Getting the balance right between short term interventions and long term sustainability
Managing lab ventilation to balance safety and sustainability · 8/5/2014 · Managing lab...
Transcript of Managing lab ventilation to balance safety and sustainability · 8/5/2014 · Managing lab...
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Ralph Stuart, CIH, CCHO Chemical Hygiene Officer
Cornell University
Managing lab ventilation to balance safety and sustainability !
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2!
Cornell’s Path to Carbon Neutrality
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Where do Cornell’s GHG emissions come from?
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
FY2008 FY2010 FY2012
Air Travel
Commuting
Purchased Electricity On Site Combustion
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Ithaca Campus’s Energy Sources
• Electricity Generation: Hydroelectric Dam (1904)
• Cooling: Lake Source Cooling (2000) • Conservation: Fully metered campus (2002) • Heating: central plant with co-generated
electricity (1988, 2009) • Grid Electricity: 115 kV substation (today) • Total energy cost: about $60 million per year
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Conservation Results: Building Energy Use History
12,500,000
13,000,000
13,500,000
14,000,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
FY_2000 FY_2003 FY_2006 FY_2009 FY_2012
Area (GSF) Energy Use (MMBTU/YR)
CHW SALES_MMBTU ELECTRIC SALES_MMBTU STEAM SALES_MMBTU CAMPUS GSF
North Campus West Campus
ECRF & EHOB
Weill Hall
Duffield
Physical Sciences & AHDC
Human Ecology
Milstein
~170 kBtu/Sf-‐Yr ~150 kBtu/Sf-‐Yr
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• More conservation • Occupant engagement in energy conservation
efforts • Utility and building scale renewable projects • Engineered geothermal with peaking gasified
biofuel for heating • Community-oriented Offsets
What will Cornell’s energy future look like?
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The Laboratory Part of the Picture
Laboratories constitute 33% of the floor space, but 50% of the energy budget
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• There are three competing priorities for operating laboratory facilities:
• Science needs flexible spaces
• Safety requires ongoing risk assessment and management
• Sustainability requires careful energy management
This results in a complex system which needs to be carefully managed.
Supporting the Laboratory Mission: Safe, Sustainable Science
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The Cornell Laboratory Ventilation Management Plan
We manage about 70 lab buildings with: ! Different ages and designs ! A variety of stakeholders ! Multiple priorities ! A goal of Continuous Improvement: It’s a systems problem!
Z9.5!
Z10!
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The Lab Vent Management Indicators
Energy Indicator
Safety Indicator
Energy Indicator
Safety Indicator
Plan: Control banding labs
(leading)
Do: Hood housekeeping
scores (leading)
Check: energy use over time
(lagging)
Review: Track air quality
concerns (lagging)
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Setting General Ventilation Rates through Control Banding
• We start with 8/4 ACH (occupied/unoccupied) and look for opportunities to go 6/3 ACH
General Ventilation Control Band
Default Minimum Ventilation Rate
Drivers for this Recommendation !
Examples
Normal ventilation 8 ACH / 4 ACH High intensity laboratory chemical use; especially use of chemicals with H224, H225, H226, H304, H330, H331, H332
GHS codes
Classroom labs with multiple bench
top sources of the same chemical;
or labs with poor distribution of
ventilation in the space!
Moderate ventilation
6 ACH / 3 ACH Chemical use with H334 and H335 that are restricted to local exhaust areas; no
significant sources on bench top
Laboratories with chemical use
outside hoods limited to
instrumentation, small bench top
operations, or closed systems
Low ventilation Less than “moderate” rates, determined by
review of lab work
Instrument labs and other spaces, that have no significant chemical sources
Machine shops without solvent use,
storage areas of non-volatile
chemicals
Lab-specific ventilation
Driven by non-chemical
considerations
Based on biosafety considerations; make up air concerns; temperature
concerns
BSL 3 laboratories; hood-driven
labs; labs with high heat producing
equipment
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Risk Assessment Process
8/4 ACH!
6/3 ACH!
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Case Study: Weill Hall
• Life Sciences research • Opened in 2008,
Certified LEED Gold • Typical modern open lab design
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Case Study: Weill Hall
• Control banding review: • 156 ventilation zones were
reduced to 6/3 ACH • 32 zones stayed at 8/4 ACH • 18 labs put into vacancy mode
• Control banding led to 20% savings in air flow
• Other issues discovered added to the total savings for the project
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Re-commissioning Discoveries
• The system was tracking supply volumes rather than exhaust volumes in the labs.
• Occupancy rates in offices were above ASHRAE rates (20 cfm per person).
• The entire first floor dropped to 0 ACH in unoccupied mode.
• Old exhaust settings file were loaded back into controls system; this wasn’t discovered for 6 months.
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Key Lessons Learned
• Documenting the LVMP allows determinations to be revisited on a regular basis
• There are opportunities for energy conservation in LEED certified lab buildings
• EH&S and ventilation experts need to work together to find those opportunities.
• Building re-commissioning takes into consideration the whole system
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• Cornell Facilities Engineering • Randy Lacey, University Engineer
• Cornell Energy Management • Lanny Joyce, Director, Energy
Management • Erin Moore, Energy Outreach
Coordinator • Cornell Sustainability Office
• Dan Roth, Director • Cornell EHS
• Ellen Sweet, Lab Vent Specialist
Acknowledgments
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For more details, (lots more details)
google “Cornell Climate Action Plan, 2013 update”"and “Cornell LVMP”"