Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes
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Transcript of Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes
Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of
Drained Agricultural LandscapesJane Frankenberger, Purdue University
Eileen Kladivko, Laura Bowling, Bernard Engel, Linda Prokopy, Purdue University;
Matt Helmers, Lori Abendroth, Giorgio Chigladze, Iowa State University; Jeff Strock, University of Minnesota; Dan Jaynes, USDA-ARS; Kelly
Nelson, University of Missouri; Mohamed Youssef, NC State University ; Larry Brown, Brent Sohngen, Ohio State University; Xinhua Jia, North
Dakota State University, Laurent Ahiablame, South Dakota State University
Agricultural Research Service
Issue 1: Nutrient loss from tile drainage is causing issues of national concern.
Tile drains greatly increase loss of nitrate to streams. Recent research is showing more clearly that
phosphorus also moves through tiles.
NitratePhosphorus
Water from Lake Erie during toxic algae bloom
Two issues; both are expected to be exacerbated by climate change
Excess nutrients in spring will increase as winter and spring becomes warmer and wetter
Water availability in late summer will decrease with warmer summers and increased flashiness of precipitation
Photo: Tom Bridgeman
Retaining drained water in the landscape addresses both these issues.
Longer-term vision: The process of designing and implementing agricultural drainage will be transformed to
include water retention and even water recycling.
Storing water in the soil: Soil health initiatives emphasize water storage capacity of soils.
Increasing soil organic matter increases water holding capacity.
Image: Wikimedia Commons, Wilsonbriggs Image: NRCS
Little published research on drainage water recycling
Wetland reservoir subirrigation (WRSIS) sites in Ohio (Fausey, Brown, Allred)
University of Missouri
A $5 million USDA NIFA-funded Coordinated Agricultural Project
This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-68007-23193, “Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes”, http://transformingdrainage.org. Any
opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Project Flow Diagram
Strengthen and Broaden the Network (Researchers, Industry, Contractors, Agencies)
Field Research – Existing, New, Historical Sites
Economic analysis beginning for these
sites in 2017.
Missouri SiteResearch Leader: Kelly Nelson,
University of Missouri
Landscape: Claypan at approx. 24”
Water Management Practices: 1. Controlled Drainage, Subirrigation
20’ & 40’ spacing2. Conventional Drainage, No Irrigation
20’ & 40’ spacing3. No Drainage, Overhead Irrigation4. No Drainage, No irrigation
Experimental Design: Split-Plot Design with 4 replications Main plots: water management treatment
(150’ x 60-80’ depending on drain spacing)
Subplots: crop (corn, soybean) with cultivars and fertilizer treatments (30’ x 20-40’)
Measurements: Crop yield – 2002 to 2014 Rainfall/Irrigation water use – 2002 to
2013 Soil organic matter – 2002 to 2012 Soil NO3 , NH4, temperature, water
content, soil water NO3 (various depths) – 2004 to 2005
Soil N2O Flux – 2004 to 2005 Grain nitrogen – 2006 to 2007
This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-68007-23193, “Managing Water for Increased Resiliency of Drained Agricultural Landscapes”, http://transformingdrainage.org. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Water Control Structure & WatererDrainage Tile MainsWater Supply
Lat: 39.94 N Long: 92.05 W
Transforming Drainage - Site Overview
Our database now holds 186 site-years of data from historic and current drainage
practices.
Example: 5 years of Nitrate-N at DPAC under free and controlled drainage
Example: Reduction of nitrate loss due to controlled drainage
Next step: Synthesis across sites
Modeling will enable us to extend results spatially and temporally
DRAINMOD-DSSAT is basisLed by Mohamed Youssef at NC State.
Decision Support ToolsPrinciples We will ensure that tools are actually useful to the intended
audience, by engaging stakeholders throughout the process. – Dr. Linda Prokopy, U2U Project
All tools will be transparent so that interested users can understand the mechanism through which they provide decision support.
So far: Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF, Tomer et al., ) includes saturated buffers; Inventory being developed of tools for site suitability, design, conservation effectiveness, economic analysis.
Project Flow Diagram
Strengthen and Broaden the Network (Researchers, Industry, Contractors, Agencies)
Formal Collaborators Norm Fausey, USDA-ARS Kevin King, USDA-ARS Barry Allred, USDA-ARS Jeppe Kjaersgaard, MN Dept. Ag. Thomas Scherer, North Dakota State Gary Sands, U of MN Ken Kraemer, U of MN Richard Cooke, U of IL Mark Tomer, USDA-ARS Chris Hay, Iowa Soybean Association
A process is in place to add additional collaborators
Advisory Committee represents diverse and influential stakeholders
Bob Clark, Clark Farm Drainage; Land Improvement Contractors of America (LICA)
Brian Hicks, Farmer and research collaborator
Charlie Schafer, Agricultural Drainage Management Coalition
Dave De Geus, The Nature Conservancy
Jim Gulliford, Soil and Water Conservation Society
Dr. Wayne Skaggs, North Carolina State University
Alex Echols, Ecosystem Services Exchange; Sand County Fdn
Dr. Jerry Hatfield, Midwest Climate Hub, ARS National Lab for Ag & Env
Dr. Gwen White, U.S. Fish and Wildlife LCC
Katie FlahiveUSEPA Office of Water
Rob Sampson, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
The expanding network includes influential drainage groups
Agricultural Drainage Management Systems Task Force Agricultural Drainage Management Coalition (industry) NCERA-217 Multi-state Committee Led the 10th International Drainage Symposium
(Minneapolis, September 2016) with record-breaking participation from 10 countries