Managing the Temporary Movement of Foreign Workers Sophie Nonnenmacher Migration Policy Specialist...
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Transcript of Managing the Temporary Movement of Foreign Workers Sophie Nonnenmacher Migration Policy Specialist...
Managing the Temporary Movement of Foreign Workers
Sophie NonnenmacherMigration Policy Specialist
Migration Policy, Research and Communication Department
Structure of the presentation
1. Introduction: Why promoting labour mobility matters?
2. What is GATS Mode 4?
3. How is labour mobility regulated today?
4. Conclusion: How to achieve policy coherence?
1. Why promoting labour mobility matters?
Est. USD 150 bl.-200 bl. per year
Remittances: USD 318 bl in 2007
Migration regulators’ concerns
- Sovereignity
Global economic gains
- Security
• certain job categoriesResponse to employment,
demographic, social, environmental challenges
- National identity
- Social services
- Impact on domestic labour markets:
• wages
Migrants worldwide -- all categories
Labour migrants
Temporary labour migrants
Mode 4: temporary movement of persons for the provision of services
2. What is GATS Mode 4 ?
200 million
90 million
?
?
Mode 4 within the overall migration picture
Defining Mode 4
2. What is GATS Mode 4 ?
“the supply of a service (…) by a service supplier of one member, through the presence of natural persons of a member in the territory of any other members” (Art. I. 2-d).
The Annex : does not apply to measures affecting access to the employment market of a member or to rules on citizenship, residence or employment on a permanent basis.
Mode 4Temporary
Entry for specific purpose
(not in labour market)
2. What is GATS Mode 4?
Defining issues
Who are GATS Mode 4 service providers ?
- Lack of uniform international definitions
- How long is temporary ??
Self-employed or independent service suppliers
Employees of a foreign company who are sent to fullfil a contract with a host country client
Employees of foreign companies established in the host country (Intra Corporate Transferees)
Business visitors
Developed along parallel tracks
Two sets of realities
; it’s about trade in servicesMode 4: not a migration agreement
Governmental policies & practices
for migration
managementMode 4
3. Mode 4 within overall migration picture
Framework governing migration
Relevant regulatory framework:
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
a. Countries of destination
- Quotas
- Economic Needs Tests
- Admissions policy
- Objectives
- Tools
- Meet demand for labour
- Protect domestic jobs and wages
- Labour Market Assessments- Work Permits
- Promote business or investment more broadly (business visitors).
- Manage intra corporate transferees
- Provide domestic business access to services (contractual service suppliers).
Migration management: first and foremost at national level
- Acquire & transfer home skills & resources
Philippines Overseas Employment Agency (POEA)
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
b. Countries of origin
- Objectives
- Place excess labour overseas
- Tools
- Recruits - Screens - Prepares
Filippino workers for overseas employment
- Facilitate flow of remittances
- Supports
Inter-state Cooperation
- Rise of migration on int. agendas
- Increasingly globalized labour market
- Recognition transnational phenomenon: transnational approaches
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
- On the rise
- Multiple goals
Bilateral labour agreements
Regional trade and integration agreements
- All skill levels
Tools
- Increasing
Regional Consultative Processes
4. Tools/Mechanisms for Managing Temporary Labour Migration
4. Conclusion: How to achieve policy coherence?
Governmental policies & practices
for migration
management: Unilateral/Bilateral/
Regional/GATS Mode 4
Trade and trade in services policy
Economic, social and human Development
THANK YOU