

Cre

dit

- -

- -

- -

- �

- -

3. M

arke

ting

- -

- -

- -

- �

- -

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

16

8

Tab

le 5

.16

Agr

ibus

ines

s E

stab

lishm

ents

(No.

)

Blo

ck

Stat

us

Agr

o sa

le c

entr

es

PA

CS

Rur

al h

andi

craf

t C

oope

rati

ves

F

arm

ers

co-o

pts

Oth

ers

P

ublic

P

riva

te

Pub

lic

Pri

vate

Sa

dar

E28

40

13

7

2 8

1 -

R60

61

40

21

10

20

5

- G

32

21

27

14

8 12

4

- B

alh

E7

54

- -

- -

- -

R2

8 -

- -

- -

- G

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sund

erna

gar

E20

30

-

- 1

- -

- R

20

19

1 -

1 -

10

- G

- -

1 -

- -

10

- G

ohar

E

18

32

74

- 20

-

6 -

R8

6 13

-

6 -

2 -

G-

- -

- -

- -

- Se

raj

E34

63

-

- -

- -

- R

90

90

5 7

7 5

15

- G

56

27

5 7

7 5

15

- K

arso

g E

15

45

- 15

0 -

1 5

- R

180

80

- 22

5 -

60

20

- G

165

35

- 75

-

59

15

- G

opal

pur

E-

- -

- -

- -

- R

- -

- -

- -

- -

G-

- -

- -

- -

- D

harm

pur

E7

12

- -

- -

- -

R5

5 3

- -

- 3

1 G

- -

3 -

- -

3 1

Cha

untr

a E

- 17

-

- -

- -

- R

10

- 2

- 2

2 -

- G

10

- 2

- 2

2 -

- D

rang

E

10

42

- -

- -

2 -

R20

-

1 -

1 -

2 -

G10

-

1 -

1 -

- -

Dis

tric

tE

139

335

87

447

23

9 14

-

R39

5 26

9 65

25

3 27

87

57

1

G25

6 -

- -

4 78

43

1

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

16

9

Tab

le 5

.17

Dru

dger

y of

Wom

en (P

er C

ent R

espo

nse)

Par

ticu

lars

M

ode

of

oper

atio

n Sa

dar

Bal

h Su

nder

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Agr

icul

tura

l ope

rati

ons

Clo

d br

eaki

ng

Man

ually

69

.67

100

50.3

84

.37

58.4

7 66

.45

65.5

3 91

.61

100

84.5

9 77

.09

Usi

ng

digg

ing

hoe

- -

17.2

3 -

22

.77

34

.47

- -

2.21

19

.17

Padd

y tr

ansp

lant

ing

Man

ually

50

.3

100

51.9

2 73

.02

-

44.7

8 10

0 82

.71

100

54.6

7 73

.04

Man

urin

g &

fe

rtili

zatio

n M

anua

lly

75.5

2 10

0 10

0 56

.54

65.7

36

.88

91.9

77

.03

100

62.4

8 76

.61

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Inte

rcul

tura

l op

erat

ions

M

anua

lly

80.8

4 10

0 10

0 61

.73

73.6

90

.93

95.1

4 88

.19

100

79.8

4 87

.03

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

2.75

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

2.75

Thr

eshi

ng

&

win

now

ing

Man

ually

14

.11

4.24

30

.68

55.3

2 72

.75

47.6

8 18

.62

81.2

7 39

.33

44.8

5 40

.89

Pow

er

mac

hine

ry

85.8

9 95

.76

67.8

2 8.

18

4 15

.75

71.6

6 8.

64

79.6

3 18

.99

45.6

3

Liv

esto

ck r

eari

ng o

pera

tion

s Fo

dder

re

sour

ces

Cul

tivat

ed

7.96

22

.91

48.5

5 89

.07

11.0

4 82

.35

14.2

2 1.

12

18.6

3 33

.41

32.9

3 G

hasn

i 73

.45

77.2

3 63

.87

89.0

7 71

.72

84.1

8 85

.78

68.2

5 36

.05

65.4

5 71

.51

Bot

h 18

.58

1.58

21

.13

89.0

7 15

.61

40.9

5 10

0 29

.5

45.0

6

40.1

6 Fo

dder

cu

tting

T

radi

tiona

l to

ols

85.1

5 10

0 10

0 90

.04

56.2

10

0 10

0 72

.42

99.0

3 85

.47

88.8

3

Impr

oved

T

ools

4.

03

- -

21

.04

- -

- 0.

47

-

8.51

Fodd

er

tran

spor

tatio

n O

n he

ad/B

ackl

oad

84.1

6 10

0 87

.29

86

86.7

2 82

.74

88.5

1 91

.61

99.0

2 69

.73

87.5

8

Tra

ctor

-tro

lley

5.76

34.5

2 -

- -

11.4

9 -

0.

39

13

.04

Fodd

er

chaf

fing

C

haff

cut

ter

14.8

21

.81

38.9

4 6.

54

5.52

2.

39

13.0

4 5.

45

28.3

1 16

.83

15.3

6 W

ithou

t ch

aff-

cutte

r 84

.12

78.1

9 39

.5

88.2

2 53

.17

38.6

2 86

.96

88.4

1 71

.69

66.5

5 69

.54

Feed

ing

syst

em

Insi

de M

ange

r 11

.75

32.4

6 17

.59

1.78

2.

76

43.3

5 32

.11

4.29

4.

46

3.32

15

.39

On

floo

r 88

.25

67.5

4 25

.91

91.8

2 84

.61

53.8

6 67

.89

95.7

1 69

.83

95.4

7 74

.09

17

0

Feed

ing

prac

tices

St

all f

eedi

ng

68.2

2 98

.17

39.0

6 23

.43

8.19

68

.67

95.2

4 86

.25

57.7

3 71

.63

61.6

6 G

razi

ng

13.4

6 39

.59

6.26

68

.48

65.4

8 42

.99

4.76

-

14

.61

21.7

4 30

.82

Bot

h 18

.31

54

.69

5.41

7.

77

8.83

37

.24

1.54

22

.57

17

.37

Ani

mal

was

te

disp

osal

B

io-g

as p

lant

0.87

5.

57

- -

- 3.

83

-

0.61

1.

99

2.57

H

ead/

Bac

k-lo

ad to

fie

ld

30.9

4 12

.72

36.8

2 75

.87

75.6

2 51

.69

3.24

87

.36

69.6

4 49

.39

49.3

3

FYM

72

.34

86.4

96

.19

1.82

15

.26

42.5

58

.46

12.6

4 4.

04

55.6

8 44

.53

Cle

anin

g of

an

imal

s &

sh

eds

Man

ually

10

0 10

0 10

0 14

.21

82.8

6 94

.77

100

100

99.7

8 64

.71

85.6

3 W

ater

Pr

essu

re J

et

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Milk

ing

oper

atio

n H

and

milk

ing

100

79.3

9 89

.1

94.4

4 91

.29

100

100

100

100

98.6

7 95

.29

Mac

hine

M

ilkin

g -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Selli

ng

of

milk

W

ithin

Vill

age

40.6

9 52

.1

55.7

2 9.

1 69

.23

95

.55

61.3

4 93

.94

26.2

1 55

.98

Dis

tant

M

arke

t -

47

.9

15.1

59

.44

23.5

7

4.45

-

4.

33

2.41

22

.46

Chu

rnin

g of

m

ilk

Man

ually

34

.5

2.06

20

.02

96.4

69

.03

23.2

8 6.

55

8.18

2.

36

46.6

5 30

.9

Usi

ng

Mac

hine

65

.5

97.9

4 74

.75

81.8

5 -

-

93

.45

91.8

2 97

.55

52.1

4 81

.88

Ani

mal

she

d K

achh

a 86

.26

86

91.7

9 88

.27

92.7

8 95

.06

57.9

6 87

.99

83.8

3 94

.25

86.4

2 Pu

cca

13.7

4 14

11

.57

5.33

1.

7 4.

94

42.0

4 12

.01

13.6

3 6.

85

12.5

8 A

nim

al

shed

fl

oor

Kac

hha

88.4

8 93

.06

80.2

2 95

.02

100

86.9

54

.51

84.0

6 84

.71

97.7

9 86

.48

Pucc

a 11

.52

6.94

3.

57

1.78

1.86

45

.49

15.9

4 14

.38

2.21

10

.37

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

17

1

Tab

le 5

.18

Liv

esto

ck F

eedi

ng P

ract

ices

(kg/

anim

al/d

ay)

Fod

der

/f

eed

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t C

ross

bred

cow

s G

reen

fod

der

12.5

20

.0

15.0

10

.0

8.0

9.5

8.0

8.0

5.0

14.0

12

.0

Dry

fod

der

6.0

5.0

4.5

6.5

5.0

6.5

4.75

6.

5 5.

0 6.

0 5.

58

Con

cent

rate

2.

0 2.

5 2.

5 1.

5 1.

5 2.

2 1.

0 1.

5 2.

5 2.

0 1.

9

Loc

al c

ows

Gre

en f

odde

r 8.

0 10

.0

8.0

8.5

7.0

8.5

8.0

7.5

8.5

8.0

8.2

Dry

fod

der

4.0

4.5

4.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.8

Con

cent

rate

0.

6 1.

75

0.85

1.

0 0.

80

1.5

1.45

1.

2 1.

5 1.

2 1.

19

Buf

falo

es

Gre

en f

odde

r 13

..0

15

14

12.0

-

13

.0

18

13.0

14

.0

13.0

13

.89

Dry

fod

der

6.0

7 6.

5 6.

5 -

7.

0 6.

5 7.

0 6.

5 6.

5 6.

61

Con

cent

rate

2.

0 3.

0 2.

0 2.

0 -

2.

5 2.

5 2.

8 2.

5 2.

5 2.

42

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

17

2

Tab

le 5

.19

Yie

ld G

aps

in F

ruit

Cro

ps (q

/ha)

Cro

p

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

App

le

A

22.1

2 14

.52

8.41

37

.41

53.9

0 58

.97

-

-

20.0

0 27

.13

30.3

1

P 39

.81

29.0

3 25

.22

56.1

2 67

.38

73.7

2 -

-

40

.00

54.2

6 48

.19

G

17.6

9 14

.52

16.8

2 18

.71

13.4

8 14

.74

-

-

20.0

0 27

.13

17.8

9

Plum

A

6.47

6.

66

1.54

4.

31

3.53

2.

43

3.02

4.

72

5.24

3.

57

4.15

P 11

.59

11.2

5 3.

84

6.46

7.

06

7.28

7.

55

9.43

10

.00

11.1

1 8.

56

G

5.11

4.

59

2.30

2.

15

3.53

4.

85

4.53

4.

72

4.77

7.

54

4.41

Peac

h

A

7.08

14

.88

6.38

2.

17

13.3

3 3.

75

9.38

7.

59

4.76

4.

17

7.35

P 15

.65

18.7

5 14

.11

7.61

19

.07

9.71

18

.63

15.1

1 11

.81

13.5

4 14

.40

G

8.57

3.

87

7.72

5.

43

5.73

5.

96

9.25

7.

52

7.05

9.

38

7.05

Apr

icot

A

17.4

4 5.

17

- 5.

17

7.35

8.

15

- -

8.15

7.

50

8.42

P 22

.66

9.77

-

12

.56

22.9

4 15

.20

-

-

14.5

8 17

.63

16.4

8

G

5.22

4.

60

- 7.

39

15.5

9 7.

05

- -

6.43

10

.13

8.06

Pear

A

8.39

18

.37

7.79

19

.11

14.9

3 7.

21

6.48

14

.08

18.1

8 11

.76

12.6

3

P 27

.26

24.5

9 20

.18

31.5

3 18

.81

20.5

6 15

.99

25.2

0 24

.87

27.1

8 23

.62

G

18.8

7 6.

23

12.3

9 12

.42

3.88

13

.35

9.51

11

.12

6.69

15

.41

10.9

9

Kiw

i

A

8.33

10

.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.17

P 24

.92

23.6

0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24

.26

G

16.5

8 13

.60

- -

- -

- -

- -

15.0

9

Pom

ergr

anat

e

A

8.93

6.

15

5.00

3.

00

9.00

3.

23

3.50

4.

00

4.71

5.

71

5.32

P 13

.57

13.1

1 14

.45

10.5

0 13

.77

7.81

8.

98

9.44

11

.20

11.4

2 11

.42

G

4.64

6.

95

9.45

7.

50

4.77

4.

58

5.48

5.

44

6.49

5.

70

6.10

Oliv

e

A

20.0

0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20.0

0

P 35

.60

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35.6

0

G

15.6

0 -

- -

- -

- -

- -

15.6

0

17

3

Pers

imm

on

A

6.67

19

.23

17.5

0 3.

57

5.56

6.

25

16.6

7 16

.67

7.89

16

.67

11.6

7

P 17

.27

23.6

5 21

.35

12.2

5 14

.94

13.4

4 22

.50

20.5

0 18

.86

24.8

3 18

.96

G

10.6

0 4.

42

3.85

8.

68

9.39

7.

19

5.83

3.

83

10.9

7 8.

17

7.29

Alm

ond

A

6.73

-

- -

3.13

7.

68

- -

5.15

4.

31

5.40

P 12

.12

-

-

-

7.31

11

.98

-

-

11.9

1 12

.33

11.1

3

G

5.39

-

- -

4.19

4.

30

- -

6.75

8.

02

5.73

Wal

nut

A

2.05

2.

88

7.84

2.

33

2.21

2.

02

2.08

2.

78

0.67

0.

76

2.56

P 4.

42

5.45

9.

88

5.40

5.

73

5.03

5.

43

5.17

1.

55

1.61

4.

42

G

2.38

2.

57

2.04

3.

07

3.52

3.

01

3..3

5 2.

39

0.88

0.

86

1.86

Peca

n nu

t

A

2.08

-

- -

- -

- -

- 2.

78

2.43

P 4.

65

-

-

- -

- -

-

-

4.94

4.

80

G

2.56

-

- -

- -

- -

- 2.

17

2.36

Man

go

A

3.85

4.

49

4.78

-

- -

5.50

3.

70

4.27

2.

94

4.22

P 6.

85

9.11

8.

41

-

- -

11

.61

8.69

8.

45

7.43

8.

65

G

3.00

4.

62

3.63

-

- -

6.11

4.

99

4.18

4.

49

4.43

Litc

hi

A

10.0

0 12

.50

7.54

-

- -

5.71

5.

77

10.2

6 10

.29

8.87

P 18

.90

23.6

3 20

.29

-

-

-

13.2

0 14

.48

18.9

7 19

.46

18.4

2

G

8.90

11

.13

12.7

4 -

- -

7.49

8.

71

8.72

9.

16

9.55

Gua

va

A

14.5

8 21

.67

24.2

6 8.

48

- 15

.89

9.87

13

.49

6.82

13

.19

14.2

5

P 28

.88

31.6

3 35

.18

20.7

7 -

28

.44

22.0

1 26

.71

15.7

5 24

.54

25.9

9

G

14.2

9 9.

97

10.9

2 12

.29

- 12

.55

12.1

4 13

.22

8.93

11

.35

11.7

4

Ano

le

A

20.0

0 20

.00

50.0

0 -

0.00

0.

00

22.2

2 12

.07

12.5

0 41

.67

25.4

9

P 37

.20

45.0

0 72

.50

-

-

-

45.5

6 28

.24

32.6

3 64

.17

46.4

7

G

17.2

0 25

.00

22.5

0 -

- -

23.3

3 16

.17

20.1

3 22

.50

20.9

8

Jack

frui

t

A

- -

- -

- -

1.43

1.

07

- -

1.25

P -

-

-

-

-

-

3.

36

2.88

-

-

3.

12

G

- -

- -

- -

1.93

1.

81

- -

1.87

17

4

Papa

ya

A

12.5

0 30

.00

21.4

3 -

- -

23.3

3 20

.00

16.6

7 16

.67

20.0

9

P 30

.38

49.5

0 51

.64

-

-

-

49.4

7 37

.80

38.5

0 39

.33

42.3

7

G

17.8

8 19

.50

30.2

1 -

- -

26.1

3 17

.80

21.8

3 22

.67

22.2

9

Gra

pes

A

40.0

0 -

60.0

0 -

- -

40.0

0 -

- -

46.6

7

P 86

.00

-

70.8

0 -

-

-

74

.00

-

-

-

76.9

3

G

46.0

0 -

10.8

0 -

- -

34.0

0 -

- -

30.2

7

Ora

nge

A

0.66

0.

63

3.03

-

- -

1.04

1.

81

0.95

1.

58

1.39

P 1.

27

1.20

4.

00

-

-

-

1.95

3.

16

1.67

2.

61

2.26

G

0.61

0.

58

0.97

-

- -

0.91

1.

36

0.71

1.

03

0.88

Kin

now

A

- -

32.3

5 -

- -

33.3

3 20

.00

46.3

0 50

.00

36.4

0

P -

-

57

.59

-

-

-

67.0

0 35

.20

62.5

0 61

.50

56.7

6

G

- -

25.2

4 -

- -

33.6

7 15

.20

16.2

0 11

.50

20.3

6

Mal

ta

A

10.0

0 -

- -

- -

- -

5.00

7.

69

7.56

P 17

.50

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.9

5 15

.15

14.5

3

G

7.50

-

- -

- -

- -

5.95

7.

46

6.97

B/L

ime

A

2.40

2.

41

4.10

2.

27

- -

2.41

1.

14

1.98

2.

73

2.43

P 6.

11

5.33

7.

59

5.57

-

-

6.

38

3.35

5.

04

6.08

5.

68

G

3.70

2.

92

3.49

3.

30

- -

3.97

2.

22

3.06

3.

36

3.25

Gal

gal

A

31.2

5 28

.13

9.88

35

.00

- -

10.0

0 21

.05

15.2

8 36

.59

23.4

0

P 51

.88

64.9

7 29

.74

65.4

5 -

-

24

.30

50.7

4 37

.13

59.6

3 47

.98

G

20.6

3 36

.84

19.8

6 30

.45

- -

14.3

0 29

.68

21.8

5 23

.05

24.5

8

Oth

ers

A

26.6

7 16

.00

37.5

0 -

- -

30.0

0 60

.00

50.0

0 12

.00

33.1

7

P 49

.60

32.1

6 66

.94

-

-

-

60.0

3 93

.60

98.5

0 29

.88

61.5

3

G

22.9

3 16

.16

29.4

4 -

- -

30.0

3 33

.60

48.5

0 17

.88

28.3

6

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

17

5

Tab

le 5

.20

Liv

esto

ck P

rodu

ctio

n E

stim

ates

(Uni

ts/a

nim

al/d

ay)

Typ

e of

ani

mal

Sa

dar

Bal

h S.

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

D

istr

ict

Cro

ssbr

ed c

ows

(l/d

ay)

A4.

55

6.56

5.

50

4.23

4.

7 5.

14

5.26

4.

60

5..3

5 5.

98

5.19

P15

.00

12.0

0 12

.00

11.0

13

.0

12.0

0 11

.00

10.0

0 12

.00

12.0

0 12

.00

G10

.45

5.44

6.

50

6.77

8.

3 6.

86

5.74

5.

40

6.65

6.

02

6.81

Loc

al c

ows

(l/d

ay)

A1.

17

1.45

1.

69

0.93

2.

58

2.04

2.

82

1.47

1.

65

1.45

1.

72

P3.

00

3.50

3.

00

2.00

4.

00

4.00

4.

00

3.00

3.

50

4.00

3.

40

G1.

83

2.05

1.

31

1.07

1.

42

1.96

1.

18

1.53

1.

85

2.55

1.

68

Buf

falo

es (

l/day

)

A4.

03

4.50

4.

88

3.64

-

4.93

5.

50

4.76

3.

30

5.30

4.

54

P10

.00

8.00

10

.50

8.00

-

10.0

0 12

.00

11.0

0 8.

00

12.0

0 9.

95

G5.

97

3.50

5.

62

4.36

-

5.07

6.

50

6.24

4.

70

6.70

5.

41

Goa

ts (

l/day

) A

0.50

0.

50

0.61

0.

50

0.18

0.

30

0.50

0.

60

0.50

0.

50

0.47

P1.

50

2.0

1.75

1.

50

1.50

1.

20

2.00

1.

80

2.00

1.

50

1.68

G1.

00

1.50

1.

14

1.00

1.

32

0.90

1.

50

1.20

1.

50

1.00

1.

21

Goa

t mea

t (k

g/go

at)

A13

.50

11.0

0 11

.50

15.0

0 15

.00

14.0

0 15

.70

15.2

0 13

.50

13.5

0 13

.79

P20

.00

17.0

0 20

.00

22.0

0 22

.00

22.5

0 24

.00

24.0

0 23

.00

21.0

0 21

.60

G6.

50

6.00

8.

50

7.00

7.

00

8.50

8.

30

8.80

9.

50

7.50

7.

81

Shee

p w

ool (

kg/y

ear)

A0.

90

1.00

0.

79

0.90

0.

80

1.00

0.

73

0.85

0.

90

0.95

0.

88

P1.

60

2.00

1.

30

2.00

2.

00

2.20

1.

83

1.80

2.

10

2.00

1.

88

G0.

70

1.00

0.

51

1.10

1.

20

1.20

1.

10

0.95

1.

20

1.05

1.

00

Not

e: A

=A

ctua

l, P=

Pote

ntia

l yie

ld, G

= G

ap

So

urce

: Fie

ld S

urve

y, 2

007-

08

Tab

le 5

.20

Con

td…

..

17

6

Tab

le 5

.21

a V

arie

tal a

nd T

echn

olog

ical

Pro

blem

s fo

r F

ruit

Cro

ps (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Cro

ps/P

robl

em

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

App

le

Flow

er d

rop

and

dise

ases

16

.67

-40

-

20

- -

- -

-

Not

pru

ned

prop

erly

-

- -

- -

- 20

-

- -

Impr

oper

fe

rtili

zatio

n

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

-

New

pla

ntat

ion

star

ted

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 28

.6

Dis

ease

s an

d in

sect

-pe

sts

16.6

7 -

- 50

80

16

.67

- -

- -

Tra

inin

g-pr

unin

g no

t don

e -

- -

25

40

- -

- -

-

Lac

k of

impr

oved

va

riet

ies

-16

.67

-25

-

- -

- -

-

Irri

gatio

n -

16.6

7 -

-

- -

- -

- L

ow y

ield

due

to

old

plan

ts

- -

- 25

-

- -

- -

-

Can

ker

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

App

le s

cab

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Sanj

ose

scal

e -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- C

itru

s

C

itrus

dec

line

and

cank

er

16.6

7 50

40

-

- 33

.33

40

80

16.6

7 14

.3

Poor

man

agem

ent

of f

ertil

izer

and

w

ater

con

sum

ptio

n 16

.67

- -

- -

- -

60

- -

Uno

rgan

ised

pl

anta

tion

- -

- -

- -

- 20

-

-

Mar

ketin

g -

- -

- -

- -

- 50

-

Dis

ease

and

inse

ct-

pest

s at

tack

-

16.6

7 -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-

17

7

Lac

k of

pro

cess

ing

plan

t -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

14.3

Lac

kof

impr

oved

va

riet

ies

- -

- -

- -

- -

16.7

Man

go

-

- -

Man

go

mal

form

atio

n 16

.67

50

40

- -

16.6

7 40

10

0 -

Inse

cts

- -

40

- -

- -

80

- -

Dis

ease

s -

16.6

7 -

- -

- 20

80

16

.7

- St

ray

anim

als

- -

- -

- -

-

- -

Hig

h m

orta

lity

rate

-

- -

- -

- 40

-

- -

Fros

t -

- -

- -

- 40

-

- 14

.3

Lac

k of

res

ista

nt

root

sto

ck

- -

- -

- -

- -

16.7

-

Lit

chi

- -

- -

- Fr

ost

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

- Ir

riga

tion

-

- -

- -

- -

- 50

-

Mar

ketin

g

- -

- -

- -

- -

16.7

-

Pea

ch

Loc

al r

oots

tock

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

14.3

A

pric

ot

-

- -

- L

ocal

var

ietie

s -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14.3

Sm

all s

cale

-

- -

25

- -

- -

- 14

.3

Low

yie

ld d

ue to

ol

d pl

ants

-

- -

25

- -

- -

- -

Pom

egra

nate

-

Inse

ct p

est a

nd

dise

ases

-

- 20

-

- -

- -

- -

New

pla

ntat

ion

- -

- 75

-

- 40

-

- -

Wild

type

-

- -

75

- -

20

- -

- pa

paya

--

- -

- -

Fros

t inj

ury

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

17

8

Tab

le 5

.21

b V

arie

tal a

nd T

echn

olog

ical

Int

erve

ntio

ns fo

r F

ruit

Cro

ps (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Cro

p/in

terv

enti

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

App

le

Aw

aren

ess,

trai

ning

and

de

mon

stra

tion

50

16.6

7 40

75

10

0 50

20

-

- 28

.6

Cit

rus

Exp

osur

e vi

sit a

nd

trai

ning

16

.67

66.6

7 40

-

- 33

.33

20

100

50

14.4

3

Aw

aren

ess

16.6

7 50

20

-

- 16

.67

40

80

50

14.4

3

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g st

ruct

ure

- -

- -

- -

- 20

16

.67

14.4

3

Subs

idiz

ed o

rcha

rd

esta

blis

hmen

t -

- -

- -

- -

- 16

.67

-

Man

go

Aw

aren

ess

and

expo

sure

vi

sit

16.6

7 50

40

-

- 33

.33

80

100

50

14.3

Proc

essi

ng p

lant

-

- -

- -

- -

16

.67

Su

bsid

ized

orc

hard

es

tabl

ishm

ent

- -

- -

- -

- -

16.6

7 -

Lit

chi

Aw

aren

ess

and

expo

sure

vi

sit

- -

- -

- -

- -

50

-

Pea

ch

Aw

aren

ess

16.6

7 50

40

-

- 33

.33

80

100

50

14.3

A

pric

ot

A

war

enes

s -

- -

50

- -

- -

- 28

.6

Dry

frui

ts

Aw

aren

ess

and

dem

onst

ratio

n 16

.67

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Pom

egra

nate

A

war

enes

s an

d de

mon

stra

tion

- -

20

50

- -

40

- -

-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

17

9

Tab

le 5

.22

Inci

denc

e of

Liv

esto

ck D

isea

ses

(Per

Cen

t)

Typ

e of

an

imal

dise

ase

Sada

r

Bal

h

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

Dis

tric

t

Infe

-ct

ed

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

ed

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

ed

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

edM

orta

-lit

y In

fe-

cted

M

orta

-lit

y In

fe-

cted

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

ed

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

ed

Mor

ta-

lity

Infe

-ct

edM

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20

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50

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20

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2

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Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

18

1

Tab

le 5

.23

a In

terv

enti

on fo

r L

ives

tock

Dis

ease

s (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Dis

ease

In

terv

enti

on

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

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g G

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pur

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rmpu

r C

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tra

Dra

ng

Cat

tle

and

Buf

falo

es

FMD

C

are,

is

olat

ion

and

vacc

inat

ion

100

67

80

100

80

67

40

20

33

-

V

acci

natio

n -

33

- -

80

- 40

20

-

86

Pr

even

tion

isol

atio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

- -

- -

80

- -

20

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V

et. h

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tal

for

prop

er

man

agem

ent

- -

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- 17

-

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Hem

orrh

agic

Se

ptic

emia

Pr

even

tion

83

100

20

- 80

50

-

20

33

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V

acci

natio

n -

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17

-

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86

Tym

pani

B

ette

r m

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0 67

80

10

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60

10

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A

war

enes

s 17

67

20

10

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60

20

83

0

Tre

atm

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17

17

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100

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14

Pneu

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Tim

ely

care

10

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80

10

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40

60

50

43

A

war

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ng

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20

10

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T

reat

men

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17

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100

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14

Dia

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Pr

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tion

and

care

10

0 83

10

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40

40

83

86

V

acci

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n 50

33

-

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T

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60

17

14

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40

17

0

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Car

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50

80

10

0 10

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10

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67

86

Tre

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17

17

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100

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14

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- -

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-

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18

2

End

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s

Vac

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100

83

80

100

80

33

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83

71

C

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83

-

100

40

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20

50

29

B

ette

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17

- 10

0 80

-

40

20

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D

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min

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-

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Pr

even

tion

and

care

-

- 20

-

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T

rain

ing

cam

ps

- -

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- 17

-

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-

Ect

opar

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s

Prev

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n 83

10

0 10

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33

-

40

50

71

A

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d m

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t 17

10

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10

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50

-

C

are

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-

100

40

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14

B

alan

ce d

iet

and

man

agem

ent

- -

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60

- 40

20

33

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D

ippi

ng a

nd

spra

y -

- -

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-

T

reat

men

t -

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14

Rep

eat B

reed

ing

Tim

ely

AI

and

bette

r m

anag

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t 33

10

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 33

40

60

33

86

B

alan

ced

nutr

ition

17

10

0 60

10

0 10

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60

40

17

-

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men

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33

- -

80

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14

T

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cam

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-

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17

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Hae

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uria

T

reat

men

t -

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17

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- 29

T

rain

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cam

ps

- -

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- 17

-

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-

Ret

aine

d pl

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ta

Aw

aren

ess

and

man

agem

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- -

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0 -

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-

18

3

Shee

p &

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and

vacc

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33

67

- 10

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17

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T

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cam

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-

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Man

ge

Car

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d is

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83

50

80

100

100

50

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33

57

T

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40

100

100

33

40

40

83

43

Lic

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Prop

er c

are

67

33

80

100

100

33

80

80

67

86

T

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- -

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0 10

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29

End

opar

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s C

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lines

s an

d tr

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100

67

80

100

100

50

60

20

50

100

D

ewor

min

g an

d be

tter

man

agem

ent

- 67

-

100

100

17

- 40

-

-

T

rain

ing

cam

ps

- -

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- 17

-

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-

Dia

rrhe

a/D

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tery

T

imel

y ca

re

100

67

100

100

100

- 60

60

33

57

T

reat

men

t -

50

- 10

0 10

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T

rain

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cam

ps

- -

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- 17

-

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Poul

try

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osis

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ette

r m

anag

emen

t an

d ca

re

- -

20

50

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17

-

Ran

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t dis

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ette

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t an

d ca

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- -

20

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40

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lpox

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t an

d ca

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-

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18

4

Mer

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dise

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Bet

ter

man

agem

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and

care

-

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40

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Equ

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Res

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ette

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17

67

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40

60

17

29

V

acci

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-

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-

14

T

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men

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100

20

17

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Col

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Bet

ter

man

agem

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and

care

17

50

60

10

0 10

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40

40

50

43

T

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17

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14

Inte

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par

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17

67

60

100

40

33

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-

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cina

tion

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20

100

40

17

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-

-

B

ette

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t an

d ca

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- 17

-

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-

40

40

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Gla

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s V

acci

natio

n -

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- -

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20

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C

are

- -

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-

-

Pr

oppe

r er

adic

atio

n -

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20

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Rab

bits

D

iarr

hoea

V

acci

natio

n -

17

- -

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- -

- -

Man

ge

Vac

cina

tion

- 17

-

- -

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-

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

18

5

Tab

le 5

.23

b In

terv

enti

on fo

r F

eed

and

Fod

der

Dev

elop

men

t (P

er C

ent o

f Pan

chay

ats)

Inte

rven

tion

Sa

dar

Bal

h S.

naga

r G

ohar

Se

raj

Kar

sog

Gop

alpu

r D

harm

pur

Cha

untr

a D

rang

F

odde

r Su

mm

erG

reen

Irri

gatio

n fo

r fo

dder

cro

ps

100

100

40

- 10

0 16

.67

20

80

100

57.1

4 C

hari

+lo

bia

- 83

.33

- -

80

20

83.3

3 71

.43

Impr

oved

gra

sses

-

50

40

100

60

16.6

7 60

20

-

28.5

7 A

war

enes

s th

roug

h tr

aini

ng

- 33

.33

60

100

100

16.6

7 -

- -

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ffic

ient

sup

ply

- -

- -

- -

20

- -

- C

onso

lidat

ion

of h

oldi

ngs

- -

- -

- -

- -

- 14

.28

Bet

ter

man

agem

ent

- -

- -

- 50

-

- -

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ry

Hay

and

sila

ge

33.3

3 10

0 40

10

0 10

0 -

60

40

100

57.1

4 Im

port

ance

for

im

prov

emen

t of

ghas

ni

- 10

0 -

100

100

- -

20

50

57.1

4

Prod

uctio

n of

impr

oved

gr

asse

s an

d fo

dder

-

16.6

7 -

100

100

- 20

20

-

28.5

7 A

war

enes

s th

roug

h tr

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ng

- 16

.67

60

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7 -

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ette

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emen

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50

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ny

Gre

en

W

ith d

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0 10

0 40

10

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60

20

83.3

3 57

.14

Aw

aren

ess

thro

ugh

trai

ning

33

.33

100

60

100

100

16.6

7 -

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.33

- Si

lage

mak

ing

- 33

.33

- 10

0 10

0 -

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50

14.2

8 Ir

riga

tion

and

HY

V

fodd

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rops

-

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16.6

7 -

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57.1

4 B

ette

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50

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H

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16

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83.3

3 40

10

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80

40

33.3

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18

6

Aw

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thro

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16

.67

83.3

3 60

10

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YV

fo

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Bet

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man

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Win

ter

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tion-

bers

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66

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100

20

100

100

80

40

83

.33

85.7

1 A

war

enes

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66.6

7 10

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10

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0 16

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20

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14.2

8 Ir

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HY

V

fodd

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16.6

7 -

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ette

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Dry

Im

prov

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10

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60

60

50

100

Hay

mak

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10

0

100

10

20

40

33

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14.2

8 A

war

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80

100

100

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fodd

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Fee

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Aw

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10

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100

40

33.3

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Hom

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100

40

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20

16

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57.1

4 A

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60

100

60

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14.2

8 Su

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16

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66.6

7 57

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Min

eral

s

A

war

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- 20

10

0 60

-

80

40

66.6

7 -

Subs

idy

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- 10

0 60

-

- 20

66

.67

- A

war

enes

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roug

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ng

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40

100

60

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14.2

8 B

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16.6

7 -

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18

7

Vet

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10

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50

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Aw

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expo

sure

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vey,

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8

Tab

le 5

.24

Pro

blem

s an

d In

terv

enti

ons

for

Cul

ture

d F

ishe

ries

Con

stra

int

Inte

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dar

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hS.

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pur

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lity/

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nger

lings

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ly o

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7-08

189

Chapter VI

DISTRICT PLAN

6.1 Plan Estimates

Budget outlay has been proposed for eight different sectors viz; interventions to improve and enhance sustainability of crop production system, need based infrastructure development, natural resource conservation and management, niche based enterprises for rural entrepreneurs, fruit production, livestock, poultry & fisheries, human resources and research & extension activities. Within the sub-sectors and main sectors as a whole, the budget provision for five years and its yearly allocation have been shown in Table 6.1. The total budget for plan has been proposed at Rs. 1,272.51 cores. A major component of the proposed budget is infrastructure development (48.24 per cent of total budget) like irrigation, rural markets and rural roads. The next important item of the budget is natural resource conservation and management and the proportion of allocation is around 41.25 per cent of the total budget. The remaining budget has been mainly allocated to the improvement and enhancement of crop production (3.37 per cent), human resource development (2.24 per cent), fruit production (1.87 per cent) and livestock, poultry and fisheries (1.70 per cent).

6.2 New/ Innovative Schemes

The innovative schemes have been identified for achieving the growth and development of agriculture, rural sectors and district economy as a whole. These schemes are related to agriculture, infrastructure and irrigation and details of theses schemes along with their estimates have been presented in Tables 6.2 and 6.3. The innovative schemes include:

� Creation of water harvesting structures like ponds, check dams, etc.

� Provision of irrigation through the development of major and minor Kuhls from the potential sources and incentives for the development of micro irrigation structures at individual farmer level, namely, sprinkler, drip and tank structures.

� Natural resource (soil, land, water) conservation and resource use efficiencies.

� Protection of crops against biotic and abiotic stresses.

� Horticulture (Development of hill specific resistance cultivars, zero energy cool storage structures and installation of modern scientific equipment- anti gun, etc)

� Trout fish farming through pond construction and distribution of fingerlings.

� Livestock development (management/improvement and fodder development, supply of feed kits, mobile veterinary services, etc)

� Organic farming of apple and production of vermi-compost.

190

� Diversified farming through protected cultivation

� Expansion of agro-tourism in the surrounding villages of Prashar Lake (Sadar block) and Rewalsar lake (Balh block), Chuhar valley in Drang, Nainidhar and Chattarbhuja areas of Chauntra, Kamlah Fort in Dharmpur, Janjehali and Gada Gusain areas of Seraj block. Similarly, the agro-tourism can also be developed at places of interest like temples, sanctuaries, hill tops, etc

� Development of rural infrastructure (rural markets, rural roads, bridges and rope ways, etc)

� Agriculture mechanization (incentives on improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers, chaff cutters, milk churners etc) to reduce drudgery of women.

6.3 Prioritisation of Different Schemes

The prioritisation of schemes that came into light during the course of data collection through PRA technique has been shown in Table 6.4. It can be observed from the table that strengthening and provision of irrigation facilities was accorded the first priority in eight blocks leaving Sundernagar and Gohar. In case of Sundernagar, the first priority was control of stray and wild animals’ menace. However, that was the second priority of the majority of the farmers in most of other blocks. Soil and water conservation was given third priority in Sadar, Seraj, Gopalpur, Dharmpur and Drang, whereas incase of Gohar, it was ranked first priority. The other priority areas of most of the blocks in order of ranking were improvement of culturable waste, diversification towards vegetables and fruit and transfer of technology and adoption of package of practices.

Under the horticulture sector, first priority given by majority of the farmers in the district was construction of water harvesting structures. Farmers in Seraj, Gopalpur, Dharmpur and Drang ranked intensification as second priority for them. As far as animal husbandry is concerned, livestock improvement was accorded top priority in all most all the blocks, except Sundernagar and Karsog. Farmers in Sundernagar and Karsog ranked skill upgradation as the first priority for them whereas farmers in other blocks gave second priority to it. Production of quality fodder and marketing of animal products were the third and fourth priorities for the majority of farmers in the district. Awareness and training on fisheries was also given top priority by the farmers in Sundernagar, Seraj and Karsog blocks.

6.4 Projected Outcomes, Growth Rates and Input Requirement

Exploitation of irrigation potential (lift and ground water) will provide irrigation to an area of 29,344 hectares in the district. Available water potential shall be exploited and thereby 29,344 hectares of land shall be brought under protective and assured irrigation. With the

191

implementation of plan, the farmers will have adequate/assured irrigation facilities compared to existing situation. For example, the cultivated land and productive support land would increase by 62.86 and 63.14 per cent, respectively (Table 6.5).

The projected outcomes and growth rates in respect of crop production have been worked out by presuming enhancement of land with irrigated area and crop improvement programmes like management of weed infested lands, etc (Scenario I) and diversion of 20 per cent irrigated area to vegetables crops (Scenario II) and the same have been presented in Tables 6.6. Briefly, the tables indicate that foodgrain production is expected to increase from 2, 93,309 metric tonnes to 3, 76, 020 metric tonnes after the implementation of the plan recording a growth rate of 5.68 per cent per annum in scenario I. Even in Scenario II when 20 per cent of irrigated land is shifted to high value cash crop production, the growth rate of foodgrains production shall be fairly high at 4.44 per cent per annum.

Similarly, the production of vegetables is expected to accelerate from 1, 06,021 metric tonnes to 1, 43,578 metric tonnes in scenario I, recording a growth rate of 7.08 per cent per annum when proportion of area under these crops remains same and to 3, 14,419 metric tonnes recording a growth rate of 39.31 per cent per annum in scenario II, if 20 per cent of the irrigated area will be brought under these crops. This may generate a marketable surplus of 2, 90,861 metric tonnes and create additional employment opportunities to the unemployed youth in the district through forward and backward linkages.

The projected output growth rates based on actual and potential yield presented in Table 6.7 revealed that the annual growth rates of cereals, pulses, oil seeds and vegetables were 16.23, 12.43, 10.11 and 11.14 per cent, respectively.

The projected output growth in horticulture crops has been presented in Table 6.8 and it can be observed from the table that with the implementation of plan, the apple yield in Mandi district will increase from 30.31 to 48.19 quintals/ha, showing an annual growth rate of 7.35 per cent. The production of other important fruit in the district will also increase. For example, the production of stone fruit will increase from 742 to 1,211 metric tonnes, citrus from 6,523 to 12,324 metric tonnes and mango from 1,605 to 3,562 metric tonnes. Resultantly, the annual growth rate of these fruit will also increase at the rate of 17.61, 7.41 and 10.16 per cent, respectively.

The projections for animal products and live animals have been given in Table 6.9. It can be seen from the table that the milk production from crossbred cow will increase at the rate of 26.24 per cent per annum. With the implementation of plan, the milk production from indigenous cows will increase from 382 to 751 metric tonnes, at the growth rate of 19.31 per cent / annum. The annual growth rate of buffalo and goat milk production would be 23.83 and 51.49 per cent, respectively. The wool production in the district is expected to increase from 148 to 316 metric

192

tonnes, indicating 22.70 per cent annual growth rate. The number of sheep/goats and poultry live animals reared for meat purpose will also increase by 14.49 and 1.96 per cent per annum, respectively.

Agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry sectors are projected to grow at 15.91 , 13.67 and 25.82 per cent per annum, respectively. The fish production has been projected to grow at 22.32 per cent/ annum. The overall growth rate of agricultural economy of the district due to agriculture and its allied sectors has been projected to grow at 23.44 per cent per annum (Table 6.10).

The demand for different types of fertilizers like UREA, 12:32:16 and MOP has been projected to increase to 7,664.38, 3,121.94 and 545.29 metric tonnes, respectively by the year 2012-13 under scenario I. Under scenario II, the demand for these fertilizers has been projected to increase at 8,447.19, 3,444.19 and 599.08 metric tonnes, respectively. And in scenario III, it has been projected to increase to 9,292.7, 3,792.52 and 657.03 metric tonnes, respectively (Table 6.11).

The demand for seed materials like maize, wheat, paddy, barseem, pulses, vegetables, seed potato and ginger has been projected to increase to 709.14, 3,352.63, 388.11, 49.98, 611.41, 111.65, 120.66 and 425.30 metric tonnes, respectively. Under scenario II, the demand for seeds has been projected to increase at 774.66, 3,642.53, 424.28, 54.54, 656.45, 123.11, 133.17 and 455.50 metric tonnes, respectively (Table 6.12).

6.5 Growth Drivers

The availability of suitable agro-climatic conditions to grow high value cash crops (fruit, off-season vegetables, mushroom, medicinal & aromatic plants), rising demand for these crops coupled with huge markets for them in the neighbouring states including Azadpur market New Delhi are the most important growth drivers of the crop sector particularly, the cultivation of high value cash crops. Likewise, emerging huge local demand for milk and milk products in the district because of increasing urbanization, coming up of new educational institutions, rising population and their income level and hydro-electric projects work, are important potential growth drivers of animal husbandry sector. The availability of basic infrastructural facilities like assured irrigation, rural roads, rope ways, the Control Atmosphere Storage (CAS), extension facilities, etc are the important growth drivers for different sectors. The development and diffusion of new agricultural technologies to increase yield levels, eradicate and control of weeds to improve the productivity of support and pasture lands and reduce the cost of cultivation is sine qua non for realizing the rich potential available in the district.

193

6.6 Vision of the Plan

The implementation of the proposed plan shall accelerate the on going process of crop diversification which includes not only the cultivation of vegetables and fruit but also other high value cash crops like medicinal and aromatic plants, off-season vegetables and mushrooms. This shall make the district as one of the leading producers of off - season vegetables and fruit. The harnessing of irrigation potential both through irrigation schemes like flow irrigation and watershed development shall go a long way in reducing risks and stabilizing the production of different crops. Likewise, improving rural connectivity and marketing infrastructures shall further accelerate the process of crop diversification towards fruit, vegetables, etc. As mentioned above, the district has a potential to switch over to organic cultivation of different crops like apple, medicinal and aromatic plants, off season vegetables which can be sold at premium price both in domestic and international markets. As a result of all these, there will be a significant increase in the income and employment of the farmers. This whole process is expected to give rise to number of rural non-farm activities encouraging the process of transfer of workers from agriculture to non-agricultural sector.

The climatic change may invite the introduction of new crops and threaten the economic viability and ecological sustainability of existing crops. Many more new challenges are expected to emerge like the emergence of new diseases and insect-pests. Certain valuable fauna and flora may disappear. There might be shortage of water due to less rainfall, snow fall and its early melting. Besides, climatic changes several second generation problems may also emerge like newer and more efficient technologies which may endanger the economic viability of existing crops and cropping systems. All these emerging challenges call for concerted efforts to understand full implications of such changes and devise effective strategies to cope up with such challenges.

194

Table 6.1 District Agricultural Plan: Sectoral Outlays and Yearly Allocation (Rs. Lakh)

Sr.No.

Schemes Total Plan Yearly Allocation

Outlay I II III IV V


4,285 642.75 857 857 857 1,071.25

1 Improvement of productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and spices crops through promotion of HYV seeds including hybrids

650 97.5 130 130 130 162.5


450 67.5 90 90 90 112.5


250 37.5 50 50 50 62.5


700 105 140 140 140 175

(i) Sprinkler 600 90 120 120 120 150

(ii) Drip 100 15 20 20 20 25

5 Agricultural mechanization through popularization of improved tools and hill specific machinery like power tillers, tractors, crop planters/ harvesters, sprayers, clod breakers and gender friendly post harvesting equipments to remove women drudgery

260 39 52 52 52 65


1,900 285 380 380 380 475


35 5.25 7 7 7 8.75


40 6 8 8 8 10

II Need Based Infrastructure Development

61,391 9,208.65 12,278.2 12,278.2 12,278.2 15,347.75

1 Irrigation 17,345 2,601.75 3,469 3,469 2,286.8 4,336.25

195

2 Improvement of on-farm water delivery and efficiency of existing irrigation systems

18,081 2,712.15 3,616.2 3,616.2 3,616.2 4,520.25

3 Rural markets 1,759 263.85 351.8 351.8 351.8 439.75

4 Rural roads for connectivity 24,206 3,630.9 4,841.2 ,4841.2 4,841.2 6,051.5

III Natural Resource Conservation and Management

52,496 7,874.4 10,499.2 10,499.2 10,499.2 13,124


2,488 373.2 497.6 497.6 497.6 622


43,875 6,581.25 8,775 8,775 8,775 10,968.75

3. Land improvement 6,133 919.95 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,226.6 1,533.25

IV Niche Based Enterprises for Rural Entrepreneurs

160 24 32 32 32 40

(i) Organic farming 48 7.2 9.6 9.6 9.6 12

(ii) Mushroom 22 3.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.5

(iii) Sericulture 90 13.5 18 18 18 22.5

V Fruit Production 2,380 357 476 476 476 595

VI Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries 2,166 324.9 433.2 433.2 433.2 541.5

1 Livestock improvement 1,145 171.75 229 229 229 286.25

2 Fisheries 1,021 153.15 204.2 204.2 204.2 255.25

VII Human Resources 2,850 427.5 570 570 570 712.5


2,767 415.05 553.4 553.4 553.4 691.75


83 12.45 16.6 16.6 16.6 20.75

VIII Research & Extension 1,523 228.45 304.6 304.6 304.6 380.75

IX All Sectors & Schemes 1,27,251 19,087.65 25,450.2 25,450.2 25,450.2 31,812.75


196

Table 6.2 New Schemes for Agriculture and Rural Development

Block No. of schemes

Village (No.)

Beneficiary families (No.)

Potential area(ha)

Funds required (Rs. Lakh)

Watershed Development including Tanks, Ponds, Check Dams, etc. Sadar 15 212 340 2,500 6,250 Balh 51 51 315 2,500 6,250 Sundernagar 10 100 200 1,500 3,750

Gohar 2 9 150 1,700 4,250 Seraj - - - 1,500 3,750 Karsog 3 80 480 1,500 3,750

Gopalpur 1 - 30 2,000 5,000 Dharmpur 425 75 5,000 2,000 5,000 Chauntra 825 126 3,200 820 2,050 Drang 4 - - 1,500 3,750

Total 1,336 653 9,715 17,520 43,800 Soil/Land Conservation Schemes

Sadar 5 28 451 575 60

Balh 140 140 300 600 40 Sundernagar 4 20 300 450 50 Gohar 54 9 100 117 70.78

Seraj 36 36 233 83 50 Karsog 8 35 350 100 800 Gopalpur 350 55 1,550 516 455

Dharmpur 850 75 5,000 2,000 400 Chauntra 1,280 112 1,850 6,500 512 Drang 3 4 40 60 47

Total 2,730 514 10,174 11,001 2,417.78 Fruit Production

Sadar 4 168 600 1,123 99

Balh 6 35 3,000 1,000 80 Sundernagar 4 150 500 1,000 95 Gohar - 75 175 150 94.46 Seraj 11 183 517 200 18

Karsog 3 500 5,000 10,000 1,500 Gopalpur - - - 3,000 200 Dharmpur 1 262 10,000 1,000 72

Chauntra 3 278 1,271 500 150 Drang 188 104 433 187.93 22 Total 220 1,755 21,496 18,160.93 2,330.46

FisheriesSadar 50 100 200 - 50 Balh 20 12 17 4 3.2

Sundernagar 50 150 700 100 50

Gohar 9 4 9 0.27 1.8

197

Seraj 37 20 37 0.12 -

Karsog 500 125 500 10 750

Gopalpur - - - - -

Dharmpur 50 50 50 2.5 50

Chauntra 45 15 45 - 112

Drang 11 7 7 0.6 4

Total 772 483 1,565 117.49 1,021

Livestock Improvement Schemes

Sadar 8 150 - - 30

Balh 8 193 8,000 1,000 500

Sundernagar 4 150 750 - 50

Gohar 1 7 1,200 - 2

Seraj 6 255 1,235 240 18

Karsog 3 300 2,800 - 250

Gopalpur - - - - 5

Dharmpur 1 262 9,000 - 30

Chauntra - - - - -

Drang 5 320 18,804 - 260

Total 36 1,637 41,789 1,240 1,145 Rural Roads (km)

Sadar 23 651 2,125 2,125 150

Balh 9 40 4,000 1,000 800

Sundernagar 20 500 2,000 2,000 150

Gohar 279 84 - - 2,786

Seraj 250 130 455 - 25

Karsog 947 518 17,883 - 750

Gopalpur 21 - - - 500

Dharmpur 200 80 - - 300

Chauntra 18 108 2,800 306 270

Drang 294 124 - - 5,880

Total 2,061 2,235 29,263 5,431 11,611

Bridges

Sadar 10 62 1,035 1,035 500

Balh 6 50 3,600 2,000 800

Sundernagar 10 50 1,,000 1,000 400

Gohar 5 - - - 325

Seraj 7 35 210 - 11

Karsog - - - - -

Gopalpur 3 - - - 200

Dharmpur 5 20 - - -

198

Chauntra 240 180 4,700 336 160

Drang - - - - -

Total 486 397 10,545 6,871 2,395

Rural Markets

Sadar 12 108 3,138 3,138 200

Balh 5 193 4,000 3,000 234.2

Sundernagar 10 100 3,000 5,000 200

Gohar 1 20 500 1,500 130

Seraj 21 200 1,000 - 105

Karsog 60 518 17,883 - 300

Gopalpur - - - 5,000 42

Dharmpur 10 72 2,780 - 208.4

Chauntra 15 130 4,500 - 300

Drang 2 - - - 40

Total 136 1,341 36,801 17,638 1,759.6

Protected Cultivation

Sadar 2 15 150 6 281.48

Balh 2 14 138 5.5 258.02

Sundernagar 1 15 151 6 281.48

Gohar 1 5 50 2 93.83

Seraj 2 15 152 5 234.57

Karsog 1 5 50 2 93.83

Gopalpur 2 15 153 5 234.57

Dharmpur 1 5 50 2 93.83

Chauntra 2 16 154 5 234.57

Drang 1 5 50 2 93.83

Total 15 110 1,098 40.5 1900

Organic Farming

Sadar - - - 40 4.0

Balh - - - 40 4.0

Sundernagar - - - 40 4.0

Gohar - - - 60 10.0

Seraj - - - 60 10.0

Karsog - - - 60 10.0

Gopalpur - - - 50 6.0

Total - - - 350 48.0


19

9

Tab

le 6

.3 N

ew I

rrig

atio

n Sc

hem

es

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

S.na

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ngD

istr

ict

Lif

t Irr

igat

ion

Num

ber

6 5

10

7 2

10

- 10

4

- 47

Am

ount

req

uire

d (

Rs.

Lak

h)

1,36

5 16

5 60

0 60

0 51

4,

500

3,

300

1,20

0

11,7

81

Vill

ages

to b

e co

vere

d 15

0 5

- -

27

135

- 6.

5 -

- 32

4

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

250

- -

83

1,50

0 -

450

- -

2,28

3

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

909.

97

110

400

400

34

3,00

0 -

2,20

0 80

0 -

7,85

3.97

Use

of g

roun

d w

ater

Num

ber

- -

25

- -

40

- -

- -

65

Am

ount

req

uire

d (R

s.

Lak

h)

- -

800

- -

800

1,60

0

Vill

ages

to b

e co

vere

d -

- -

- -

40

- -

- -

40

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

- -

- -

400

- -

- -

400

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

- -

400

- -

400

- -

- -

800

Kuh

l

Num

ber

10

10

30

12

4 65

42

11

30

8

222

Am

ount

req

uire

d (R

s. L

akh)

51

0 11

2.5

25

0 97

.5

562.

5 87

5 55

0 88

1.25

12

5 3,

963.

75

Vill

ages

to b

e co

vere

d 70

10

-

4 25

65

70

11

-

8 26

3

Ben

efic

iari

es (

No.

) -

160

- 50

14

2 65

0 -

220

- 10

5 1,

327

Com

man

d ar

ea (

ha)

408

90

- 20

0 78

45

0 70

0 44

0 70

5 10

0 3,

171

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

20

0

Tab

le 6

.4 P

rior

itiz

atio

n of

Dif

fere

nt S

chem

es (R

ank)

Sect

or

Sche

me

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Agr

icul

ture

Stre

ngth

enin

g an

d pr

ovis

ion

of I

rrig

atio

n fa

cilit

ies

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

Stra

y an

d w

ild a

nim

als

2

1

2

2 2

2 2

Soil

and

wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion

3

2 1

3

3 3

3

Impr

ovem

ent o

f cu

ltura

ble

was

te la

nds

4

4 4

4

Div

ersi

fica

tion

tow

ards

ve

geta

bles

and

fru

its

4 2

5

5 5

5

Tra

nsfe

r of

tech

nolo

gy a

nd

adop

tion

of p

acka

ge

prac

tices

3 3

2 6

6

6 3

6

Res

earc

h fo

r H

YV

's

4

4

7

7

7

Prod

uctio

n an

d pr

otec

tion

tech

nolo

gy

5 5

8

7

4

Mar

ketin

g fa

cilit

y

6

9

5

Subs

idy

on s

eed,

fer

tiliz

er,

impl

emen

ts a

nd p

oly-

hous

es

7

Up

grad

atio

n of

irri

gatio

n fa

cilit

y in

the

bloc

k

Lan

d co

nsol

idat

ion

2

Che

ck d

am

3

Inte

nsif

icat

ion

of a

gric

aw

aren

ess

activ

ity

4

Fill

the

post

of

AD

O,

AE

O's

etc.

5

20

1

Hor

ticu

ltur

e

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g st

ruct

ure

1 1

1

1

1 1

1

Inte

nsif

icat

ion

1

2

2 2

2

Aw

aren

ess

and

trai

ning

2

3

1 3

3

3

Div

ersi

fica

tion

2 2

2

4 2

4 4

4

Intr

oduc

tion

of n

ew f

ruit

plan

ts a

nd n

ew v

arie

ties

3

3 3

5

5 5

1 5

Exo

tic a

nd o

ff-s

easo

n ve

geta

bles

, med

icin

al-

arom

atic

pla

nts

4 3

4

6

6

Poly

-hou

se c

ultiv

atio

n 5

4 5

7

7

2

Bal

ance

d fe

rtili

zatio

n

5

8

8

Frui

t pro

cess

ing

plan

t, co

ld

stor

age

6

9

9

3

App

le s

pur

vari

etie

s ad

optio

n, m

ushr

oom

cu

ltiva

tion

7

10

Inte

nsif

icat

ion

of d

isea

se

man

agem

ent p

rogr

amm

e

3

Ava

ilabi

lity

of f

ungi

cide

, pe

stic

ide

4

Ani

mal

H

usba

ndry

Liv

esto

ck im

prov

emen

t 1

1

1 1

1

1 1

1

skill

up

grad

atio

n 2

2 1

2

1 2

2 2

2

Prod

uctio

n of

qua

lity

fodd

er

3

2

3

3

3 3

Mar

ketin

g

3 4

4

4

Man

agem

ent o

f w

ild

anim

al

2

5

3

Dis

ease

man

agem

ent a

nd

A.I

. fac

ility

4 3

4 6

4

Tra

inin

g fa

cilit

ies

5

4

7 2

5

Coo

pera

tive

dair

y so

ciet

y 3

5

5 8

Org

aniz

ed p

oultr

y fa

rmin

g 4

6

9

20

2

Feed

mill

10

4

Prop

er m

anag

emen

t 5

3

Oth

ers

Irri

gatio

n

1

1

Ani

mal

s 1

2

2

Wee

ds a

nd b

ushe

s

1

3

3

Mul

tipur

pose

tree

s

2

4

4

Fish

erie

s: a

war

enes

s an

d tr

aini

ng

2

1

1 1

Impr

oved

gra

sses

3

2

3

Ver

mic

ultu

re

4

3

1

Bio

- fe

rtili

zer

5

4

2

Api

ary,

ser

icul

ture

, m

ushr

oom

5

5 3

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g st

ruct

ures

1

The

re s

houl

d be

one

st

atis

tical

win

g in

BD

O

offi

ce

2

Mac

ro m

anag

emen

t sch

eme

at b

lock

leve

l

3

Agr

o-ec

otou

rism

6

1 6

6 4

5

Fiel

d st

aff

4

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

203

Table 6.5 Augmentation of Land and Water Resources: Physical Targets (ha)

Blocks Cultivated land

Potential cultivable

land

Productive support

land

Potential support

land

Existing irrigated

area

Potential irrigated

land

Irrigation potential through water

harvesting

Sadar 12,062 5,086 13,091 2,874 780 1,318 2,500

Balh 10,416 4,974 3,182 897 3,369 200 2,500

S Nagar 8,730 7,382 10,760 2,204 611 800 1,500

Gohar 6,838 5,348 5,601 2,516 452 600 1,700

Seraj 10,613 1,400 6,724 2,882 310 111 1,500

Karsog 11,756 773 12,200 4,745 425 3,850 1,500

Gopalpur 9,043 271 4,406 1,714 1,150 700 2,000

Dharmpur 8,963 204 8,292 4,271 928 2,640 2,000

Chauntra 7,018 6,417 4,143 1,692 1,745 1,505 820

Drang 7,486 2,649 5,791 3,550 784 100 1,500

District 92,925 34,504 74,191 27,344 10,554 11,824 17,520


Table 6.6 Projected Output Growth of Foodgrains and Vegetables

Crop Existing Potential production (mt)

Growth (% p. a)

Area(ha)

Production (mt)

Yield(q/ha)

Scenario I

Scenario II

Scenario I

Scenario II

Maize 48,681 1,37,282 28.20 1,68,652 1,60,130 4.57 3.33

Paddy 20,942 26,344 12.58 37,776 36,140 8.68 7.44

Wheat 66,373 1,21,193 18.26 1,56,003 1,48,479 5.74 4.50

Barley 3,839 7,002 18.24 8,632 8,198 4.66 3.42

Pulses 3,280 1,489 4.54 1,813 1,721 4.35 3.11

Foodgrains 1,44,798 2,93,309 20.23 3,76,020 3,57,841 5.68 4.44

Vegetables 5,762 1,06,021 184.00 1,43,578 3,14,419 7.08 39.31

Note: Scenario I is output growth with increased irrigated area and crop improvement programmes Scenario II is output growth with diversion of 20% irrigated area to vegetables crops Source: Field Survey, 2007-08

204

Table 6.7 Projected Output and Growth in Production of Different Agricultural Crops

Crop Current production (mt)

Projected production (mt)

Growth rate in production (% p.a.)

Cereals

Maize 1,10,506 2,10,789 18.15

Paddy 46,282 83,140 15.93

Wheat 1,51,994 2,86,731 17.73

Barley 5,375 9,367 14.86

Buckwheat 53 88 13.04

Millets 51 76.59 6.65

Total 2,15,173 3,90,817 16.33 Pulses Rongi 14 33.36 27.89

Mash 946 1,516.38 12.05

Moong 6 8.36 7.83

Rajmash 2,691 4,677.26 14.76

Gram 140 205.88 9.43

Lentil 139 225.64 12.55

Kulthi 44 62.18 8.51

Total 2,912 4,721.87 12.43 OilseedsSesame 20 27.36 8.00

Sarson 132 211.63 12.13

Toria 37 47.40 5.71

Linseed 163 244.90 10.00

Gobhi sarson 20 28.80 9.39

Total 372 560.09 10.11 Vegetables Potato 3,05,112 4,83,013 11.66 Peas 15,543 25,489 12.80

Tomato 14,099 21,837 10.98

Beans 2,039 2,440 3.93

Onion 3,960 5,731 8.94

Cabbage 12,938 16,604 5.67

Cauliflower 7,142 10,451 9.27

Okra (Bhindi) 2,446 2,947 4.09

Cucurbits 5,808 7,945 7.36

Capsicum 2,621 3,054 3.31

Brinjal 1,849 2,179 3.57

Total 3,73,557 5,81,690 11.14 Green Fodder (Barseem) 41,422 51,454 4.84

Note: Growth rate based on gaps between yields of average farmers and progressive farmers

205

Table 6.8 Projected Output Growth in Fruit Production

Particular Existing Potential Growth rate in

production (% p.a)

Area(ha)

Production (mt)

Yield(q/ha)

Area(ha)

Production (mt)

Yield(q/ha)

Apple 15,193 46,050 30.31 17,987 86,679 48.19 7.35 Stone fruit 1,896 742 3.92 2,325 2,311 9.94 17.61 Citrus fruit 4,101 6,523 15.91 4,375 12,324 28.17 7.41 Mango 3,807 1,605 4.22 4,118 3,562 8.65 10.16 Litchi 257 228 8.87 409 753 18.42 19.21 Guava 656 935 14.25 848 2,204 25.99 11.31 Papaya 27 54 20.09 41 174 42.37 18.35 Walnut 1,016 260 2.56 1,331 588 4.42 10.52


Table 6.9 Projected Output Growth in Livestock Products and Live Animals for Sale

Particular Existing Potential Growth rate in

production (% p.a)

No. Production (mt)

Milkyield

(l/kg/day)

No. Production (mt)

Milkyield

(l/kg/day) Milk (Crossbred cows) 3,70,276 1,922 5.19 3,70,276 4,443 12 26.24 Milk (Indigenous cows) 2,21,016 382 1.73 2,21,016 751 3.4 19.31 Buffaloes 70,165 319 4.54 70,165 698 9.95 23.83 Goat 2,62,761 123 0.47 2,62,761 441 1.68 51.49 Wool/sheep (per yr) 1,67,920 148 0.88 1,67,920 316 1.88 22.70 Wool/rabbitary 10,000 1 0.095 10,000 2 0.15 11.58 Sheep/ goat for meat 74,085 1,022 13.79 81,568 1,762 21.6 14.49 Poultry bird sold 3,39,570 - - 3,72,848 - - 1.96


6.10. Projected Value of Output and Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Sector Current value productivity (Rs. Lakh)

Projected value productivity (Rs. Lakh)

Growth rate (% p.a)

Agriculture 36,462.87 65,461.50 15.91 Horticulture 9,152.53 15,407.70 13.67 Animal husbandry 1,53,251.63 3,51,103.60 25.82 Fisheries 47.50 100.50 22.32 Overall 1,98,914.53 4,32,073.30 23.44


20

6

Tab

le 6

.11

Fer

tilis

er D

eman

d, A

ctua

l Sup

ply

and

Pro

ject

ions

for

2012

-13

(mt)

Yea

r C

AN

U

RE

A

12:3

2:16

SS

P

MO

P

Dem

and

Supp

ly

Dem

and

Supp

ly

Dem

and

Supp

ly

Dem

and

Supp

ly

Dem

and

Supp

ly

2003

-04

1,89

0 1,

504

6,39

1.5

6,30

5.53

2,

871.

88

2,71

8.33

39

9.7

375.

5 32

5 30

9.15

2004

-05

1,00

0 96

3 6,

200

6,10

6.8

2,90

0 2,

896.

85

140

138.

55

245

242

2005

-06

300

292.

7 6,

000

5,80

0 3,

000

2,69

9 30

5 25

9 33

0 30

2.9

2006

-07

300

277.

55

9,05

0 9,

015

4,00

0 3,

952.

35

300

293

330

308

2007

-08

300

252.

85

7,00

0 6,

801.

04

3,00

0 1,

236.

6 30

0 25

4.8

421

374.

25

Gro

wth

rat

e (%

p.a

.)

-30.

79

-30

1.83

1.

52

0.8

-14.

57

-5.5

6 -7

.46

5.31

3.

89

Proj

ectio

n fo

r 20

12-1

3 -

- 7,

664.

38

- 3,

121.

94

- -

- 54

5.29

-

Proj

ectio

n m

akin

g al

low

ance

for

cro

p di

vers

ific

atio

n @

2%

-

- 8,

447.

19

- 3,

444.

19

- -

- 59

9.08

-

Proj

ectio

n m

akin

g al

low

ance

for

irri

gatio

n @

2%

ove

r d

iver

sifi

catio

n -

- 9,

292.

7 -

3,79

2.52

-

- -

657.

03

-

Sour

ce: (

i) D

ata

on D

eman

d an

d Su

pply

, Dep

uty

Dir

ecto

r O

ffic

e, M

andi

(i

i) P

roje

cted

by

the

cons

ulta

nt f

ollo

win

g m

etho

dolo

gy a

dopt

ed b

y Fe

rtili

ser

Ass

ocia

tion

of I

ndia

, New

Del

hi

Tab

le 6

.12

Seed

Dem

and

and

Pro

ject

ions

for

2012

-13

(mt)

Yea

r M

aize

W

heat

P

addy

B

arse

em

Pul

ses

Veg

etab

les

Seed

pot

ato

Oil

seed

s G

inge

r T

urm

eric

2005

-06

283.

20

801.

80

165.

70

18.0

0 42

.13

100.

50

117.

70

2.55

22

.00

0.10

2006

-07

391.

80

1,41

5.30

21

4.00

18

.00

141.

78

93.7

1 11

.45

0.89

36

.60

0.10

2007

-08

399.

56

1,37

1.07

22

8.00

26

.40

114.

88

104.

54

118.

80

2.52

66

.80

0.10

Gro

wth

rat

e (%

p.a

.)

12.1

6 19

.58

11.2

3 13

.62

39.7

1 1.

32

0.31

-0

.39

44.8

1 0.

00

Proj

ectio

n fo

r 20

12 -

13

709.

14

3,35

2.63

38

8.11

49

.98

611.

41

111.

65

120.

66

- 42

5.30

-

Proj

ectio

n m

akin

g al

low

ance

fo

r ir

riga

tion

@ 2

%

774.

66

3,64

2.53

42

4.28

54

.54

656.

45

123.

11

133.

17

- 45

5.50

-

Not

e: P

roje

cted

by

the

cons

ulta

nt

Sour

ce: D

Y D

irec

tor

of A

gric

ultu

re, M

andi

Dis

tric

t

20

7

AP

PE

ND

IX T

AB

LE

S

App

endi

x T

able

1 D

emog

raph

ic a

nd I

nsti

tuti

onal

Fea

ture

s (N

os.)

P

arti

cula

r Sa

dar

Bal

h G

ohar

Sund

erna

gar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

rC

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

1 G

ram

pan

chay

ats

61

51

37

49

45

60

41

49

40

40

473

2 V

illag

es

246

188

334

256

388

599

307

258

278

320

3,17

4

3 H

ouse

hold

s -

23,8

55

14,2

89

23,0

72

14,7

9617

,883

2,

614

26,2

50

18,9

30

18,8

04

1,60

,493

4 T

otal

pop

ulat

ion

Mal

e 67

,278

50,2

43

34,6

98

55,4

53

39,4

2846

,770

42

,785

59

,841

31

,088

36

,341

4,

63,9

25

Fem

ale

64,2

5849

,908

33

,945

53

,344

34

,441

46,3

74

46,1

64

58,4

87

35,7

63

37,2

42

4,59

,926

Sche

dule

cas

te

36,8

1443

,101

23

,860

37

,974

20

,942

29,0

75

22,8

78

26,8

30

16,4

61

14,3

54

2,72

,289

Sche

dule

trib

e 1,

760

1,54

4 20

3 1,

811

43

389

1,39

1 -

1,00

1 3,

079

11,2

21

Rur

al

78,9

211,

00,1

51

68,9

95

80,6

58

77,7

6993

,144

85

,243

1,

18,3

28

66,8

51

- 7,

70,0

60

Urb

an

52,6

14-

- 25

,942

-

- 3,

706

- -

- 82

,262

Sex

ratio

98

4 99

3 99

8 98

1 97

6 99

2 1,

079

977

1,15

0 1,

020

1,01

5

5 L

iter

acy

rate

Mal

e 75

85

74

85

76

68

73

.23

- 80

.25

82.9

4 77

.78

Fem

ale

66

69

62

78

49

56

61.5

1 -

24.9

2 55

.86

58

Sche

dule

cas

te

69.3

4 25

-

68

25

53

- -

22.9

2 -

44

Sche

dule

trib

e 76

.5

85

- 73

.75

- 75

-

- 7

- 76

6 H

ouse

hold

s ec

onom

ic s

tatu

s

Ant

oday

a ho

useh

olds

3,

361

3,00

3 -

3,56

4 2,

667

7,43

2 2,

361

3,24

2 1,

876

2,34

2 29

,848

BPL

hou

seho

lds

5,32

3 1,

535

2,87

1 4,

418

4,68

2 4,

792

3,56

4 4,

894

2,84

2 3,

540

38,4

61

APL

1 ho

useh

olds

11

,681

18,3

17

- 15

,090

11

,375

8,91

7 -

- -

- 65

,380

APL

2 ho

useh

olds

-

- -

- -

19,6

32

- -

- -

19,6

32

20

8

7 V

illag

e am

enit

ies

Con

nect

ed w

ith p

ucca

roa

ds

116

94

7 15

6 36

20

0 40

75

24

-

741

Con

nect

ed w

ith k

uchh

a ro

ads

87

43

4 83

67

20

0 50

51

16

-

597

Con

nect

ed w

ith n

o ro

ads

162

51

- 17

28

5 10

8 10

13

2 1

- 76

6

Dri

nkin

g w

ater

sup

ply

211

- -

200

255

500

80

258

- -

1,50

4

Vill

ages

ele

ctri

fied

24

6 -

- 25

6 25

5 51

8 30

7 25

8 -

- 1,

840

Tel

con

nect

ion

to p

anch

ayat

s 61

-

- 49

49

60

-

7,90

0 5,

622

- 13

,741

Post

off

ice

49

6 -

38

30

33

41

41

13

17

268

Fair

pri

ce s

hops

Co-

op d

epot

s 54

38

-

50

63

45

47

38

42

42

419

Priv

ate

deal

ers

54

31

- 64

13

1 50

0 5

25

3 -

813

8 E

duca

tion

al a

nd h

ealt

h in

stit

utio

ns

Prim

ary

scho

ols

250

127

131

178

173

248

151

152

120

209

1,73

9

Mid

dle

scho

ols

57

31

23

44

38

65

31

34

28

48

399

Hig

h sc

hool

s 20

21

13

11

31

35

-

28

15

34

208

Tec

hnic

al in

stitu

tions

Poly

tech

/Eng

g -

- 1

2 -

- 19

-

- -

22

ITI

2 4

2 1

1 1

1 1

- 2

15

Nur

shin

g T

I 1

1 -

1 -

1 -

- -

- 4

Col

lege

of

Edu

catio

n

2 5

- 4

1 1

- 2

- 1

16

PHC

-

4 4

10

6 4

8 7

4 8

55

Dis

pens

arie

s 22

17

12

-

17

- 13

-

1 -

82

Sub-

heal

th c

entr

es

42

43

19

44

25

32

33

33

27

30

328

Com

mun

ity H

Cs

1 1

2 -

1 -

2 1

1 1

10

Hos

pita

ls

1 1

- 1

- 1

1 1

- -

6

Med

l col

lege

cum

hos

pita

ls

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

Vet

erin

ary

hosp

itals

7

4 1

6 3

4 5

4 3

3 40

20

9

Vet

erin

ary

disp

ensa

ries

40

28

3

29

18

37

22

32

21

27

257

Gos

adan

1

1 -

1 -

- 1

- -

- 4

Oth

er h

ealth

inst

itutio

ns

- 2

- 8

1 17

-

- -

- 28

Ang

anw

arie

s/ba

lwar

ies

305

296

225

33

220

298

406

253

205

67

2,30

8

9 V

illag

e/co

mm

unit

y or

gani

zatio

ns

Mah

ila m

anda

ls

158

103

115

116

92

250

279

273

250

136

1,77

2

Self

hel

p gr

oups

11

6 12

2 11

9 12

8 34

2 35

0 68

10

1 78

79

1,

503

You

th c

lubs

13

0 53

63

56

-

120

97

100

97

137

853

NG

Os

7 1

- 2

1 5

1 1

- -

18

Farm

ers

co-o

pera

tives

36

-

- 30

63

5

30

- -

1 16

5

Any

oth

er

1

25

- -

- 33

10

Ban

king

inst

itut

ions

Com

mer

cial

ban

ks

13

5 2

7 2

5 3

3 4

2 46

RR

Bs

9 2

- 1

4 4

15

7 -

3 48

Cen

tral

co-

oper

ativ

e ba

nks

- 38

-

- 4

3 -

5 3

1 18

Co-

oper

ativ

e cr

edit

soci

etie

s -

- 4

30

10

45

30

19

17

- 19

3

A

ny o

ther

-

- 3

- -

160

25

- -

- 18

8

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

21

1

App

endi

x T

able

2 D

istr

ibut

ion

of W

orke

rs a

nd C

ateg

orie

s of

Hou

seho

lds

Par

ticu

lar

Sada

r B

alh

Sund

erna

gar

Goh

ar

Sera

j K

arso

g G

opal

pur

Dha

rmpu

r C

haun

tra

Dra

ng

Dis

tric

t

Wor

kers

Agr

i. la

bour

72

,850

84

7 85

,280

25

5 37

12

,750

-

255

36,0

00

35,4

05

2,43

,679

Hou

seho

ld in

dust

ry

850

790

250

285

269

1,85

7 50

5

80

386

4,82

2

Oth

ers

39

,088

14

,667

-

5,20

1 3,

304

8,55

3 5,

514

2,52

,812

1,

920

7,70

6 3,

38,7

65

Tot

al

24,8

79

47,7

64

21,2

40

34,0

38

44,6

24

58,9

26

26,1

47

30,5

04

56,0

00

18,3

40

36,2

46

Mai

n w

orke

rs

20,9

58

26,3

75

21,0

40

22,0

75

35,7

15

21,2

93

5,56

4 10

,676

40

,000

18

,031

2,

21,7

27

Mar

gina

l wor

kers

3,

921

21,3

89

200

11,9

63

8,90

9 37

,633

20

,583

19

,828

16

,000

30

9 1,

40,7

35

Hou

seho

lds

Lan

dles

s 33

0 60

50

0 -

7,25

0 50

1,

200

26

- -

9,41

6

Mar

gina

l 98

,226

16

,748

22

,422

-

2,50

1 14

,306

13

,110

9,

550

17,8

90

- 1,

94,7

53

Smal

l 1,

085

4,71

3 93

-

1,06

6 3,

004

7,47

3 2,

700

840

- 20

,974

Lar

ge

240

2,33

4 54

-

5 52

3 4,

364

1,60

9 20

0 -

9,32

9

Tot

al

99,8

81

23,8

55

23,0

69

28,2

97

10,8

22

17,8

83

26,1

47

13,8

85

18,9

30

29,7

77

2,92

,546

Sour

ce: F

ield

Sur

vey,

200

7-08

21

3

App

endi

x T

able

3 D

emog

raph

ic I

nfor

mat

ion

for

the

Dis

tric

t Man

di

Sr. N

o.

Blo

ck

Wor

kers

(No.

) C

ateg

orie

s (N

o.)

Agr

i. N

on-a

gri.

Mal

e F

emal

e M

ale

Fem

ale

SC

ST

OB

C

Gen

.

1.

Sada

r 1,

256

438

40,7

30

17,4

55

32,7

20

1,46

0 2,

206

78,4

05

2.

Bal

h 60

7 24

0 37

,770

14

,617

43

,101

1,

544

4,11

8 51

,388

3.

Sund

erna

gar

205

104

23,7

83

11,6

22

33,5

98

900

3,40

6 52

,741

4.

Goh

ar

275

183

24,5

44

9,23

4 21

,103

14

1 1,

203

47,9

27

5.

Sera

j 48

6 21

0 29

,652

11

,280

20

,316

42

58

0 63

,100

6.

Kar

sog

622

236

31,4

60

12,3

40

29,0

75

389

1,88

6 59

,777

7.

Gop

alpu

r 37

2 21

6 29

,211

11

,111

22

,009

1,

571

36

62,7

31

8.

Dha

rmpu

r 15

0 10

5 19

,620

7,

092

16,4

02

22

169

39,3

37

9.

Cha

untr

a 50

29

22

,053

9,

451

16,4

61

1,00

1 40

6 53

,123

10

Dra

ng

403

230

31,4

26

12,2

83

14,3

57

3,07

9 1,

518

56,9

14

D

istr

ict

4,42

6 1,

991

2,90

,249

1,

16,4

85

2,49

,142

10

,149

15

,528

5,

65,4

43

Sour

ce: S

trat

egic

Res

earc

h an

d E

xten

sion

Pla

n of

Dis

tric

t Man

di H

imac

hal P

rade

sh, A

TM

A, 2

005.

21

5

App

endi

x T

able

4 F

arm

Gat

e P

rice

s of

Dif

fere

nt C

rops

and

Liv

esto

ck P

rodu

cts

Sr.N

o.

Cro

ps

Pri

ce (R

s./q

)

Cer

eal

1 M

aize

65

0

2 Pa

ddy

850

3 W

heat

1,

000

4 B

arle

y 1,

500

5 B

uckw

heat

3,

000

6 M

illet

1,

500

Pul

ses

7 R

ongi

2,

500

8 M

ash

3,50

0

9 M

oong

2,

500

10

Raj

mas

h 3,

500

11

Gra

m

3,00

0

12

Len

til

3,00

0

13

Kul

thi

3,50

0

14

Mill

et

1,50

0

Oils

eeds

15

Sesa

me

4,50

0

16

Sars

on

3,00

0

17

Tor

ia

3,00

0

18

Lin

seed

3,

500

19

Gob

hi s

arso

n 3,

000

Veg

etab

les

21

6

20

Pota

to

400

21

Peas

1,

500

22

Tom

ato

700

23

Bea

ns

800

24

Oni

on

500

25

Gar

lic

2,50

0

26

Cab

bage

40

0

27

Cau

liflo

wer

60

0

28

Rad

ish

400

29

Okr

a (B

hind

i)

800

30

Cuc

urbi

ts

700

31

Cap

sicu

m

1,80

0

32

Bri

njal

50

0

Fru

it P

lant

s

33

App

le

1,50

0

34

Citr

us

2,00

0

35

Man

go

1,20

0

36

Dry

fru

it 6,

000

37

Litc

hi

2,50

0

38

Plum

80

0

39

Pom

egra

nate

1,

200

40

Peac

h 1,

000

41

Apr

icot

1,

000

42

Peer

1,

200

43

Kiw

i 2,

000

21

7

Spi

ces

& O

ther

Cro

ps

44

Gin

ger

2,00

0

45

Tea

50

0

46

Tur

mer

ic

800

47

Ber

seem

(G

reen

fod

der)

70

Liv

esto

ck P

rodu

cts

and

Liv

e A

nim

als

for

Sale

48

Milk

(cr

ossb

red

cow

s)

1,50

0

49

Milk

(in

dige

nous

cow

s)

1,50

0

50

Milk

(B

uffa

loes

) 1,

700

51

Milk

(G

oat)

1,

300

52

Woo

l/she

ep (

per

yr)

4,50

0

53

Woo

l/rab

bita

ry

4,50

0

54

Shee

p/ g

oat f

or m

eat

11,0

00

55

Poul

try

bird

sol

d (p

er b

ird)

50

56

Egg

s pr

oduc

tion

(per

egg

) 2.

50

57

Fish

5,

000

58

Flow

er C

uttin

g(pe

r cu

tting

) 3.

00

Mandi Corrected 3 Final plan Mandi.pdf2.3 Rainfall Pattern in Various Agro Ecological Situations of...

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