Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University...

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Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University

Transcript of Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University...

Page 1: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Managing Black Walnut

Mel Baughman

Professor Emeritus

University of Minnesota

Lenny Farlee

Extension Forester

Purdue University

Page 2: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Why Grow Black Walnut?

Page 3: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Wood Products

Rich, brown color

Novelty items

Page 4: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Lumber products

Page 5: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Gunstocks

Page 6: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Veneer

Page 7: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 8: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Silvopasture

Page 9: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Nuts

Page 10: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

People Food

Page 11: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Wildlife Food

Page 12: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Beauty

Page 13: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Chambered pith

Page 14: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Leafs out late, drops leaves early

Yellow fall foliage

Page 15: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Soil & Water Protection

Plant small bottomland fields & slopes

Page 16: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Biodiversity?

Page 17: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Where to Grow Walnut

Natural Range

Page 18: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Growing Season •140 to 280 days

•Prefers > 170 days

•Prefers 550 F average

annual temperature

Page 19: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Precipitation 25 to 70 inches

Prefers > 35 inches

Page 20: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Soil: •Deep, fertile, moist, but well-drained

oNeeds > 30 inches of well-drained soil.

oPrefers > 40 inches of well-drained soil.

•Texture: sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty

clay loam

•pH: Nearly neutral

Page 21: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Landscape Position Prefers:

•coves

•stream bottoms (alluvial soils)

•lower portion of north- or east-facing slopes

Page 22: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Airflow

Good airflow, but

not windy sites.

Exposed uplands

okay if walnut is

interplanted with

another species for

wind protection.

Page 23: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Avoid

Wet bottom land

Sandy or dry ridges and slopes

Page 24: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Avoid Frost Pockets

Where airflow is minimal and cold air could settle undisturbed.

Narrow valleys with steep adjacent side slopes

Bottomland sites lower than surrounding landscape

Page 25: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Shade Intolerant

Plant only in forest openings or open fields.

Page 26: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Walnut grows well with…

Kentucky coffeetree

Yellow-poplar

White ash

Red oak

Basswood

Sugar maple

Slippery elm

Page 27: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Juglone

Found in:

Leaves

Bark

Nut husks

Roots

Toxic to:

Tomatoes

Paper birch

Red pine

White pine

Scotch pine

Apple

Others…

Page 28: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Questions?

Page 29: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Planting Black Walnut

Site Selection Considerations

Soils must be suitable for long-

term growth

Soils information – NRCS offices

and NRCS Web Soil Survey

Walnut Suitability Index

Consult Local Forestry Experts

Get soils tested for pH and

nutrients

Page 30: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Why are you planting walnut?

Timber Production

• Spacing – 10’ X 10’ or

closer

• Nurse trees

• Mixed species

• Genetically selected

stock

• Locally adapted stock

• www.htirc.org

Page 31: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Why are you planting walnut?

Nut crop

Selected tree lines for

nut quality/quantity

High quality walnut soils

Wide spacing – 25 to 30

feet at planting

University of Missouri

Center for Agroforestry,

Growing Black Walnut

for Nut Production

Page 32: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Why are you planting walnut?

Walnut Agroforestry

Spacing and design depends

on desired cropping plan

Silvopasture

Alley cropping

Windbreaks/shelterbelts

Forest farming

University of Missouri

Center for Agroforestry

Page 33: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Preparing your site to plant

Start the summer before if

spring planting

Control competing plants

Page 34: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Disk or deep rip to

break up compacted

soil

Page 35: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Planting Typically spring

planting for bare-

root stock

Plant early in spring

to take advantage of

spring rains and a full

growing season

Keep seedlings cool

and moist until

planted

Page 36: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 37: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 38: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Mechanical Tree Planting

Page 39: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Planting Nuts

Collect in the fall

Easier to handle

when de-husked

Fall or spring planting

Float seed to test

Stratification

Seed predators

Page 40: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Check seed

quality

Protect seed from

predators

Page 41: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Sprouted seed plantings

• Stratified

• Spring planting

• Protect from seed

predators

Page 42: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 43: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Questions?

Page 44: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Thinning helps

us retain the

best trees and

grow them at a

desired rate.

“A few fat

carrots or lots

of skinny ones”

Page 45: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Thinning Walnut Stands

Natural stands

Spend some time

with your forester

Identify crop trees

Kill grapevines in or

near crop trees

Create growing

space

Page 46: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Thinning Walnut Stands

Plantations

Early competition to

encourage straight

stems and small side

limbs

Thinning to maintain

even, vigorous growth

Page 47: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Select and

thin around

crop trees

Page 48: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 49: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Kill cull trees

Diseased trees

Poor form

Damage/defects

Slow growers

Page 50: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Potential Crown Width (feet) = 1.993 X d.b.h.

(inches) + 4.873.

An easy field guide:

PCW (feet) = 2 X d.b.h. (inches) + 5

Divide Actual Crown Width by PCW to get a

Crown Width Ratio (CWR)

CWR = 1 = 100% potential growth

CWR = 0.8 = 75% potential growth

CWR = 0.7 = 53% potential growth

When should I thin?

Page 51: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Questions?

Page 52: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Pruning Walnut

Page 53: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 54: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 55: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

It Doesn’t Always Work

Page 56: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 57: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

1

2

3

4

Page 58: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 59: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 60: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

1 2

3 4

Page 61: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 62: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 63: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Prune Dead & Dying Limbs

Page 64: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Infected Pruning Cut

Page 65: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Oh No!

Page 66: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Uh Oh!

Page 67: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Questions?

Page 68: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Pests and Environmental

Problems

Wind damage

Frost damage

Page 69: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Thousand Cankers Disease

www.thousandcankers.com

Page 70: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Defoliators: Walnut Caterpillar

Yellownecked Caterpillar

Fall Webworm

Page 71: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Walnut Anthracnose

Fungal disease that can

cause premature

defoliation

Reduced growth and

increased susceptibility

to other diseases

Page 72: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Nut pests

Walnut Curculio

Walnut Husk Maggots

Page 74: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Animal Damage

Page 75: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?
Page 76: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Questions?

Page 77: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Marketing Black Walnut Timber

Professional forester

assistance

Stumpage or logs?

Advertise to local and

regional markets

Use a competitive process

– sealed bid

Ask for certifications,

training, insurance,

references

Page 78: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Selection of the Trees to Market

Get assistance from a

forester who knows the

local/regional markets

Selecting the right trees

to market now and the

right trees to retain can

improve future income

potential

Page 79: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Black Walnut

Prime Veneer

Log Dia. ($/MBF)

12-13 2993

14-15 4158

16-17 4891

18-20 5817

21-23 5872

24-28 6417

>28 6500

Black Walnut

Sawtimber

Grade $/MBF

Prime 1389

No. 1 1079

No. 2 709

No. 3 393

Average delivered log

prices from 56 Indiana

mills, 2011

2011 Forest Products Price Report and Trend

Analysis - Dr. Bill Hoover and Greg Preston

Page 80: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Make sure everybody is on the

same page – and the page is signed

Have a timber sale

contract

Indicate what is being

sold

Spell out payment

schedule

Outline

requirements for

operating on the

property - BMPs

Page 81: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Can I sell individual or small

numbers of walnut trees?

It depends…

Very high value trees

Combine sales with

neighbors to increase

total value/volume

Work with a

specialist in small

timber volume –

portable mills,

specialty products

Page 82: Managing Black Walnut - Tree farm...Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut?

Resources for Managing Black

Walnut

The Walnut Council

USDA Forest Service

Walnut Notes

Your forester

Extension publications

from your land grant

university

Hardwood Tree

Improvement and

Regeneration Center