Management Plan · The impressive granite peaks/ spectacular cliffs ... Freycmet National Park is...

Freycinet National Park,Wye River State Reserve

Management Plan

2000

Parksand

WildlifeService

Parks and Service

DeptU-trn&nt i)/Primary ;ric. L;stries,

Water liiui En\ iroiiment

Freycinet National Park,Wye River State Reserve

Management Plan

2000

Parksand

VITildUfeService^^SMAAf^

Parks and Wildlife Service

Department of Primary Industries/Water and Environment

Freycinet National Park and Wye River State Reserve,Management Plan 2000

FREYCINET NATIONAL PARK,WYE RIVER STATE RESERVEMANAGEMENT PLAN 2000

This management plan for the Freycinet National Park and the Wye River StateReserve has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Part IV of theNational Parks and Wildlife Act 1970. A draft of this plan was released for publiccomment from 3 June 2000 to 28 July 2000.

Unless otherwise specified, this plan adopts the interpretation of terms given inSection 3 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970. The term "Minister" whenused in the plan means the Minister administering the Act. The term "Park"refers to the Freycinet National Park. The term "Reserve" refers to the WyeRiver State Reserve.

In accordance with Section 23(l)(a) of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970, themanaging authority for the Park and the Reserve, in this case the Director ofNational Parks and Wildlife, is to manage them in accordance with thismanagement plan.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many people have assisted in the preparation of this plan by providinginformation and comments on earlier drafts. Their time and effort is gratefullyacknowledged.

APPROVAL

This management plan was approved by His Excellency the Govemor-in-Council on 2 October 2000 and took effect on 15 November 2000, being sevendays after publication of that approval in the Government Gazette.

ISBN 0 7246 2130X

© Parks and Wildlife Service,

Department of Primary Industries/ Water and Environment, 2000

Published by Parks and Wildlife Service,Department of Prmiary Industries,Water and Environment

GPOBox44AHOBART TASMANIA 7001

11


Summa

Freycinet National Park is important for nature conservation due to its variety oflandscape, vegetation communities and correspondingly diverse fauna. It iswell protected geographically and is large enough to include areas for bothconservation and recreation. The impressive granite peaks/ spectacular cliffsand long sandy beaches of Freycmet National Park are appreciated by localsand visitors to the State alike. It is important for cultural heritage conservationdue to the extensive evidence of Aboriginal occupation and Europeanoccupation. Aboriginal sites include shell middens/ rock quarries, rock shelters/stone artefacts and possibly a rock painting. European sites include huts/mining sites/ bay whaling stations and shipwrecks.

Freycmet National Park is one of the most popular parks in Tasmania fortourists and locals alike/ known for its scenic beauty/ accessibility, pleasantweather and wide range of recreational opportunities.

The Wye River State Reserve was created to protect forest communities andthreatened flora species.

The management plan provides for conservation of the values of the Park andthe Reserve. Particularly m the case of Freycinet National Park, the plan alsoprovides for visitor access and facilities.

To these ends, the management plan:

zones the Park and Reserve to take account of different features and values

and direct and manage visitor activities and impacts;

focuses on conservation of threatened and priority flora and fauna speciesand communities with Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative (CAR)or National Estate values;

protects Aboriginal and historic heritage features and values;

in the Park, identifies key locations for provision of visitor facilities andservices m Visitor Services Zones at Coles Bay, Whitewater Wall and IsaacsPomt;

gives priority to improving visitor facilities and services, particularlyinterpretation and short walks/ in the Coles Bay Visitor Services Zone; and

promotes the Park as an important visitor destination on Tasmania's eastcoast.

m


Contents

Introduction 11.1 An Overview of the Park and the Reserve 1

1. 1.1 Location and Regional Context 11.1.2 Climate 1

1.1.3 Importance of the Park and Reserve 11.2 Creation of the Park and the Reserve 2

1.2. 1 Reservation History 21.2.2 Area and Boundaries 4

The Vision and Objectives for the Parkand the Reserve 8

2.1 The Vision for the Park and the Reserve 82. 1. 1 The Vision 82. 1.2 Achieving the Vision 8

2.2 Purposes and Objectives of National Parks 92.3 Purposes and Objectives of State Reserves 92.4 Specific Park and Reserve Objectives 102.5 Management Zones 11

Park and Reserve Conservation 183. 1 Geodiversity 183.2 Natural Landscape and Water Quality 193.3 Flora 203.4 Fauna 22

3.5 Aboriginal and Historic Heritage 253.5. 1 Aboriginal Heritage 253.5.2 Historic Heritage 263.5.3 Cultural Landscape 28

Park and Reserve Protection 304. 1 Fire Management 304.2 Introduced Pests and Diseases 32

4.2. 1 Introduced Fauna 324.2.2 Introduced Flora 334.2.3 Plant Diseases 34

4.3 Soil Conservation and Erosion Control 35

4.4 Managing Visitor Impacts 364. 5 Managing Development 37

Tourism and Recreation 395.1 Understanding the Park and Reserve Visit 395.2 Promoting the Park and Reserve 395.3 Interpretation and Education 405.4 Access 42

5.4.1 Boating Access 425.4.2 Air Access 435.4.3 Vehicular Access 43

5.4.4 Walking Access 455.4.5 Bicycle Access 475.4.6 Horse Access 47

IV


5.5 Developing Facilities and Services 495.5. 1 Coles Bay Visitor Services Zone 505.5.2 Isaacs Point Visitor Services Zone 515.5.3 Whitewater Wall Visitor

Services Zone 515.5.4 Recreation Zone 535.5.5 Conservation Zone 53

5.5.6 Wye River State Reserve 545.5.7 Assessing Development Proposals 54

Involving the Community 566. 1 Community Support 566.2 Working with Neighbours 56

Other Issues 577.1 Boundaries 577.2 Leases, Licences and Authorities 577.3 Statutory Powers 587.4 Research and Monitoring 597.5 Administration 60

7.5.1 Implementation 607.5.2 Search and Rescue, First Aid 617.5. 3 Enforcement 61

Glossary and Abbreviations

References

62

64

AppendicesAppendix 1Appendix 1BAppendix 2

Appendix 3Appendix 4

Maps

Map 1Map 2AMap 2BMap 3Map 4AMap 4BMap 5Map 6Map 7

TablesTable 1

Table 2

67Flora of Freycinet National Park 67Flora of Wye River State Reserve 83Known Land Vertebrates (Excluding Birds)Of Freycinet National Park 92Birds Of Freycinet National Park environs 94Performance Indicators 96

Location 3Park Boundaries (Northern Part) 5Park Boundaries (Southern Part) 6Boundaries (Wye River State Reserve) 7Management Zones (Northern Part) 13Management Zones (Southern Part) 15Visitor Services Zones 16

Management Zones (Wye River State Reserve) 17Horse Trails 48

Management Zones - Freycinet NationalPark and Wye River State Reserve 12Summary of Permitted Facilities/ Services, andActivities in Freycinet National Park and WyeRiver State Reserve by Management Zone 52

v


VI


1 Introduction

1.1 An Overview of the Park and

the Reserve

1.1.1 Location and Regional Context

Freycmet National Park is located on the eastcoast of Tasmania, stretching from Bichenoin the north to Schouten Island in the south

(see Map 1). The Park includes impressivegranite peaks/ forested hills, spectacularcliffs and long sandy beaches.

The Park combines a coastal location with

significant environmental values, scenicbeauty, accessibility, pleasant weather and awide range of recreational opportunities.Consequently, Freycinet National Park is akey element of the tourism industry in theeast coast region, attracting more visitorsthan any other national park in the Stateoutside the World Heritage Area.

The Wye River State Reserve lies about 3kilometres to the east of Lake Leake(see Map1). The Reserve is not a significant focus oftourism and recreation activity.

1.1.2 Climate

Lying m the State's rain shadow, the climateat Freycinet is mild and dry most of the year.The annual average rainfall recorded m thePark at the ranger station since 1985 is 730mm/ though very high rainfall in 1985 and1986 may have made this figure not trulyrepresentative. The prevailing winds aregenerally from the north-west from Octoberto March, and from the north-east from Aprilto September.

Bureau of Meteorology records fromSwansea show the temperature in January/the warmest month/ ranges from a meandaily maximum of 22.2°C to a mean dailyminimum of 11.3°C. In July, the coldestmonth, temperatures range from a meandaily maximum of 13.0°C to a mean dailyminimum of 3.4°C.

1.1.3 Importance of the Park and theReserve

Freycinet National Park is similar to aCategory II Protected Area in thecategorisation system of the InternationalUnion for the Conservation of Nature

(IUCN). Category II reserves are protectedareas managed mainly for ecosystemprotection and recreation.

Wye River State Reserve is similar to aCategory III Protected Area in thecategorisation system of the IUCN.Category III reserves are protected areasmanaged mainly for conservation of specificnatural features.

The geology of Freycinet National Park is ofscientific mterest as it contains features from

many geological ages, including somerecognised to have National Estate values.The geological attributes of the Park are alsoof significant scenic interest.

In much of the Park and the Reserve,

biodiversity is high and m a relativelynatural state. The Park and Reserve are

substantially free of pollution of air, land,and water. Freycinet National Park protectsNational Estate recognised wildernessvalues. Both the Park and the Reserve have

National Estate values as natural landscape.

The Park's native vegetation consists of agreat diversity of predominantly drysclerophyll plant communities, heathlandsand coastal vegetation. There are also smallareas of wet eucalypt forests. Wye RiverState Reserve is predominantly drysclerophyll forest with some areas of weteucalypt forest and in the north areas ofOyster Bay pine forest.

Plant communities in the Park and Reserve

have high conservation value. This is due tothe presence of species listed in theThreatened Species Protection Act 1995,forest communities with Comprehensive,Adequate and Representative (CAR)


values, and forest and other flora

communities and species with a range ofNational Estate values.

The Park is valuable for wildlife

conservation and provides key fauna habitatfor threatened species.

Use of the Park by Aborigines andEuropeans has left a series of sites, buildmgs,relics/ cultural landscapes and records whichform a cultural resource and provide sourcematerial for educative and interpretiveprograms.

The Aboriginal sites and areas in the Parkare particularly diverse, with both coastaland inland sites, generally well preserved.

No Aboriginal or European heritage ofsignificance has been identified in the WyeRiver State Reserve. However/ it is likelythat Aboriginal sites may occur there.

The Park provides an attractive tourism andrecreational setting. Much of the Park ischaracterised by natural quiet and a relaxedcoastal atmosphere. This is a very significantelement of the Park's value and character.

Near Coles Bay/ the Park is much busier,receiving the majority of all Park visitors.

The principal recreational uses of the Parkare camping and walking. Its coastline andsurrounding waters are also popular forsightseeing, rock climbmg, boating/ fishing/szirfing, diving, photography and naturestudy.

Wye River State Reserve provides limitedrecreational opportunities.

The Park provides an excellent opportunityfor education and interpretation and is aneducational resource for a wide variety ofschool and community groups.

The area that constituted the Park prior to itsextension in 1992 is listed on the register ofthe National Estate.

The area of the Wye River State Reserve thatwas formerly Bluemans Creek State Reserveis listed on the register of the NationalEstate.

1.2 Creation of the Park and theReserve

1.2.1 Reservation History

As early as 1900, the Tasmanian governmentwas urged to protect the Freycinet Peninsulaand Schouten Island as public reserves. Oneletter said:

"... With the progress of settlement in Tasmania,as elsewhere, the indigenous plant and animal lifeof the country is almost certain to be largelydestroyed, and it seems desirable that a smallportion of the country should be reserved for theirperpetuation. Such reservation may be ofimportance directly or indirectly to all classes ofthe community, to men of science, tourists, insome instances to the commercial world, and

lastly, to those who are simply intelligentlycurious. " (James D. Barrel's letter of 10February 1903 to the Tasmanian Minister ofLands).

On 11 January 1906, all of the Crown land onFreycinet Peninsula and Schouten Island wasproclaimed a game preserve under Section 3of The Game Protection Act 1905 for a periodof five years to protect all kangaroo, deerand possum from capturing, hunting andkilling.

On 29 August 1916, Freycinet Peninsula andSchouten Island were gazetted ScenicReserves under the Scenery Preservation Act1915, making Freycinet National Park one ofthe oldest national parks m Tasmania.

On 29 January 1992, an area of 1 920hectares, including the Friendly Beaches,was added to Freycinet National Park.

As a result of recommendations of the

Regional Forest Agreement/ an additional4873 hectares was added to the Park on 30

April 1999.

Wye River State Reserve, which combinesthe former Bluemans Creek State Reserve

and Wye River-Bluemans Creek StateReserve, was proclaimed by Statutory Rule2000, No 43, gazetted and effective from 31May 2000.

Freycinet National ParkWye River State Reserve

Map 1 LOCATION^<v

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Leake

WYE RIVERSTATE RESERVE

BASS sraAir

DevonportLaunceston

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1.2.2 Area and Boundaries

Freycinet National Park comprises a totalarea of some 16 803 hectares and includes

Freycinet Peninsula, Schouten Island andnearby offshore islets and rocks extending meach case to the low water mark. The Park

extends in the north as far as Harveys FarmRoad and includes Cape Tourville, BluestoneBay and the Friendly Beaches north to CapeLodi (see Map 1A). It is a coastal parkapproximately 48 kilometres long (includmgSchouten Island) by up to 6 kilometres wide,bounded by Great Oyster Bay, State Forestand freehold land to the west and theTasman Sea to the east.

Within the Park, but excluded from it, are5.67 hectares at Parsons Cove known as The

Fisheries, originally granted to C. Meredithin 1841. This now subdivided freehold land

has become a holiday village.

Three parcels of Crown land located withinthe Park between Coles Bay and TheHazards are also excluded from it (see Map2). A four hectare mining lease near ParsonsCove expired in 1997. Red granite wasquarried intermittently at very low levels ofproduction from this lease. Another mminglease on 2.02 hectares of Crown land

straddling the old walking track to Mt Amosand including a road easement was neverworked and expired in 1994. A third lease of4.04 hectares, located on the hillside aboveHoneymoon Bay, expired in 1983 but theland is still excluded from the Park.

Approximately 4.53 hectares (plan LM 6976)between Richardsons Beach and

Honeymoon Bay are leased to FreycmetLodge Tasmania Pty Ltd under the NationalParks and Wildlife Act 1970 to provide touristaccommodation m the Park. The 99-yearlease and licence to operate expire in 2053.The Youth Hostel Association of Tasmania

holds an annually renewable lease on anarea of 2.02 hectares between the granitequarry and The Fisheries.

The boundaries of the Park are set out on

plan nzimber LM 51, and CPR Plan No 2355(LD 1303), CPR Plan No 4307, CPR Plan No4308, and CPR Plan No 4309, registered inthe Central Plan Office, Department ofPrimary Industries/ Water and Environment.

Wye River State Reserve has an area of some2682 hectares. The boundaries of theReserve are set out on CPR Nos 2965 and4355.

The Park and Reserve are within the

Municipality of Glamorgan-Spring Bay.

Freycinet National Park - Northern Part

Map 2A PARK BOUNDARIES

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Freycinet National Park - Southern Part

Map 2B PARK BOUNDARIES

Wye River State Reserve

Map 3 BOUNDARIES\ A

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The Vision and Objectives for the Parkand the Reserve

2.1 The Vision for the Park andthe Reserve

The vision for the Park and the Reserve givesa picture of how they will be in the futureand provides direction to management. Thevision helps avoid inappropriatedevelopment and management, and the"tyranny of small decisions", guidingmanagement not just for the short term/ butfor the benefit of future generations.

2.1. 1 The Vision

Freycinet National Park

A visitor to the Park finds healthy naturalbiodiversity, and viable populations of allindigenous species. Ecological processesand systems have a high natural integrity.

Landforms are undisturbed and the atr, land

and water are unpoUuted.

The Aboriginal and historic heritage of thePark is identified/ protected and explained.

Freycinet National Park is managed for largenumbers of visitors of diverse backgrounds,interests and abilities. In Tasmania, it has a

reputation as a family park offering a widerange of recreational opportunities. At thesame time/ the Park attracts many interstateand overseas visitors and is renowned for its

qualities.

Visitors enjoy the Park for its history, itsrelaxed and peaceful atmosphere, for thevariety of its beautiful coastlines andlandforms, and for its flora and fauna. Theyappreciate the ready contact with the naturalfeatures and processes and sceniclandscapes.

The features and values of the Park are

presented to visitors in high qualityinterpretation and education programs and

materials which add to their experience,appreciation and understanding of the Park.

Visitors pursue recreation based on thefeatures and values of the Park, without

disturbing or detracting from theexperiences of other visitors.

There are well designed, high qualityrecreation and tourism facilities and services

which are discretely located in carefullydelineated areas and do not threaten the

environmental, heritage or recreationalvalues of the Park.


A visitor to the Reserve finds healthy naturalbiodiversity/ and viable populations of allindigenous species. Ecological processesand systems have a high natural integrity.

Landforms are undisturbed and the air, land

and water are unpolluted.

The Aboriginal and historic heritage of theReserve is identified, protected andexplained.

Visitors enjoy the Reserve for its peacefulatmosphere and appreciate the scenicnatural landscapes.

There are simple, well designed/ discretelylocated visitor information/ access and toiletfacilities which do not threaten the

environmental, heritage or recreationalvalues of the Reserve.

2. 1.2 Achieving The Vision

This management plan sets out how thevision for the Park and the Reserves will beachieved. To check the effectiveness of the

management plan in doing this/ indicatorscan be used to evaluate implementation ofthe plan and to check if the vision andmanagement objectives have been achieved.


Review the plan ten years after itsapproval, or sooner if circumstancesshow this to be needed.

In the review of the plan, evaluateimplementation of the managementprescriptions and their effectiveness inachieving the management objectives ofthe plan.

As a minunum, use the performanceindicators set out in Appendix 4 whenevaluating the plan's implementationand outcomes.

Utilise any relevant, additionalmonitoring and evaluation proceduresdeveloped during the period of the planwhen evaluating the plan'simplementation and outcomes.

2.2 Purposes and Objectives ofNational Parks

National parks are a class of reserved landunder the National Parks and Wildlife Act1970. They are large natural areas of landcontaining a representative or ozitstandmgsample of major natural regions/ features orscenery.

Purposes

The purposes of reservation of nationalparks/ as set out in the National Parks andWildlife Act 1970, are the protection andmaintenance of the natural and cultural

values of the area of land while providingfor ecologically sustainable recreationconsistent with conserving those values.Freycinet National Park is reserved for thesepurposes.

Objectives

The objectives of national parks are set out inthe National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970 (seebelow) All of the general objectives set outin the Act apply to Freycinet National Park.Because of the complex mterrelationship offactors in conserving and protecting thePark's values/ the management plan as awhole specifies the reasons these objectivesapply and the manner in which theobjectives will be achieved. Nevertheless, as

a guide, the sections of the management planwhich primarily deal with each managementobjective in the Act are shown in bracketsbelow.

The management objectives of national parksare:

to conserve natural biological diversity(Sections 3.3 and 3.4);to conserve geological diversity (Section3. 1);to preserve the quality of water andprotect catchments (Section 3.2);to conserve sites or areas of cultural

significance (Section 3.5);to encourage education based on thepurpose of reservation and the natural orculhiral values of the national park, orboth (Section 5.3);to encourage research/ particularly thatwhich furthers the purpose ofreservation (Section 7.4);to protect the national park against, andrehabilitate the national park following,adverse impacts such as those of fire,introduced species/ diseases and soilerosion on the national park's naturaland cultural values and on assets within

and adjacent to the national park(Sections 2. 5, 4, and 5.5. 7);to encourage and provide for tourism/recreational use and enjoymentconsistent with the conservation of the

national park's natural and culturalvalues (Section 5 and 7.2);to encourage cooperative managementprograms with Aboriginal people inareas of significance to them in a mannerconsistent with the purpose ofreservation and the other managementobjectives (Section 3.5. 1);to preserve the natural, primitive andremote character of wilderness areas(Section 2.5 and 5.5.5).

2.3 Purposes and Objectives ofState Reserves

State reserves are a class of reserved land

under the National Parks and Wildlife Act2970. They are areas of land containing anyof the following:

significant natural landscapes;natural features;


sites, objects or places of significance toAboriginal people.

Purposes

The purposes of reservation of Statereserves/ as set out in the National Parks andWildlife Act 1970, are the protection andmaintenance of any one or more of thefollowing:(a) the natural and cultural values of the

area of land;

(b) sites, objects or places of significance toAboriginal people contained in that areaof land;

(c) use of the area of land by Aboriginalpeople,

while providing for ecologically sustainablerecreation consistent with conserving any ofthe things referred to in paragraph (a), (b)and (c) as applicable. Wye River StateReserve is reserved for purposes (a) and (b)while providing for ecologically sustainablerecreation consistent with (a) and (b).

Objectives

The objectives of State reserves are set out mthe National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970 (seebelow) All of the general objectives for Statereserves set out in the Act apply to WyeRiver State Reserve. Because of the complexinterrelationship of factors in conserving andprotecting the Reserve's values, themanagement plan as a whole specifies thereasons these objectives apply and themanner in which the objectives will beachieved. Nevertheless, as a guide, thesections of the management plan whichprimarily deal with each managementobjective in the Act are shown in bracketsbelow.

The management objectives of State reservesare:

to conserve natural biological diversity(Sections 3.3 and 3.4);to conserve geological diversity (Section3. 1);to preserve the quality of water andprotect catchments (Section 3.2);to conserve sites or areas of cultural

significance (Section 3.5);to encourage cooperative managementprograms with Aboriginal people inareas of significance to them m a mannerconsistent with the purpose of

reservation and the other managementobjectives (Section 3.5.1);to encourage education based on thepurpose of reservation and the natural orcultural values of the State reserve/ orboth (Section 5.3);to encourage research/ particularly thatwhich hirthers the purposes ofreservation (Section 7.4);to protect the State reserve against, andrehabilitate the State reserve following,adverse impacts such as those of fire/introduced species, diseases and soilerosion on the State reserve's natural andcultural values and on assets within and

adjacent to the State reserve (Sections2.5, 4, and 5.5. 7);to encourage tourism/ recreational useand enjoyment consistent with theconservation of the State reserve'snatural and cultural values (Sections 5and 7.2).

2.4 Specific Park and ReserveOb'ectives

To maintain the Park and Reserve values/

and to achieve the visions for them/ specificobjectives are set out below. Theseobjectives are fundamental to the long termprotection of the Park and the Reserve. Theyunderpin sustainable recreational andtourism use.

These objectives are consistent with thegeneral management objectives for nationalparks and State reserves. They elaborateupon and give emphasis to them m the lightof the particular features, circumstances,issues and values which prevail in the Parkand the Reserve, as described or identified inthis management plan. The context makesclear to which reserve the objectives apply.Where no particular category of reserve ismentioned then the objectives apply to bothof them.

. Conserve threatened and priority floraspecies, plant communities with CARvalues and other communities of

conservation significance/ NationalEstate flora values/ and natural floradiversity.

. Conserve threatened and priority fauna

10


species, habitats of conservationsignificance. National Estate faunavalues/ and natural fauna diversity.

Conserve natural landscapes and sites ofgeoconservation and National Estatesignificance.

Protect and retain the recreational andtourism character of the Park andReserve.

Enrich visitor experiences of Park andReserve values through education andinterpretation.

Develop public understanding of thevalues and goals for management of thePark and Reserve.

2.5 Mana ement Zones

Different conditions prevail in differentareas of the Park or Reserve. To assist

management of these differing conditions/management zones or sites have beendesignated to provide for visitor use andtake account of and protect Park andReserve values. By zoning for managementpurposes, more specific managementobjectives can deal with the localised valuesand character within each zone or site.

Some offshore islands and rocks of the Park

are seasonally restricted areas to which thepublic does not have a general right of access(see Section 5.4).

Objectives - Zoning

. Take account of localised features/conditions/ and values;

. Ensure substantial areas of the Park andReserve are undisturbed;

. Protect and enhance national park andState reserves values by concentratingand directing tourism and recreationdevelopment to designated locations;and

. Provide a range of recreational andtourism opporhmities consistent with thevalues of the national park and Statereserves.

Policies

. Five management zones are designatedfor Freycmet National Park (refer toMaps 4A and 4B):

1. Coles Bay Visitor Services Zone2. Isaacs Point Visitor Services Zone3. WMtewater Wall Visitor Services

Zone4. Recreation Zone5. Conservation Zone

. Two management zones are designatedfor Wye River State Reserve (refer toMap 6):

1. Recreation Zone2. Conservation Zone

. Tourism and recreation facilities andservices in each Zone or Site will be

limited to those provided for in Section 5of this management plan.

11

Table 1


Management Zones - Freycinet National Park andWye River State Reserve

ZONE & LOCATION VALUES AND USE

Coles BayVisitor Services Zone

The Visitor Services

Zone is generallylocated along the roadbetween Coles Bay andthe Wmeglass Baywalking track carpark.It includes the entrancearea, visitor facilities

along RichardsonsBeach, and HoneymoonBay (See Map 5).

This Zone serves as the principalvisitor services area in the Park and

is most heavily used by visitors.The Zone is also the main location

of management facilities andservices. The concentration of

development and use in this zoneminimises impact m more sensitiveareas of the Park. The priority inthis Zone is to provide a range ofhigh quality visitor services andfacilities while minimising impactson the area's values. (See Map 4).

OBJECTIVES

protect/ maintain andmonitor environmental and

heritage features and values;protect/ maintain andmonitor the recreational andtourism character;

provide recreational andtourism opportunitiesconsistent with the above

objectives; andprovide the principal visitorand management servicesand facilities for the Park.

Whitewater WallVisitor Services Zone

This Zone stretchesfrom Little Bluestone

Bay around WhitewaterWall to Bluestone Bay(See Map 5)

The Zone includes cliffs and rock

faces which are very popular withclimbers. A campground withtoilet is provided and rehabilitationwork has been undertaken in

conjunction with climbers andother users. The priority for thisZone is to provide visitors withrelatively low key facilities andretain the recreational character in

approximately its current statewhile ensuring other values aremaintained.

protect, maintain andmonitor environmentalfeatures and values;

protect/ maintain andmonitor the recreational andtourism character;

provide a limited range ofrecreational and tourism

opportunities consistent withthe above objectives; andprovide limited visitorservices and facilities.

Isaacs Point

Visitor Services Zone

This Zone extends from

where the FriendlyBeaches road reachesthe coast northwards to

Isaacs Point (See Map5).

The Zone is a day visitor andcamping destination and providesaccess to the Friendly beaches.The priority for the Zone is toprovide a similar range of facilitiesand services to those currentlyprovided but upgrade them toimprove their quality and betterprotect the values of the area.

protect, maintain andmonitor environmental and

heritage features and values;protect, maintain andmonitor the recreational andtourism character;

provide a limited range ofrecreational and tourism

opportunities consistent withthe above objectives; andprovide limited visitorservices and facilities.

12

Freydnet National Park - Northern Part

Map 4A MANAGEMENT ZONES


Recreation Zone

Conservation Zone

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Table 1 (cant.)

ZONE & LOCATION VALUES AND USE

Recreation Zone

In the FreycinetNational Park, theRecreation Zone

includes the WineglassBay Track, all of thewalking tracks andcamping areas on thepeninsula and twopublic huts. The CapeTourville Road to

Sleepy Bay and beyondis included in this zone,

Where indicated on the

maps, the RecreationZone includes

approximately 50metres each side of

walking tracks androads, and extends

along the roads open forpublic access in the WyeRiver State Reserve (SeeMap 6).

The Zone comprises those areas ofthe Park where camping andwalking opportunities areprovided at a more basic level thanm the Visitor Services Zone. It is

chiefly a corridor for recreationaltravel and access to beaches, other

natural features, and heritageareas. It also provides for low key,nature based beach recreation. In

the Wye River State Reserve, theRecreation Zone is chiefly an accesscorridor. The priority for the Zoneis to conserve its natural and

cultural values while allowing lowkey/ low impact recreation.

OB ECTIVES

protect/ maintain andmonitor environmental and

heritage features and values;and

provide for low impact/ lowdensity, non-intrusiverecreational use and

enjoyment of the area.

Conservation Zone

All of the remoter areasof the Park outside ofthe Recreation andVisitor Services Zoneare included in theConservation Zone.

Except for the roadaccess corridors, all of

the Wye River StateReserve is Conservation

Zone (See Map 6)

This Zone covers the more remote

and rugged parts of the Park,asubstantially undisturbedlandscape with importantenvironmental values. There are

important Aborigmal and historicfeatures and landscape elements.The Zone is also of value for its

scenic qualities/ natural quiet andsense of solitude. The RegionalForest Agreement processidentified high quality naturallandscape values, wilderness/ oldgrowth forest communities andkey fauna habitat for threatenedspecies in parts of the Park, mostlycontained within this Zone(Tasmanian Public Land UseCommission 1996 & 1997). Exceptfor wilderness/ similar such values

are identified for the Wye RiverState Reserve. The priority for theZone is to conserve its natural andcultural values.

conserve the natural

integrity of the Zone;conserve the diversity ofplant and animal species andcommunities;

conserve heritage values;andconserve wilderness, scenic

quality, and the character ofnatural quiet, tranquillityand sense of solitude.

14

Freydnet National Park - Southern Part

Map 4B MANAGEMENT ZONES


Map 5 VISITOR SERVICES ZONESVisitor Services Zone

Recreation Zone

Conservation Zone

Isaacs PointVisitor Services Zone

AN

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Whitewater WallVisitor Services Zone

Coles Visitor Services Zone


Map 6 MANAGEMENT ZONES<a~^

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Conservation Zone

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TasmaniaDEPARTMENTS/

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES.WATER mil ENVIRONMENT

© Information & Land Services


Park and Reserve Conservation

3.1 Geodiversit

In the south of Freycmet National Park, thelandscape is dominated by two groups ofspectacular red granite peaks separated by alow marshy isthmus on Freycinet Peninsula.North of the isthmus are The Hazards/

comprising Mt Parsons (331 metres), MtDove (485 metres)/ Mt Amos (445 metres)and Mt Mayson (420 metres). Characterisedby little vegetation and exfoliating graniteslabs/ they form a dominant landmark of theEast Coast. The Hazards are the most

outstanding example in Tasmania of largescale granite weathering and landformdevelopment due to joint control andexfoliation (Bradbury 1993). South of theisthmus are Mt Graham (579 metres) and thehighest point on the peninsula, Mt Freycinet(620 metres). Except for Wineglass Bay/ theseaward or eastern coastline of the peninsulais characterised by rugged cliffs, while thewestern coastline is characterised by moregentle slopes and beaches.

Schouten Island is similar m topography tothe peninsula with a coastline of cliffs to theeast and south, and sheltered beaches on its

northern coastline. The highest point on theisland is Mt Story (400 metres).

Two large blocks of Devonian granite formthe two mountain complexes of thepeninsula. They are linked by the WineglassBeach and Hazards Beach tombolo, an

unusually wide and well developedtombolo-dune barred lagoon system(Bradbury 1993). This isthmus is composedof Holocene sand and alluvial deposits andalso has low hills of weathered granite whichare distinct from the bare granite outcrops ofthe Hazards and Mt Freycinet-Mt Grahammountains. The outstanding lamprophyredyke near Lagunta Creek at the southernend of Hazards Beach reveals the relative

ages of two granitic phases and dolerite onFreycmet peninsula (Bradbury 1993). It isabout six metres wide and 60 metres long, afine-grained black rock contrasting with thesurrounding grey granite.

Jurassic dolerite is found at WeatherheadPoint on the peninsula and on the westernhalf of Schouten Island. The fault line which

bisects the narrowest part of Schouten Islandis one of the most striking geological featuresof the Park. Triassic sandstones and

mudstones of the Upper Parmeener SuperGroup are present at Cooks Comer on thepeninsula and on the western part ofSchouten Island. On Schouten Island, thesemudstones contain coal measures whichwere discovered in 1809 and mined in the1840s. Permian rocks of the Lower

Parmeener Super Group occur at SaltwaterLagoon.

The rocky crests and upper slopes of thegranite peaks of the Park are typicaUysmooth, rounded and devoid of soil, exceptin localised sites where granitic soils, usuallyless than ten centimetres m depth, occur(Davies/1988).

On steeper, well dramed slopes and onbroad saddles where run-off is less extreme,

duplex soils over 1.4 metres deep are found.On the gentle lower slopes and flats/ uniformsands occur Along topographicaUyprotected creek lines, uniform gravelly sandshave developed. Deep duplex soils arefound on drainage flats. Deep uniform claysmay also be present (Davies/ 1988).

The Park contains indicative areas of

National Estate value for geological/geomorphological and soil sites (TasmanianPublic Land Use Commission, 1997). Sites ofgeoconservation significance are listed inBradbury (1993).

The highest point m the Wye River StateReserve is Big Peppennint Hill rising to 708metres. The Reserve is composed of Jurassicdolerite.

Objectives - Geodiversity

. Protect, maintain and monitor

geodiversity and sites of geoconservationsignificance;

. Maintain the natural rates and

magnitudes of change in earth processes;

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and

Minimise harmful impacts ongeoconservation values.

Policies

. Potential adverse impacts ongeodiversity and earth processes will beassessed when planning anydevelopment or action, including landrehabilitation and stabilisation (seeSection 4.5).

. Management practices and developmentwill avoid or otherwise minimise

impacts on the integrity of sites ofgeoconservation significance.

. Permanent climbing fixhires of any kindwill not be allowed in the Park andReserve.

Actions

. Prepare an inventory of sites ofgeoconservation significance to guidemanagement.

. Monitor impacts on geodiversity.

3.2 Natural Landscape andWater Quali

Freycinet National Park contains largerelatively undisturbed areas withtopographic and catchment integrity wherenatural processes continue largelyunmodified by human mtervention. A largeportion of the Freycinet Peninsula and all ofSchouten Island has been assessed as anindicative area of National Estate value as awilderness area (Tasmanian Public Land UseCommission/1997). Virtually all of the Parkhas National Estate values as a natural

landscape and, for most of the peninsula/ asan undisturbed catchment (TasmanianPublic Land Use Commission, 1997). WyeRiver State Reserve has also been identifiedto have National Estate values as natural

landscape (Tasmanian Public Land UseCommission, 1997).

The Middleton Creek catchment and the

dams in the tm mines area supply water totop up the water supply for the township of

Coles Bay. In accordance with the StatePolicy on Water Quality Management 1997,protected environmental values are requiredto be set for any surface waters and groundwaters withm the Park and the Reserve.Because the Park extends to low water mark,the marine waters between low water and

high water are within the Park for thepurposes of the State Policy. For thesemarine areas however, protectedenvironmental values will be set at a later

stage.

The Board of Environmental Managementand Pollution Control and the Director have

set the values/ which were initially proposedin a public draft version of this plan. TheBoard will determine appropriate indicatorsfor each of the values and would be expectedto apply the most stringent numericalcriteria to all indicators. This set ofindicators and numbers will be the Water

Quality Objectives for the Park and Reserve.They will ensure protection of all of thevalues and be used to determine whether the

values are being met over time. Theprotected environmental values are:

A Protection of aquatic ecosystems:

pristine or nearly pristine ecosystemsfor surface waters within the Park orReserve with their headwaters in thePark or Reserve;

modified (not pristine) ecosystemsfrom which edible fish, crustacea andshellfish are harvested for all othersurface waters within the Park andfor all other surface waters withinthe Reserve;

B Protection of recreational water qualityand aesthetics (for activities permitted bythe management plan or regulations):

primary contact for all fresh waterswithm the Park and Reserve;

secondary contact for aU fresh waterswithin the Park and Reserve;aesthetics; and

C Raw water for drinking water supply(Coles Bay):

subject to coarse screening plusdisinfection.

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Objectives - Natural Landscape &Water Quality

. protect, maintain and monitor theNational Estate values of the natural

landscape;. protect/ mamtain and monitor

wilderness values in the Park;

. maintain or enhance water qualityrequired by protected environmentalvalues; and

. protect scenic values.

Policies

. Identified protected environmentalvalues will be achieved in accordance

with the requirements of the State Policyon Water Quality Management 1997.

Actions

. Ensure developments or activities do notcompromise water quality.

. Identify and protect the significantnatural landscape features and attributesthat contribute to the National Estatevalue of:

the Park as a wilderness, natural

landscape and undisturbedcatchment; and

the Wye River State Reserve as anatural landscape.

. Identify and protect views of significantscenic natural landscapes.

. Assess the visual impact of proposeddevelopments on natural landscapevalues prior to approval of suchdevelopments.

. Protect the scenic natural landscapevalues of Wineglass Bay and theHazards.

. Where feasible, remove, relocate, or

replace facilities whose location ordesign significantly impact on naturallandscape quality.

. Liaise with neighbouring land ownersand land managers to limit the impact ofdevelopments outside the Park andReserve on their natural landscapevalues.

3.3 Flora

Freyctnet National Park is important for theconservation of Tasmania's dry sclerophyllplant communities on granite and dolerite,and the conservation of a range of rare andendemic plant species. Over 500 nativehigher plant species have been recorded inthe Park, nearly one-third of the Tasmanianhigher plant flora. Several communities andspecies are of high conservation value/including many endemic species of restricteddistribution and conservation status.

Importantly, the heati-dands at the FriendlyBeaches appear to be free of Phytophthoracinnamomi.

At least 83 species of Tasmanian nativeorchids have been recorded from FreycinetNational Park. The Park is considered a

valuable rehige for orchids, particularly thehomed orchid, Orthoceras strictum and the

ruddy hood/ Pterostylis squamata. The latterspecies is most vulnerable to disturbance bymanagement and visitor activities.

The flora of the Park includes species listedin the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.These include Melaleuca pustulala,Cyphanthera tasmanica, Epacris barbata,Stenanthemum pimeleoides, Westringiabrevifolia var raleighii, Odixia angusta,Euphrasia collina ssp. deflexifolia, Euphrasiacollina ssp. gunnii and Gahnia rodwayi. Whilea small population of Euphrasia collina ssp.deflexifolia occurs near Friendly Point/evidence of it and Euphrasia collina ssp gunniihave not been found in recent years in otherlocations m the Park where they formerlyoccurred. It is uncertain if they will reappearfollowing fire.

There are 49 species in the Park which areendemic in Tasmania. Many of these speciesare restricted in distribution. Wye RiverState Reserve contains 43 endemic species.

The Park's forest communities have been

mapped as part of the comprehensiveregional assessment for the Tasmania-Commonwealth Regional Forest Agreement(Tasmanian Public Land Use Commission,1996). The forest communities identified mthe Freycinet National Park as prioritycommunities having CAR values are coastalEucalyptus amygdalina sclerophyll forest,

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Allocasuarina verticillata forest, grassyEucalyptus globulus forest, Eucalyptus oblicjuadry forest, shrubby Eucalyptus ovata -Eucalyptus viminalis forest, Eucalyptuspulchella - Eucalyptus globulus - Eucalyptusviminalis grassy shrubby dry sclerophyllforest, Eucalyptus sieberi forest on granite/Eucalyptus sieberi forest on other (non-granite) substrate/ Eucalyptus tenuiramisforest on granite, and Eucalyptus viminalisgrassy forest.

The Park contains indicative areas of

National Estate value for old growth forest/flora type localities, flora species and forestcommunity richness/ centres of endemicflora/ disjunct flora species, flora species atthe limit of their range and flora refugiafrom fire and disease (Tasmanian PublicLand Use Commission, 1997). The CARvalues of the Park include the priority forestcommunities identified above/ and the areas

of old growth forest. The Park also includeswilderness areas (see 3.2). The importanceof the Park for flora conservation means that

conservation of plant communities andspecies is one of the major considerations ofmanagement.

Flora species are listed in Appenduc1.

The forest communities identified in the WyeRiver State Reserve as priority communitieshaving CAR values are Eucalyptus pulchella -Eucalyptus globulus - Eucalyptus vimmalisgrassy shrubby dry sclerophyll forest,Eucalyptus amygdalina forest on dolerite,medium and tall hardwood forests

dominated by Eucalyptus delegatensis,Eucalyptus viminalis grassy forest, andEucalyptus tenuiramis forest on dolerite.

The Reserve contains indicative areas of

National Estate value for old growth forest,flora type localities, flora species and forestcommunity richness/ centres of endemicflora, and flora refugia from fire and disease(Tasmanian Public Land Use Commission,1997). The CAR values of the Reserveinclude the priority forest communitiesidentified above, and the areas of old growthforest. The Reserve does not include anywilderness areas. The Reserve contains

Lasiopetalum micmnthum, a prostrate shrubspecies listed as vulnerable in the ThreatenedSpecies Protection Act 1995. Other listedspecies include Melaleuca pustulata,Stenanthemum pimeleoides and Gahnia rodwayi.

The importance of the Reserve for floraconservation means that conservation of

plant communities and species is one of themajor considerations of management.

Objectives - Flora

. Protect/ maintain and monitor naturalflora diversity, threatened flora species,and plant communities with CAR valuesand of conservation and National Estate

significance; and. Minimise harmful impacts on Park and

Reserve mdigenous flora.

Policies

. The following areas wiU be given highflora conservation priority:

old growth forest communities;priority forest communities;areas of heathland and heathy forestnot known to be infected with

Phytophthora cinnamomi; andany area containing threatened floraspecies or communities ofconservation significance.

. Adverse impacts in high conservationpriority areas will be avoided or limitedto those which are localised and of

minimal impact.

. Only local provenance of speciesindigenous to the Park and the Reservewill be used in rehabilitation works

unless written approval is given foralternatives.

Actions

. Complete preparation of a detailedvegetation map for the Park and the WyeRiver State Reserve.

. Identify key habitats and prepare and/orimplement management programs forthreatened flora species or communitiesof conservation significance.

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3.4 Fauna

The fauna of Freycinet National Park can beregarded as fairly typical of the drysclerophyll forest of the eastern half ofTasmania. The wide diversity of habitatswithin the Park and its surrounding marineenvironment provide for a wide diversity ofterrestrial and marine species.

A list of fauna known to occur in the Park is

included in Appendices 2 and 3. Usefulinformation on threatened fauna locations,

profiles and habitat types is contained in ahandbook on Tasmania's threatened fauna

(Bryant and Jackson/1999). Most of the Parkprovides key fauna habitat for threatenedspecies (Tasmanian Public Land UseCommission, 1997). No systematic survey ofthe fauna of Wye River State Reserve hasbeen undertaken and detailed faunainformation is not available.

Mammals

The most common macropod in the Park isthe Bennetts wallaby Macropus rufogriseus. Itis common around camping areas andcarparks where feeding by visitorsencourages them to congregate in larger thannahiral numbers. The Tasmanian

pademelon Thylogale billardieru is commonand occurs throughout the Park. The long-nosed potoroo Potorous apicalis occurs but isuncommon, being found only m thick heathand sclerophyll forest undergrowth.

The Tasmanian bettong Bettongia gaimardioccurs in the Park. The Tasmanian devil

Sarcophilus harrisii is common. The easternquoll Dasyurus viverrinus appears to bewidespread, but the spotted-tailed quollDasyurus maculatus is uncommon.Brush-tailed possums Trichosurus vulpeculaare common, particularly around campingareas. Other less common possums whichhave been recorded include the ringtailpossum Pseudocheirus peregrinus and theintroduced sugar glider Petaurus breviceps.The eastern pygmy possum Cercartetus nanusis probably common m the Park and the littlepygmy possum Cercartetus lepidus alsooccurs. Wombats Vombatus ursinus arecommon/ but the status of the brownbandicoot Isoodon obesulus and the barred

bandicoot Perameles gunnii is not known.

Echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus are commonthroughout the Park, and though likely tooccur, platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinushave not been confirmed.

The New Holland mouse Pseudomysnovaehollandiae was first discovered mTasmania in 1976 in the heathlands of the

Friendly Beaches (Hacking 1980). Themouse was found at a location near HepburnPoint m the Coles Bay Conservation Area/formerly known as the Coles Bay CoastalReserve (Rose, 1998), and more recently overmuch of nearby parts of the ConservationArea (Lazenby, 1999). It's distribution on theFreycinet Peninsula is unknown. The mouseis listed as rare in the Threatened SpeciesProtection Act 1995.

The swamp rat Rattus lutreolus has beenrecorded, and the native water rat Hydromyschrysogaster is common in lagoon/beachareas and around the rocky shorelines of thePark.

Several bat species are known to occur in thePark. The most common are the lesser long-eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi and thesmallest Tasmanian bat species, the littleforest bat Vespadelus vultumus. In 1985,eleven large forest bats Vespadelusdarlingtoni, one Eastern false pipistrelleFalsistrellus tasmaniensis and one chocolatewattled bat Chalinolobus morio were recordednear Richardsons Beach.

Australian hir seals Arctocephalus pusillushaul out to rest on the Taillefer Rocks, islets

just south of Schouten Island which areincluded in the Park. Leopard sealsHydrurga leptonyx sometimes come ashore.

Mammal species in the Reserve have notbeen surveyed systematically.

Birds

Bird life in the Park is rich and varied, the

variety of habitat favouring many species.Of more than 230 species of birds recordedin Tasmania and its waters, at least 147 have

been recorded in and around the FreycinetPeninsula, Schouten Island and MoultingLagoon. A list of bird species, their statusand preferred habitats in the Park appears mAppendix 3.

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The vukierable swift parrot Lathamus discoloris a common summer migrant to the Park,nesting in old growth forests of Eucalyptusglobulus.

Several pairs of white-bellied sea eaglesHaliaeetus leucogaster and a few pairs ofwedge-tailed eagles Acjuila audax are knownto breed and nest within the Park. Both

species are protected. The wedge-tailedeagle is listed as vulnerable in the ThreatenedSpecies Protection Act 1995.

Several species of waders breed on theshores of the Park and offshore islets and

rocks. The Park is important for wadingbirds due to its proximity to MoultmgLagoon, a wetland of internationalimportance. The hooded plover Charadriusrubricollis, nationally listed as vulnerable andrequiring monitoring in Tasmania, breedsand nests on the beaches of the Park.

Hooded plovers and otherwaders/shorebirds such as piedoystercatchers and masked lapwings loseeggs/ nests and chicks during the breedingseason to trampling and other humandisturbance, and to predation by feralcats.

All of the Park's offshore islands/ islets androcks are important breeding and restingsites for seabirds. For example, fairy prionsand short-tailed sheanvaters breed onTaillefer Rocks, and short-tailed shearwaters

and fairy penguins breed and nest on RefugeIsland and Schouten Island. Pacific gullsbreed on The Nuggets. Penguin coloniesalso occur on the mainland of the Park/including at the eastern end of Crocketts Bayon Schouten Island.

The diversity of the avifauna of the Park isdirectly related to the diversity and size ofhabitats available. Fire is the most importantfactor to consider for conserving and/ormanipulatmg habitats and their diversity.Old growth forest is an important habitat formany species, especially hollow-nesters suchas owls and parrots, mcludmg thevuhierable swift parrot.

Reptiles and Amphibians

Three species of snakes are present in thePark; the tiger snake Notechis ater thecopperhead Austrelaps superbus and thewMte-lipped whipsnake Drysdalia coronoides.All three species are venomous.

The largest species of lizard in Tasmania, theTasmardan blotched blue-tongue Tiliquanigrolutea is found m the Park as is thesouthern or mountain dragonTympanocryptis diemensis.

White's skink Egernia whitii is common m thePark as is the ocellated skink Niveoscincusocellatus. The metallic skink Niveoscincusmetallicus and the three-lined sktnk Bassiana

dupernfi are also found. The she-oak skinkCyclodomorphus casuarinae, grass skinkPseudemoia entrecasteauxii, Tasmanian tree

sktnk Niveoscincus preliosus and three-linedsktnk have been recorded on SchoutenIsland. The extensions to the Park haveincluded suitable habitat for the tussock

skink Pseudemoia pagenstecheri which onlyoccurs m tussock grasslands.

Frog species within the Park include thegreen and golden frog Litoria raniformiswhich has suffered serious decline on the

mainland and in parts of Tasmania. Apopulation has been discovered in HazardsLagoon which may be an important refugefor the species. The other six speciesoccurring in the Park have all been recordedin the Mosquito Creek swamp.

Fish

The permanent streams in the Park carrypopulations of native fish. In February 2000a one day survey of fish was undertaken onSchouten Island and the western side of the

peninsula (Jackson and Harvey, 2000). Thiswas the first fish survey undertaken in theseareas. On Schouten Island/ species recordedwere Atherinidae sp. hardyhead, Galaxiastruttaceus spotted galaxias, Neochanna cleaveriTasmanian mudfish/ and an Anguilla sp. eel.The Tasmanian mudfish Neochanna

(formerly Galaxias) cleaveri is of significancein that it has not previously been recordedon the east coast between Flinders Islandand the Prosser River. At Cooks Beach

swamp and outflow, Galaxias truttaceus,Anguilla sp. and Pseudogobius olorum SwanRiver goby were recorded, at Lagunta CreekGalaxias truttaceus, Anguilla sp. andPseudaphritis urvillii sandy/ at Bryans Lagoonoutflow Atherinidae sp. and at MiddletonCreek Anguilla sp. The survey noted that thetrout free streams supported a very highdensity of native fish.

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Although not included in the Park, themarine waters around the Park are popularfor fishing.

Invertebrates

Little is known of the invertebrate fauna of

the Park, though a few species of scientificinterest have been noted.

A tree-climbing land snail Bothriembryontasmanicus, confined to the east coast of

Tasmania/ is widespread and abundantalong the coast of Schouten Island. Snailsand freshwater molluscs found in the Park

are given in Smith and Kershaw (1981).

The freshwater crayfish Astacopsis franklinu

has been recorded near the summit of Mt

Graham and in the dry bed of Chinese Creekon Schouten Island. It and the other faunaassociated with its burrows are considered a

faunal feature unique to Tasmania.

Objectives - Fauna

. Protect, maintain and monitor

threatened fauna species/ in particularthe swift parrot, and the diversity ofindigenous fauna and habitat;

. M'inimise harmful impacts onindigenous fauna and habitats; and

. Provide opportunities for visitors toencounter wildlife.

Policies

. To protect breeding seabirds and restingseals. The Nuggets/ Refuge Island/Promise Rock, Lemon Rock, Half LemonRock, Eastern Rock and Taillefer Rocks

are restricted areas to which the publicdoes not have a general right of accessbetween 1 October and 31 March each

year (see Section 5. 3).

. The following significant Park habitatswill be left undisturbed or otherwise

given special protection or management:

swift parrot habitat;bettong habitat;any other threatened species habitat;habitats of shore breeding birdsduring the breeding season from thebeginning of October until the end ofEaster.

. To prevent disturbance to penguins/camping will not be permitted at theeastern end of Crocketts Bay.

. All practicable efforts will be made toprevent adverse fire and other impactson breeding of threatened species.

. Adopt appropriate fire regimes tomaintain the habitat of the New Hollandmouse.

. Use of shore breeding birds areas may belimited or access restricted if monitormgshows disturbance of breeding.

. Eagle nests will be protected as far aspossible from disturbance. As aprecaution, the location of nests will notbe made public.

. Information and education will be

provided to visitors on mintmistngimpacts on shore breeding birds.

. Animal management and controlmeasures/ including fencing, culling,biological control, removal/ or relocation/will be adopted if studies show them tobe warranted and practicable.

Actions

. Identify habitats of threatened speciesand implement management programsfor protection of the habitat and thethreatened species.

. Monitor the breeding success of shorebirds.

. Implement the relevant prescriptions ofthe swift parrot recovery plan (Brereton,1998)

. Monitor the conservation status of the

hooded plover.

. Conduct fauna surveys of the Park andthe Reserve useful for management andprotection.

. Discourage visitors from feedingwildlife.

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3. 5 Aboriginal and HistoricHerita e

3.5. 1 Aboriginal Heritage

Some surveys of the Aborigmal heritage ofFreycinet National Park have beenundertaken. The Reserve has not been

systematically investigated. Europeanknowledge of human history in the Freycinetarea is restricted to a combination of

historical records and archaeologicalinvestigation of the heritage created bythousands of years of Aboriginal occupationand use. Evidence from Warreen Cave in

Tasmania's south west suggests thatAboriginal people have lived in Tasmaniacontinuously from at least 35, 000 years ago.

The Park and Reserve are in the territory ofthe Oyster Bay Tribe which consisted of anestimated 600-700 people, and whoseterritory extended from the Derwent estuaryup the east coast to the Fingal Valley andwestward to the Midlands (Brown, 1986). In

1816, Captain James Kelly recorded a partyof Aborigines on Schouten Island (MacFie,1991). The historic records suggest that theFreycinet Peninsula and Schouten Islandwere part of the area of theTOO. RER. NO.MAIR. RE. ME.NERband ofthe tribe and possibly MAY.YER.LOW.ER orMAIR. REN.NER.PAIR. RER.NER bands.

Limited archaeological studies in the Park(Brown 1986, 1991; Snelgrove and Noble1991), and a more recent study (Stanton,1998) which also discusses more broadlyAboriginal values and aspirations/ haverevealed an abundance of Aboriginalheritage. This is particularly focussed alongthe coastal margins, behind sandy beaches/beside estuaries, along cliffs and rockycoastal areas. This heritage includes shellmiddens, rock quarries, rock shelters, stoneartefacts and possibly a rock paintmg. Thereis very little documented knowledge of theAboriginal heritage of the Wye River StateReserve

Along with some natural erosion, recreationand development in the Park has resulted inimpacts upon Aboriginal heritage. As earlyas the 1830s, Cole burned shells from

middens along Richardsons Beach to makelime. Today, dune systems with middens

line many of the beaches popular forcamping/ and roads and walking tracks crossseveral middens and archaeological areas mthe Park. For example, the camping groundat Richardsons Beach is located on one of themost extensive shell middens known on the

east coast, with highly significant culturalresources (Stanton, 1998). The many accesstracks to the beach made by campers overthe years has contributed to erosion of themidden/dune system on the seaward sideand the vehicle access track/ parking andtent sites have also contributed to thedestruction of the inland side of the

midden/dune system. Use of the walkingtrack across the isthmus between WineglassBay and Hazards Beach has caused erosionof a midden at Hazards Beach. A chainedboardwalk and other works have been

installed to ensure the stability of the area.

The Aboriginal heritage of the Park andReserve have a strong and continuingsignificance to the Tasmanian Aboriginalcommunity. Heritage needs to be identifiedand protected, particularly from the impactsof development and visitor use. There ispotential for the Tasmanian Aboriginalcommunity to promote and interpret theirheritage to the wider community andprovide greater understanding of Aboriginalculture in the Park. Very little informationabout the wealth of Aboriginal heritage ofthe Park is interpreted for visitors.

New legislation dealing with Aboriginalheritage management is underconsideration. At present/ the AboriginalRelics Act 1975 applies.

Objectives - Aboriginal Heritage

In cooperation with the Aboriginalcommunity:

. Identify and record Aborigmal heritage;

. Protect and conserve Aboriginalheritage; and

. Interpret Aboriginal heritage.

Policies

. Aboriginal heritage values will beassessed and protected in accordancewith applicable legislation, thismanagement plan and any agreednational or state charter or guidelines forAboriginal heritage.

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Locations of Aboriginal heritagesignificance will not be publicised unlessthe location has been assessed/ mcooperation with the Aboriginalcommunity/ as suitable for educationalor interpretative use. Where applicable,make use of any agreed Aboriginalinterpretation strategy.

The Aboriginal community will beconsulted on the management ofAboriginal heritage and on anyundertaking or development which mayimpinge upon Aboriginal heritage.

All proposed landscape modification,development, or maintenance within thePark and Reserves will be subject to theprescriptions of Section 4.5.

As far as possible, development will belocated well away from areas ofAboriginal heritage.

Aboriginal heritage will not bedeliberately disturbed for management/development or research purposesunless the Director determines there is

no practicable alternative and a permit todisturb aboriginal relics has been issuedunder the Aboriginal Relics Act 1975.

Actions

In cooperation with the Aborigmalcommunity, identify, record/ monitorand protect Aboriginal heritage.

Report all Aboriginal relics discovered inthe Park or the Reserves to the Director,

in accordance with the Aboriginal RelicsAct 1975.

In consultation with the Aboriginalcommunity, rehabilitate and protectlocations of Aboriginal heritagesignificance which have been damagedby development or use.

Rationalise and harden access tracks

from individual campsites alongRichardsons Beach to limit damage toAboriginal middens.

In consultation with the Aboriginalcommunity/ educate visitors on thesignificance and protection of Aboriginal

heritage and develop interpretation ofAboriginal heritage.

3. 5.2 Historic Heritage

In 1642, Abel Tasman explored the southernand south-eastern coastline of Tasmania andnamed Schouten Island. Tasman also named

a feature of high land to the northVanderlins Eylandt. Vanderlins Eylandt wasrenamed Freycmet Peninsula after twobrothers on Captain Nicolas Baudm's Frenchscientific expedition of 1802. Baudm'sexpedition did extensive charting of the areaand named feahires in the area, includingCape Faure, Cape Baudin, Cape Forestierand Thouin Bay. Members of the Baudinexpedition landed overnight on SchoutenIsland.

In the early 1800s/ sealers were active inGreat Oyster Bay and the sealer JosephStacey are recorded being at Schouten Islandin 1809. In 1824, George Meredithestablished a bay whaling station at ParsonsCove known as the "Old Fishery", whichoperated until the mid-1830s. Recordsindicate that there were bay whaling stationsat Sleepy Bay and at both the north andsouth ends of Wmeglass Bay, as well asGeorge Meredith's operation at ParsonsCove (Evans, 1993; Kostoglou, 1995).Settlement remains at Bryans Beach are froma bay whaling station/ and SlaughterhouseBay was probably named for its associationwith the industry. A bay whaling stationwas also located at Passage Point/CrockettsBay. Remains of the industry in the Park arevery sparse, limited to piles of whalebone/ afew bricks, stone fireplaces and hutfoundations.

George Meredith claimed land at hiswhaling site in 1841 and, in 1854, 5.67hectares of this claim were granted to his sonCharles Meredith. This private freeholdland has been subdivided and is now knownas "The Fisheries". Charles was leased afurther 37. 65 hectares to the west of

Wineglass Bay m 1870 for pastoral andagricultural purposes, but the land wasconsidered poor and the lease lapsed. Aretired auctioneer/ Harry Parsons, moved toThe Fisheries in the 1920's, and visitors

began building holiday shacks and homes.

In the 1830s, Silas Cole/ a farm manager fromCranbrook, north of Swansea, built a hut at

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the north-eastem end of Coles Bay/ in thevicinity of the present powered caravan sitesin the Park. Cole burned shells from the

enormous Aboriginal middens alongRichardsons Beach to make lime, which was

shipped to Swansea for use in mortar.

The following account of mining activity onSchouten Island is taken from Bacon andCorbett (1984). Coal was discovered onSchouten Island in 1809. Coal was mined for

a short time in the 1840s/ and prospecting forcoal on the island occurred again between1888-1892 and m 1924. Alluvial tin was won

by Chinese prospectors north of Mt Storybetween 1840 and 1880. Old embankments

and cuttings/ alluvial workings on ChineseCreek, ruins and coal adits are now the onlyvisible remains of tin and coal mining onSchouten Island.

In the early twentieth century, a number oftin mining leases operated in the areabetween Sleepy Bay and Richardsons Beach.Several gravel quarry leases for roadconstruction have operated on the SleepyBay-Cape Tourville Road in the Park in thepast.

Until recently/ two mining leases existed onCrown land surrounded by the Park (seeMap 2B). Northern Tasmanian Quarries PtyLtd held a licence until 1997 to operate thered granite quarry at Parsons Cove. Thesame company also held a mining lease forred granite on the old walking track to MtAmos. This lease was never worked and

expired in 1994. These parcels of Crownland, as well as a third parcel with a leasethat expired in 1983, have not been added tothe Park.

Farming in the area now occupied by thePark began about 1850, when EdwardCrockett ran sheep on Schouten Island andlater at Bryans Beach. About the same time,a Mr Leggs was occupying a stone hut atCooks Comer on the peninsula. Remainsthere include the hut, three stone fish trapsand a boat slip (McGowan 1984). OnSchouten Island several years later/ AtholCook built the wooden extensions to Cook'sHut and constructed the timber house.Remams on Schouten Island also include a

shed ruin/ a sheep dip, farm machinery andother building foundations. Grazing leaseswere held on Schouten Island until 1969.

Ron Richardson built some holiday shacks

on the site of Freycinet Lodge (formerly TheChateau) in 1934, which were used as abivouac by the army during World War II.In 1951, Richardson was initially granted a21 year lease on the land where The Chateauwas built and eventually granted a 99-yearlease. The Brand family assumed the 99-year lease and bought The Chateaubuildings in 1970 as family holidayaccommodation. The Chateau was sold in

1990 and redeveloped as Freycmet Lodge.

Wye River State Reserve was formerly Stateforest. Very little historic heritageinformation is readUy available for theReserve.

The history of the Park presents anopportunity for interpretation andeducation. However/ the significance andintegrity of the historic sites needs to berespected and maintained.

Management of sites in the Park and theReserve that are on the Tasmardan HeritageRegister is subject to the Historic CulturalHeritage Act 1995. All the significant historicheritage values of the Park and the Reserveneed protection from avoidable decay ordisturbance, and maintenance of their

integrity.

Objectives - Historic Heritage

. Identify, record and conserve significanthistoric heritage in the Park and theReserve;

. Present and interpret historic heritage;and

. Protect significant historic heritage fromintrusive development and activity.

Policies

. Irrespective of Zone, conservation andmanagement of historic heritage in thePark and the Reserve will adhere to theBurra Charter (see Australia ICOMOSInc, 1999) and its associated guidelines.

. Conservation, use, and management ofhistoric heritage will conform with thismanagement plan.

. A conservation policy statement orconservation plan, including specificassessment of significance, will beprepared before any decisions about

27

Freycinet National Park and Wye River State Reserue,Management Plan 2000

major works on, use, removal orinterpretation of historic heritage orindividual elements of it. Such

statements or plans will be prepared inaccordance with the principles outlinedin the Burra Charter, using themethodology outlined in Kerr (1996).

Accurate, detailed workmgdocumentation, appropriate to the scaleand significance of the works, will beprepared prior to any conservationworks and will be prepared to recordany conservation works "as built".

An archaeological assessment will berequired before approval of anydevelopment or ground-breaking workin areas of heritage significance (seeSection 4.5).

A cyclical and catch up maintenanceprogram will be developed andimplemented for significant historicfeatures.

Except for historic artefacts requiringspecial attention/ the historic featurespresent in the Park and Reserve,mcludmg historic huts m the Park, willremain m situ and will be managed inaccordance with this plan.

Assistance in management of historichuts will be sought from people with anmterest m or an historical associationwith the Park.

Actions

Identify, record and assess thesignificance and condition of all historicfeatures.

Protect historic places from adverseprocesses and actions.

Make safe any dangerous structures, inkeeping with their heritage significance.

Prepare conservation policy statementsor plans for all significant historicheritage features.

Catalogue/ appropriately store, orpresent historic artefacts to visitors.When warranted, adopt conservationmeasures.

. Assess requirements for and providesuitable fire protection for all heritagestructures (see 4.1).

. Develop interpretation for historicheritage places and values in the Parkand Reserve.

3.5.3 Cultural Landscape

Conservation of historic heritage valuesrequires not only attention to remainingstruchires, features/ and artefacts/ but alsocareful and sympathetic management of thesurrounding settings and culturallandscapes.

Aboriginal cultural landscapes form part ofAboriginal heritage and are covered bySection 3.5.1.

Objectives - Cultural Landscape

. Identify and conserve the heritageintegrity and quality of significantcultural landscapes and heritagevegetation; and

. Revegetate or allow natural regenerationof all other disturbed areas.

Policies

. Introduced plants of heritagesignificance will be retained and, ifnecessary, replaced to maintaincontinuity of the historic culturallandscape.

. Cultural landscape maintenance andrenewal will be based on the researched

significance and layout of heritageplantings and cleared areas.

Actions

. Identify/ record and assess thesignificance of historic plantings andcultural landscapes.

. Maintain, propagate and re-establishsignificant historic plantings.

. Prevent introduced plants speciesretained for their heritage significancespreading into indigenous plantcommunities.

28


. Assess the visual impact of proposeddevelopments on cultural landscapevalues prior to approval of suchdevelopments.

. Where feasible/ remove/ relocate/ or

replace facilities whose location ordesign significantly impact on culturallandscape quality.

29


Park and Reserve Protection

4.1 Fire Mana ement

The vegetation of Freycinet National Parkand the Reserve has been exposed toperiodic fire for thousands of years and fireis a natural part of the Park and Reserveenvironment. In some cases/ fire maintains a

diversity of plant communities by enablingmore fire-tolerant communities (principallygrasslands, heathlands and woodlands) toregenerate. The plant species diversity inheathlands is lower in long unbumt areasthan m adjacent more recently burnt areas.This is because many heathland species areshort lived/ but regenerate freely after fire.Fire management activities need to takeparticular account of the distribution andregeneration strategies of different plantcommunities. The exclusion of fire can also

adversely impact on some fauna species. Forexample/ the New Holland mouse favoursthe early post fire seral stages in heathland.If fire is excluded for too long m thesecommunities, the habitat becomes unsuitablefor it.

The imposition of appropriate fire regimes isimportant to the ecology of these areas andessential to maintaining the diversity ofspecies. Ecologists have determined that afire regime should be defined by thefrequency of burning/ the season of burning,the intensity of fires, the size of individualfires and the degree of variability of all thesefactors. Too frequent burning, tooinfrequent burning, or lack of variability inseason of burning or frequency of burning,have all been recognised as factors whichcan reduce biodiversity and eliminatespecies, even in fire adapted communities.

The topography and boundary configurationof Freycmet greatly influence visitor use ofthe Park and thus the fire risk associated

with visitor activities. On the peninsula, fewescape routes for walkers increase exposureto risk. In the north of the Park, illegalvehicle access, including by trail bikes, is apotential problem for fire management.

Illegal fire lighting have been the majorsource of wildfires in the last 20 years andthis has contributed to the burning of almostthe entire Freycinet National Park. Escapesfrom campfires, and from burning ofrubbish, garden waste/ logging slash andfuel reduction burns on private land have allcontributed to the fire history of the Park.

Because a highway runs through the lengthof the Wye River State Reserve, it isvulnerable to arson or inadvertent ignition.

The Parks and Wildlife Service is responsibleunder the Fire Service Act 1979 and the Fire

Service (Miscellaneous) Regulations 1996 for allaspects of fire management within the Parkand the Reserves, including prevention,contamment and suppression.

The Park abuts private land and both thePark and the Reserve share boundaries with

State forest with important timber assets.

The focus of wildfire prevention is onprotection of heavily visited areas andneighbouring properties, and areas of highenvironmental or heritage significance.

The highest priority for wildfire suppressionis protection of visitors, neighbouringproperties/ and Park and Reserve facilitiesand buildings. The safety of walkers andcampers in the event of bushfire is ofparticular concern. Nevertheless/ during awildfire/ fire behaviour and suppressionnecessity will determine the on-groundactions and may mean that priorities needmodification on the day. The developmentof high fuel loads may preclude directsuppression of any actively spreading firewhich might occur in the Recreation andConservation Zones.

Objectives - Fire M.anagement

. Protect visitors and staff;

. Protect neighbours and their property;

. Protect Park and Reserves facilities andassets; and

. Maintain or improve nature conservationvalues.

30


Policies

. Fire management will accord with thismanagement plan and the firemanagement plan current at the time.

. On the basis of contemporary knowledgeand resources, fire managementpriorities will be directed towardsproviding the fire regimes and otherprotection measures considerednecessary to protect human life andproperty. The areas thus treated willonly be as extensive as is considerednecessary to provide adequateprotection. Outside of these areas, firemanagement will focus on mamtammgthe diversity of flora and fauna speciesand communities.

. Fire management will be undertaken inconsultation with relevant authorities

and local landholders including ForestryTasmania.

. Fire management and suppressionprocedures will accord with the Inter-Agency Fire Management Protocolagreed between the Parks and WildlifeService, the Tasmania Fire Service and

Forestry Tasmania (Forestry Tasmania etal, 1998).

. All practicable efforts will be made,consistent with the available resources,

prevailing Fire Danger Index/ fireintensity and fire crew safety/ to excludewildfire from or restrict its spread inhigh conservation priority, significanthabitat and historic heritage areas.

. Except for emergency fire suppression/all fire management actions includingecological management burning, fuelreduction burning, water hole and firetrack construction or maintenance will beundertaken in accordance with Section4.5.

. Fuel reduction, including burning,slashing/ mowing, and similar methods/may be used for wildfire prevention andcontainment.

. Ecological management burning may beundertaken to maintain populations offlora or fauna species and communities,with priority given to species and

communities of high conservation value(see 3.3 and 3.4 ).

Fire frequencies set out in ecologicalmanagement programs will aim tomaintain viable populations of and/orhabitats for plants and animals ofconservation value.

Within the constraints identified in this

management plan and the firemanagement plan/ historic heritage siteswill be protected from damage by fire orfire management operations.

Until such time as revised mapping isavailable, the priority areas for theexclusion of fire and/or mechanical

dishirbance will be as shown on Mapsla, Ib, and 1c of the Fire ManagementPlan (Parks and Wildlife Service, 1995).

Where priorities for protection ofconservation values have not been

established/ priorities will be determinedafter consultation with relevant

specialists if time and circumstancespermit/ or if not, on the basis ofsuppression expediency.

No earthmovmg machinery will be usedfor fire management purposes south ofthe Wineglass Bay Carpark.

All practicable measures consistent withthis management plan will be taken todiminish the risk of wildfu-es occurringin the Park and the Reserves and to

lessen their impact.

Park and Reserve visitors may only lightfires in a designated fireplace in Zoneswhich are not designated fuel stove only(see 5), except in an emergency or asotherwise authorised.

Rangers may, by display of a sign ornotice, prohibit or restrict fires in thePark or Reserve when the Fire DangerIndex requires such measures, as well asduring days of Total Fire Ban.

Except on days of relatively low FireDanger Index, suppression procedureswill usually involve bringing the fire tosafe edges provided by the sea,firebreaks, and any low fuel areas.

31


. In the Recreation and Conservation

zones south of the Coles Bay VisitorServices Zone/ wildfires may be allowedto bum if use of suppression resources isnot warranted by the threats to safety orconservation priorities.

. Fire suppression operations will beundertaken in a manner which

minimises the impact on Aboriginal andhistoric heritage, and threatened species/and the spread of Phytophthoracinnamomi, in so far as this is practicableand consistent with the objective ofprotecting life and neighbouringproperty from wildfire.

Actions

. Develop and implement firemanagement programs for the Reserve.

. Implement, review and revise asnecessary the fire management plan forthe Park.

. Maintain all existing firebreaks and firetrails.

. In the Park, undertake fuel reductionmeasures in accordance with the Fire

Management Plan.

. Adopt fire regimes to maintainpopulations of all flora and faiina speciesand communities, with particularpriority for the bettong. New Hollandmouse, and Oyster Bay pine forest.

. Make all practicable efforts to preventadverse fire and fire managementimpacts on breeding of threatenedspecies.

. Explain fire management policies andfire safety procedures to visitors as partof an interpretive program for the Parkand the Reserves.

. For fire management purposes,designate vehicular tracks to be retainedor constructed as firebreaks or fire trails.

. Take all practicable measures to preventpublic vehicular access to those formedtracks designated exclusively for use asfire trails or other management orlicensed uses.

Close to private vehicle access fire trailswithin the Park leading from Coles BayRoad and Cape Tourville Road.

Strictly enforce any restrictions whichapply to lighting fires.

Provide suitable fire protection for aUstructures.

Maintain fire suppression equipment tooperational standards.

Train staff in fire prevention andsuppression procedures, including fuelreduction burning, wildfire fighting, useof fire fighting equipment/ and actions tobe taken at different fire ratings.

4.2 Introduced Pests and Diseases

4.2.1 Introduced Fauna

Mammals introduced to the Park and theReserves include rabbits, black rats, housemice, and domes tie/feral cats. There arerabbits on Schouten Island. Some

introduced birds also occur/ includmgcommon starlmg, house sparrow, gold finch/green finch and European blackbird (seeAppendix 3). The introduced LaughingKookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae also occursin the Park. Dogs sometimes illegally enterthe Park and the Reserves/ with or withouttheir owners.

The owners of shacks and holiday homes atThe Fisheries are allowed/ by regulation, totransport dogs through the Park to theFisheries. A similar provision applies toprivate land in the north of the Park.

Feral cats have been reported on thepeninsula and at Bluestone Bay, but theirnumbers and distribution are unknown.

The sugar glider Petaurus breviceps has beenrecorded in the Park. The species wasintroduced to Tasmania from mainland

Australia and its impact, numbers anddistribution in the Park are unknown.

Pacific oysters could establish feralpopulations along the shores of the Park if

32


spat from marine farms m Great Oyster Baydrift on currents onto the Park's coastline.

All these introduced animals have impactson native species and ecosystems, huntingnative species, introducing diseases, causingerosion, competing for habitat or disturbingvisitors. The presence of pest species notindigenous to the Park or the Reserve is outof keeping with the reasons for theirreservation.

Objectives - Introduced Fauna

. Eradicate introduced species where thisis feasible and warranted; and

. Control and manage mtroduced specieswhere eradication is not practicable orwarranted.

Policies

. Introduction of fauna or fish (includingTasmanian fauna or fish) not historicallyindigenous within the boundaries of thePark or Reserve will not be allowed.

. Eradication of introduced fauna will

only be attempted where populations ofnon target species are not threatened bythe proposed methods, unless the threatfrom the introduced species is greaterthan the threat from eradicationmethods.

. Eradication, control, and containment

programs and priorities will be based onclear/ well documented contemporaryknowledge or, where necessary/additional research.

. The priority for eradication throughoutthe Park will be feral cats and rabbits.

. Except in accordance with the NationalParks and Reserved Land Regulations 1999,animals not native to the Park or Reservemust not be taken into or allowed to bein or remain in the Park or the Reserve.

. In the Park/ Regulation 7(2) (c) of theNational Parks and Reserved Land

Regulations 1999, will apply only todomestic dogs and stock and to no otherspecies of animal not native to the Park.

. Authorities for movement of stock

through the Park (other than within a

moving vehicle) may be issued for thedesignated trails shown in thismanagement plan (see Map 7), and inaccordance with the plan, but under noother circumstances.

. Authorities for horses may be grantedfor the designated horse trails shown inthis management plan, and inaccordance with the plan, but under noother circumstances.

. Horses will not be allowed on any beachor coastal dune system.

Actions

. Monitor introduced animal populationswithin the Park and Reserve.

. Monitor the coastline of the Park for

Pacific oysters or other invasive marinespecies.

. Make visitors aware that dogs are notallowed in the Park or the Reserve.

. Liaise with and educate adjacentresidents to manage pets so that they donot enter the Park or Reserve.

. Prepare management programs forintroduced fauna species which requireactive management.

4.2.2 Introduced Flora

Many plants have been introduced to thePark and the Reserve. Some have become

weeds, invading bushland or derelictpasture/ and competing with indigenousspecies. Effective control and managementof weeds is necessary and priority targets forcontrol need to be identified.

The principal weeds are marram grass,thistle, gorse and a number of herbaceousweed species. There is a large localmfestation of gorse on Schouten Island aswell as a number of other introduced

species. Considerable effort has gone intoremoving the gorse although in recent yearsless work has been undertaken.

Introduced marram grass Ammophila arenariaoccurs on beaches in the Park. It isconsidered an invasive weed which alters

natural dune and beach processes. Other

33


introduced sand-btnding species such as seaspurge Euphorbia paralias occur atSlaughterhouse Bay and Weatherhead Point.The Friendly Beaches are so far free of thesespecies.

Objectives - Introduced Flora

. Eradicate introduced flora where this is

feasible and warranted by the damagebeing caused; and

. Control and manage introduced florawhere eradication is not possible orwarranted.

Policies

. Weed management will accord with theprovisions of the introduced plantspolicy (Parks and Wildlife Service/1998A)

. Introduced flora management will belinked with:

protection of natural and culturalvalues;erosion control; and

revegetation works.

. An integrated regional approach tointroduced flora management, involvingneighbouring land owners andmanagers, will be supported.

. Eradication or control of introduced flora

will only be attempted where non targetspecies are not threatened by theproposed methods, unless the threatfrom the weeds is greater than the threatfrom eradication methods.

. Introduced flora eradication/ control,

and containment actions and prioritieswill be based on clear, well documented

contemporary knowledge or, wherenecessary/ additional research.

. The assistance of volunteers will be

sought for control and eradication wheresuitable planned and programmedworks and effective supervision ordirection are available.

. Priorities for eradication throughout thePark wiU be gorse, thistles and any otherinvasive species, including marram grassat Bryans Beach.

Actions

. Monitor introduced flora within the Parkand Reserve.

. Monitor Friendly Beaches for anyoutbreaks of marram grass or sea spurgeand remove before them.

. Prepare management programs forintroduced flora which requires activemanagement.

. Eradicate/ control or contain gorse andmarram grass.

. Prevent the spread of introduced plantspecies retained for heritage purposes.

. Remove introduced garden plants in thePark at the boundary with the town ofColes Bay.

4. 2.3 Plant Diseases

Phytophthora cinnamomi is a microscopicfungus which lives in the soil and roots andcauses severe dieback or death in at least 136

native plant species.

Freycinet National Park is climaticallysuitable for Phytophthora, plant communitieson the sandy heaths being most susceptibleto attack. The Park already has Phytophthoracinnamomi mfections in a number of places.Surveys (Harris 1991 and Rudman 1993)have found symptoms consistent withPhytophthora cinnamomi present in vegetationon walking tracks throughout the peninsula.Schouten Island was surveyed in 1994 andthe disease was found on the Bear Hill trackand in creek catchments on the southern side

of the island/ possibly a result of tin miningin the late 1800s. Symptoms of the diseaseappear to be most prevalent on the peninsulawalking tracks between Wineglass Bay andMt Graham, extending to the Mt Freycinetsaddle, and on the Hazards Beach tracknorth of Fleurieu Point. The disease is also

known from behind Passage Beach/ where itis affecting a newly found population ofEpacris barbata, and along the ridge betweenPassage Beach and Mt Freyctnet.

The distribution of the disease in the Park

suggests that bushwalkers are the principalvector. There is little that can be done now

to prevent the ultimate spread of the disease

34


on the Peninsula. Consequently, FriendlyBeaches are an extremely importantheathland conservation area as they appearto be Phytophthora free. However, thedisease may already occur on adjacent land.

The disease is a threat to the rare shrub

Conospermum hookeri, which occurs on theHazards Beach track near Malunna Creek.

The disease is prevalent around developedsites such as Freycinet Lodge, whereextensive patches of the rare plantThryptomene micmntha have succumbed tothe disease. Other rare species threatened bythe disease include Epacris barbata, Epacrismyrtifolia, Melaleuca pustulata, Xanthorrhoeaarenaria. and Xanthorrhoea bracteata.

With access controls, it may be possible toavoid spreading Phytophthora cinnamomi andother soil borne pathogens to designatedvuhierable ares as yet unmfected.

Objectives - Plant Disease

. Protect populations of threatenedspecies; and

. Limit the spread of Phytophthoracinnamomi and other plant pathogens inthe Park and Reserve, particularly m theFriendly Beaches area.

Policies

. All practicable steps will be taken toprevent the spread of Phytophthora orother plant pathogens into uninfectedareas where efforts to exclude disease

are warranted by the values at risk.

. Any imported soil, fill or crushed rockused in any construction project in areasknown to be free of Phytophthora andwhere exclusion of the disease is a

priority/ will be obtained from siteswhere Phytophthora is not found/ usingPhytophthora-tiee machinery.

. Where direct seeding is not used, allplants used m planting works withinareas free of Phytophthora will bepropagated, m Phytophthora-hee soil orother medium from certified

Phytophthora free nurseries.

. Any new walking tracks or routes in thePark will be located to minimise the

spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Actions

Designate Phytophthora managementareas, and adopt catchment protection,access and activity controls forprotection of representative areas ofsusceptible communities of threatenedspecies.

Monitor Phytophthora prone areas.

Inform visitors of the Phytophthora threatto the Park and Reserve and educate

them in disease prevention hygienemeasures.

Lunit development and recreationactivity to those areas already infected orof low priority for disease exclusion.

Re-route tracks or use other techniquessuch as boardwalks where necessary toprotect threatened species and/orcontrol the spread of infection.

4.3 Soil Conservation and ErosionControl

The potential for erosion of the dune systemsalong the coastal areas of the Park is highdue to natural causes and due to tramplingand vehicle use by visitors, particularly mthe Coles Bay and Isaacs Point VisitorServices Zones. Illegal vehicle use along theFriendly Beaches has contributed to damageand dune erosion.

The granite soils of the Freycinet NationalPark are very susceptible to erosion. Thesteep upper slopes and crests areparticularly vulnerable to sheet and rillerosion, while gully/ tunnel and stream bankerosion are common on the lower slopes andflats. The risk of soil erosion increases with

the frequency of burning. Erosion problemsare increasing on the Hazards traverse andon the steep section of the Peninsula trackbetween Mt Graham and Wmeglass BaySome action has been taken to combat

erosion but more work is required to controlexisting erosion problems and prevent futuredegradation.

35


Objective - Soil Conservation &Erosion Control

. Prevent erosion and rehabilitate

damaged areas.

Policies

. The priority for soil conservation will beto prevent erosion from occurring.

. Erosion hazard and stahis assessments

will be made where significant grounddisturbance or soil exposure is proposed.

. Land rehabilitation and stabilisation will

be carried out on the basis of a priorgeomorphological assessment.

Actions

. Undertake drainage and erosion controlworks on the Peninsula track between

Mt Graham and Wineglass Bay.

. Monitor erosion on the Hazards tracks

and traverse and undertake preventionmeasures and/or rehabilitation.

. Complete rehabilitation of the granitequarry site, removing any remains of thejetty, power poles/ sheds/ machinery andequipment, rubbish and waste materials.While generally relying on naturalrevegetation, undertake activerevegetation if necessary.

. Rehabilitate distarbed or erodmg areas/including unwanted vehicular trails andareas disturbed by development.

. Monitor beaches and dunes for erosion

and dune stability and rehabilitate ifnecessary.

. Construct and maintain suitablydesigned dune crossings and barrierswhere necessary.

4.4 Mana in Visitor Im acts

Rubbish, including marine debris/ is foundaround campgrounds/ in carparks, alongtracks and on beaches. Rubbish collection

bins and recycling bins are provided in the

Park at central locations. Visitors are

responsible for taking their rubbish to thenearest waste transfer station.

Depending on the location or Zone, visitorsin large groups may change the recreationalcharacter of the Park and Reserve, causingadverse social and environmental impacts.If large school or other groups lack adequatesupervision, and/or trained or qualifiedleaders, adverse impacts can occur.

In areas of the Park where camping occurs,the illegal collection of wood for campftreshas resulted in severe localised degradation.Rtngbarkmg, cutting and damage to livetrees has increased as the availability of deadand down wood diminishes. There is

evidence of illegal chainsaw use on SchoutenIsland. Other visitor impacts include erosionof tracks/ dunes and middens, the risk of

spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi disease/enlargement of camping areas and theaccumulation of human waste.

The dunes at Richardsons Beach incorporatean extensive Aboriginal shell midden. Themidden shows evidence of long occupation.Camping, vehicle access to campsites andfoot access tracks from campsites to thebeach have contributed to erosion of the

midden/dune system.

Monitoring of the camping area at thesouthern end of Wineglass Bay Beachconfirms the expansion of the camping area,the use of chatnsaws for destruction of

standing trees both dead and alive, andremoval of all available ground litter forcampfires. Despite minimal impactbushwalkmg poUcies, large amounts ofrubbish left by boaters and walkers must beremoved each season. Toilet facilities at the

Wineglass Bay campsite are now inadequateand the camping area has now deterioratedbelow an acceptable standard.

Boating visitors or participants in eventssuch as the Three Peaks race may beunaware of Park values and cause adverse

impacts. Minimal impact boating educationnow operates and applies not only toFreycinet National Park/ but to all coastalareas of the State.

A minimal impact bushwalking programapplies to the Park and the Reserve.

36


Sewage disposal is provided by the sewagelagoons located near the Park entrance builtto service Park facilities. These lagoons alsoaccept input of sewage from FreycinetLodge. The lagoons are operated as ascheduled premise.

Reticulated water from Coles Bay isavailable in the Park as far south as

Honeymoon Bay. No water is provided atIsaacs Point or elsewhere in the Park apartfrom water tanks on Cooks Hut and the

toilet block at Wineglass Bay carpark.

Objectives - Visitor Impacts

. Protect, maintam and monitorenvironmental and heritage values andthe special tourism and recreationcharacter of the Park; and

. Perpetuate the Park in a state that isvalued by visitors.

Policies

. Visitor numbers, facilities, services andactivities will be limited to those which

are ecologically sustainable.

. The maximum party size for licensedgroups will be consistent with theprinciples of the Walking TrackManagement Strategy (Parks andWildUfe Service/ 1998B).

. In the Recreation Zone, the generalpublic who are camping will beencouraged to observe the same partysize requirements as licensed groups.

. No input to the sewage lagoons in thePark will be accepted from anydevelopment outside of the Park.

. Toilets not connected to sewagetreatment facilities will be managed toensure that adjacent environments arenot polluted by waste discharge.

. Camping areas will be designated withinthe Park and, if necessary, the overallsize and capacity of camping areas, andthe location of tent sites within them, will

be defined to prevent environmentaldamage and protect the quality of thecamping experience for visitors(See 5.5).

Actions

. Assist local and State governmentauthorities develop a sustainablesewerage scheme and water supplysystem for the Swanick-Coles Bay-Freycinet National Park community.

. Undertake site design and implementprotection measures to repair andmaintain the quality of the camping areaat the southern end of Wineglass Bay

. Provide environmentally sustainabletoilets in designated visitor areas.

. If monitoring suggests the need/ providea toilet at the northern end of WineglassBay.

. Upgrade the toilets at Hazards Beach/Cooks Beach and south Wineglass Bay.

. Inform visitors of/ and encourage themto apply techniques for mmimal impactuse of the Park and Reserve.

. Prior to the establishment of any licensedcamp, undertake a baselineenvironmental inventory of the proposedsite for reference in future monitoring.

. In the Coles Bay and Isaacs Point VisitorServices Zones, provide rubbishcollection facilities in designatedlocations.

. In all other Zones, require visitors to taketheir rubbish with them.

. Enforce the authority conditions and/orcodes of conduct for the use of motor

vehicles, bicycles and horses.

. Provide guidelines for groups onreasonable group size, supervision,mmimal impact requirements andqualified or experienced leaders.

4.5 Mana in Develo ment

Development can range from manipulativeresearch, works, including fire managementworks, which change the natural or existingcondition or topography of land/ and

37

Freycinet rational Park and Wye River State Reserve,Management Plan 2000

construction, alteration/ repair or removal oftracks, toilets, buildings, other facilities orservices. For the purposes of this plan/ allprescribed burning can be considered to bedevelopment.

Major developments are those which arelarge in scale, or have high public interest/ orthe potential for substantial impacts on thevalues of the Park or Reserve, or have a

material impact outside the Park or Reserveboundaries. Examples includeaccommodation developments andinterpretation centres.

The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970requires that/ in managing development onreserved land, regard must be had to theresource management and planning systemobjectives. The legislative framework fordealing with development continues to berefined and updated.

Objectives - Managing Development

. Avoid or minimise the impact ofdevelopment on Park and Reservevalues;

. Conserve the special tourism andrecreation character of the Park andReserve; and

. Foster public confidence in approveddevelopments.

Policies

. All development will accord with thismanagement plan.

. All proposals for any development,landscape modification, research,management or maintenance workinvolving any ground breaking,structural disturbance, or environmental

manipulation of any kind will beassessed in accordance with proceduresapproved by the Director.

. Development will be limited to thatallowed by the zoning.

. In all Zones, site planning commensuratewith the scale and type of proposeddevelopment wiU be undertaken tocontrol and guide development.

. Development in Visitor Services Zoneswill accord with an overall site plan for

the Zone. The site plan for a VisitorServices Zone may be an individual planfor the Zone or combined with site plansfor other Visitor Service Zones in thePark.

For all major developments and forproposed site developments or changesthat will, while permitted by the zoning/appreciably alter the existing use orcharacter of a Zone, a developmentspecific site plan wiU be prepared.

All site plans will be made available indraft form for public comment for aperiod of not less than thirty days priorto finalising and approving them, andsubsequently whenever significantmodifications are proposed to them.

All development will meet applicablestatutory requirements.

Actions

Confirm statutory requirements forplanning and building approval beforeproceeding.

Where they apply, ensure compliancewith relevant Australian standards.

Ensure development is consistent withthe Tasmanian State Coastal Policy 1996.

Ensure the design/ placement andconstruction of facilities is consistentwith the scenic values of the Park orReserve.

Rationalise provision of facilities whereimpacts or demand do not warrant thenumber or type of facilities provided.

Provide visitors with on-site information

about the intent and progress of anysignificant developments.

38


5 Tourism and Recreation

In this Section 5, references are to the

Freycinet National Park/ the Wye River StateReserve or both, depending on the context.

5.1 Understanding the Park andReserve Visit

As one of the major recreational areas inTasmania and the most accessible and wellknown tourist destination on the East Coast/the Park attracted an estimated 170 000

individual visitors (person-visits) in the1998/99 financial year/ divided betweensome 100 000 interstate or overseas visitors

and 70 000 Tasmardan visitors.

People staymg in the Park or nearbysettlements may enter the Park many tunesduring their stay. This accounts for the some255 000 person-entries over the same timeperiod. Person-entries are determined bymultiplying the number of times a vehiclecrosses the traffic counter at the Park

entrance at Coles Bay by a multiplier for theaverage number of people carried by avehicle. An unknown number of peopleenter the Park at other locations.

Person-entries are strongly seasonal/ withsome 64% occurring between December andApril. The level of person-entries in Januaryis about six times that of July. About 95% ofall visitors are day visitors. The averagelength of stay for other visitors isapproximately 2.8 nights. Some 82% ofovernight visitors stay in the Park betweenDecember and April.

Visitor statistics are not available for the

Wye River State Reserve, but except forthrough traffic on the Lake Leake Road,visitor numbers are expected to be very low.

School groups, scout groups, outdoorrecreation groups and bushwalktng clubsregularly use the Park and its facilities.

Visitors with boats use the beaches aroundthe coastline of the Park as a base for fishing

and other water-based activities, launchingboats at Coles Bay. At Friendly Beaches,surfing and fishing are popular activities.

Objectives - Understanding the Visit

. Understand visitor pressures on the Parkand Reserve; and

. Provide the basis for effective visitor

management.

Policies

. Visitor research will be focussed on

improving the inventory andunderstanding of visitor numbers andcharacteristics, behaviour, needs and

expectations/ and assisting visitormanagement.

Actions

. Collect visitor arrival information

regularly at major access points to thePark and Reserve.

. Monitor and investigate visitor pressureson the Park and Reserve.

5.2 Promoting the Park andReserve

According to the Department of Tourism/Sport and Recreation (1990), the growthmarket in tourism and recreation is

composed of visitors who are not satisfiedwith derivations or imitations of other placesand experiences. The CommonwealthDepartment of Tourism (1994) state thatvisitors seek experiences that are authenticand incorporate learning, rather thancontrived entertainment. In this regard,Freycinet National Park and the Wye RiverState Reserve are places that are inherentlyand uniquely attractive to visitors.

Much of the Park and Reserve is

characterised by a recovering, or apparently

39


unspoiled natural environment/ spectacularscenery, and peace and quiet.

In the Park/ visitors come in close contact

with wildlife/ magnificent beaches and ascenic environment, forming a peaceful andrelaxing setting. In the Reserve, visitorsexperience scenic and peaceful forests andscenic outlooks.

The granite faces of the Hazards and nearbysea cliffs are among the best known andmost popular rock climbing areas in theState, and are used by school and recreationgroups as well as recreational climbers.

Good marketing and pre-visit informationwill attract visitors seeking the experiencesprovided by the Park and Reserve and directothers to areas more suitable for their needs.

It will also allow visitors to plan their visit tothe region to experience the variety ofattractions available.

The recreational opportunities and the scenicbeauty of the Park attract many people to theColes Bay area each summer. Touristfacilities in the Park include Freycmet Lodge,the Youth Hostel Association of Tasmania

(YHA) hostel, powered caravan sites andcampmg areas.

According to the Tasmanian visitor survey(Tourism Tasmania, 1999), 19.7% of adultvisitors to Tasmania in 1998 made a day visitto Coles Bay/Freycinet Peninsula, that is,about 99 500 people.

Objectives - Promoting the Park & Reserve

. Increase the profile of the Park's andReserve's features and values with

potential visitors; and. Encourage sustainable tourism and visits

to the Park and Reserve and the region.

Policies

. The Park and Reserve and surroundingareas will be promoted cooperativelywith local and regional tourism groups.

Actions

. Establish an East Coast InterpretationCentre m the Park.

. Develop and implement a visitorstrategy for the Park, consistent with thismanagement plan and the StatewideVisitor Strategy (Parks and WildlifeService, in prep).

. Liaise with Tourism Tasmania, the

Glamorgan Spring Bay Council and localtourism groups in developing andimplementing the visitor strategy and onprovision of visitor information alongroads leading to the Park and Reserve.

. Consider the relationship with otherreserves in the region where this willimprove the effectiveness of the strategy

. Publicise the features and values of thePark and Reserve.

. Use visitor monitoring and research toguide future marketing of the Park,Reserve and related attractions.

. Provide staff training in visitor receptionand communication.

5.3 Inte relation and Education

Visitors are increasingly looking to enjoy,understand and appreciate their visitthrough high standard presentation ofinformation, interpretation and education.Interpretation and education are critical tothe delivery of quality Park and Reserveexperiences/ as well as fostering anappreciation of and caring attitude towardsthe Park and Reserve (Department ofTourism, Sport and Recreation, 1994).

Freycinet National Park is the most popularreserve on the east coast of Tasmania, but

relatively little information andinterpretation services are currentlyavailable. There is limited on-site

interpretation, education and information onAboriginal heritage, old whaling stations/old mine workings and pastoral activities.hiformation for boating visitors is alsolimited.

Maps and notesheets are available. Thereare also information sheets on the common

birds, plants and animals of the Park.

40


An East Coast Interpretation Centre is beingdeveloped in the Coles Bay Visitor ServicesZone. Interpretation m the Centre is to focuson the values of the network of reserves in

the east coast region, includmg the Park andWye River State Reserve.

The Park is an important educationalresource for students. It is also well used byyouth groups/ scout groups and otheroutdoor recreation groups.

Limited material has been prepared forinterpretive use in the Reserve. Someorientation and directional information is

provided.

Objectives - Interpretation and Education

. Encourage pre-visit awareness of therecreational and tourism features,

facilities, opportunities and experiences;. Highlight the diversity and values of the

environmental and heritage features ofthe Park and Reserve;

. Explain the different periods of people'suse of the Park and Reserve;

. Encourage visitors to pursue theirinterests and explore what the Park andReserve have to offer;

. Utilise the educational values of the Parkand Reserve;

. Canvas issues to be confronted in

managing the Park and Reserve;. Increase public awareness of safety

issues; and

. Limit visitor impacts on each other andon the Park and Reserve.

Policies

. High priority will be given to provisionof good quality visitor information andinterpretation, particularly in the ColesBay Visitor Services Zone.

. Interpretation programs and facilitieswill be concentrated in the Visitor

Services Zones. Some interpretation maybe provided m the Recreation Zone. Nointerpretation facilities will be located inthe Conservation Zone.

. Interpretation of the Park will focus onits marine, flora/ fauna/ geology, andAboriginal and historic heritage values.

. Use of the Park and Reserve for teachingabout environmental and heritage valueswill be encouraged.

. School and other groups undertakingeducational activities will be encouragedto discuss their proposed program withstaff when planning their visit.

Actions

. In the light of the new East CoastInterpretation Centre and its interpretivefocus/ prepare and implement aninterpretation plan to guidedevelopment of mterpretation for thePark.

. Provide visitors with pre-visitinformation.

. Upgrade interpretation for day visitorsin the Visitor Services Zones/ with

priority on the Coles Bay Visitor ServicesZone.

. Provide signs in the Coles Bay VisitorServices Zone for visitors to orientate

themselves and find key features.

. With the cooperation of the AustralianMaritime Safety Authority (AMSA),provide interpretation at Cape Tourville.

. Develop interpretation of the Aboriginalheritage of Freycinet National Park inconsultation with the Aboriginalcommunity.

. Develop education packages for use byschool and other groups.

. Provide information about potentialhazards and encourage visitors to adoptsafe practices. In particular/ ensure usersof the Wmeglass Bay lookout track aresufficiently informed.

. Inform visitors of Park and Reserve

etiquette and minimal impact behaviourand practices/ including removal ofrubbish.

. Develop and disseminate guidelines forboating from and sea access to the Park.

41


5.4 Access

The main road access to Freycinet NationalPark is via Coles Bay Road (C302), accessedfrom the Tasman Highway (A3). Thenorthern boundary of the Park can bereached from Harveys Farm Road.

Some visitors to the Park arrive by sea. Theprincipal anchorages are Wineglass Bay,Coles Bay and at Bryans Beach. Theanchorages for Schouten Island are atCrocketts Bay and Moreys Bay.

Wye State Reserve can be reached by theLake Leake Road (B34) which runs throughthe middle of the Reserve.

Objectives - Access

. Maintain, develop and promoteopportunities for people, mcluding thosewith disabilities, to visit;

. Protect Park and Reserve values byconcentrating and limiting developedvisitor arrival points and travel routes todesignated locations;

. Monitor and manage access by boatingvisitors; and

. Direct and develop access within thePark and Reserve appropriate to theZone in which it occurs.

Policies

. In accordance with Section 25 of the Act

and by virtue of this management plan,the following areas of Freycinet NationalPark are declared to be areas of the Park,

to low water mark, to which the publichas not a general right of access between1 October and 31 March:

The Nuggets;Refuge Island;Promise Rock;Lemon Rock;Half Lemon Rock;Eastern Rock; andThe Taillefer Rocks.

An area which is subject of such adeclaration is termed a "restricted area".

. Except for management purposesapproved by the Director, no person mayenter or remain in a restricted area

except in accordance with the conditions

of an authority issued by the managingauthority, or unless accompanied by aRanger or other person duly authorisedby the Director.

5.4. 1 Boating Access

Fishing is very popular within Great OysterBay and along the shores of the Park.Pleasure boats, yachts/ recreational andcommercial fishing boats anchor in shelteredbays of the Park, especially Wineglass Bayand Crocketts Bay on Schouten Island.Boaters go ashore most often at WmeglassBay, Cooks Beach and Bryans Beach on thepemnsula/ and at Crocketts Bay and MoreysBay on Schouten Island. Charter boatservice operates in Great Oyster Bay. Eachyear/ boats from events such as the Sydneyto Hobart yacht race and the Three Peaksrace visit the Park. Monitoring and policingof boating activities and access to the Park inremote areas is difficult.

The waters immediately offshore ofRichardsons Beach are very popular forswimming/ snorkelling and other water-based activities. From time to time, concerns

are expressed about water-skiing/ power-boating, netting and commercial fishmgbeing incompatible with more passiveactivities undertaken in waters adjacent tothe Park. Under By-law 27 of the Marine andSafety (Motor Boats and Licences) By-laws 1998,made under the Marine and Safety AuthorityAct 1997, visitors usmg boats are restricted tospeeds of 5 knots within 120 metres of anyperson in the water and within 60 metres ofthe shore or any marine facility such as ajetty or moormg.

There are no constructed boat ramps in thePark but boats are often launched from andstored on Richardsons Beach. Trailer

launching and retrieval of boats is availableat public boat ramps in Coles Bay. Boats aresometimes launched from the beach at Isaacs

Point if an authority has been issued and akey obtained. A similar system formerlyoperated at Freshwater Lagoon, but,consistent with the recommendations of the

site plan (Inspiring Places, 2000), is no longeravailable.

Policies

. No landing facilities, boat ramps/ orjetties for boats will be allowed on any

42


shores of the Park, except for the jettyfacility at Freycinet Lodge, as providedfor in the approval of its redevelopment.This jetty will provide short termmooring for access to the resort but willnot to be used as a base for refuelling.

The use of boat trailers or the launchingor retrieval of boats from trailers will not

be permitted on Richardsons Beach orany other beach in the Park, except withan authority at Isaacs Point.

Campers with a booked RichardsonsBeach campsite may store small boats inthe Park on Richardsons Beach for the

duration of their booking only.

Where boats are to be stored for longerthan two weeks/ an authority will berequired and, in such cases, boats mustbe stored in the dingy rack at thenorthern end of Richardsons Beach.

Except for the above provisions, or formanagement purposes, boats will not bestored anywhere else in the Park.

Boating visitors to the Park will besubject to the same statutory and otherrequirements as other visitors.

Constructed public boat ramp facilitieswill not be provided m the Park.

Actions

Negotiate an agreement with Marine andSafety Tasmania that no moorings willbe authorised around the coastline of the

Park except for the existing areas offRichardsons Beach and Fisheries Beach

at Coles Bay.

Develop and disseminate guidelines forboatmg from and sea access to the Park,including water skiing.

Consider means for volunteer reporting(eg "Boatwatch") of the activities ofboating visitors within the Park.

Liaise with Marine and Safety Tasmaniaas required to deal with boating andwater sport activities, and in cooperationwith them, strictly enforce requirementsfor boating and water sport activities inthe waters off the Park.

5.4.2 Air Access

There are no aircraft landing grounds in thePark or the Reserve. AMSA/ as part of itslease agreements for Schouten Island andCape Tourville/ does not require anauthority for air access to those leases.

Policies

. Arrdrops within the Park or the Reservewill only be allowed for management oremergency purposes.

. Except in an emergency/ or inaccordance with AMSA's lease

agreements, or for managementpurposes, all aircraft/ includmghelicopters and seaplanes, will requirean authority, consistent with thismanagement plan and the managementzones/ to land or take off in the Park andthe Reserve/ as required by the NationalParks and Reserved Land Regulations 1999.

. Any proposal to establish regular orfrequent landing or taking off of aircraft,including helicopters and seaplanes/ willbe released for public comment beforeapproval.

Actions

. In consultation with the relevant

stakeholders, develop, or make use ofexisting overflight guidelines tominimise the impact of low flyingaircraft on the recreational experiences ofPark visitors and on wildlife.

5.4.3 Vehicular Access

The roads leading to and through the Parkare shown on Maps 2A and 2B. It isimportant to note that where any of theseroads pass through the Park/ they are part ofthe Park and therefore under the control of

the Director and subject to the National Parksand Wildlife Act 1970 and the National Parksand Reserved Land Regulations 1999.

The Glamorgan-Spring Bay Councilmaintains the section of Coles Bay Roadwithin the Park (now named FreycinetDrive). The road provides access for visitorsand to the youth hostel/ as well as to TheFisheries.

43


Access to Sleepy Bay, the Cape Tourvillelighthouse and Bluestone Bay is gained viaCape Tourville Road. The lighthouse is apopular destination for visitors because it isaccessible by car, but the standard ofmaintenance is unsuitable for the largenumbers of visitors who drive there.

Recreational vehicle driving occurs onsections of the Friendly Beaches atdesignated times of year provided anauthority has been obtained, and ondesignated formed tracks year round. Illegaluse of trail bikes and off road vehicles occurs

in the Park, with particular problemsoccurring on the Friendly Beaches andaround Saltwater Lagoon and FreshwaterLagoon.

In the north of the Park there are a smallnumber of vehicular roads and tracks,

including access tracks to freehold blockssurrounded by the Park.

The Wye River State Reserve is divided bythe Lake Leake Road and there are a fewvehicular tracks into the Reserve from thisroad.

Policies

. No new roads will be constructed in the

Park south of the Wineglass Bay carpark.

. Only vehicles registered for use onpublic roads will be allowed in the Parkand Reserve.

. The existing road to private land atCourland Bay will remain open forpublic vehicle access. All side tracksfrom this road will be closed to publicvehicle access.

. Private use of motorised vehicles within

the Park and Reserve/ including trailbikes and off-road vehicles, will only beallowed on designated formed roads inthe Visitor Services Zones and

Recreation Zone or/ subject to anauthority issued by the managingauthority, designated sections of theFriendly Beaches at designated times.Use anywhere else in the Park orReserve, including beaches/ will not beallowed.

Before construction of any new roads orvehicular tracks, or re-routing of existingones, survey the proposed route fordisease risk, habitat and speciessignificance, and heritage significance.

The impacts of vehicular use of FriendlyBeaches will be monitored and use

modified or prohibited if the need arises(for example during the breeding seasonof shore birds).

Vehicle use on the designated section ofFriendly Beaches will be limited to thearea of beach between high water markand low water mark.

Except for management purposes,vehicle access will not be permittedaround the western side of Freshwater

Lagoon or to Saltwater Lagoon.

Roads and vehicular track developmentand maintenance will accord with the

prescriptions of Section 4.5.

Actions

Liaise with the Glamorgan-Spring BayCouncil on traffic and pedestrian safetymeasures on the road between the Park

entrance and the Wmeglass Bay carpark.

Control vehicle speeds on roads withinthe Park.

For fire management purposes,designate vehicular tracks to be retainedor constructed as firebreaks or fire trails.

Prevent private vehicle access to firetrails and ftrebreaks or any other formedtracks designated for authorised/licensed or management purposes only

Where practicable/ ensure barriers aresufficient to prevent illegal vehicleaccess, particularly to beaches.

Consistent with the recommendations of

the site plan, close the existing vehicletrack to the beach at Freshwater Lagoonand prevent illegal vehicle access.

Ensure roads and vehicular tracks are of

a sufficient standard for their purposeand maintained to prevent erosion.

44


. Subject to any agreement on publicwalking access to Courland Bay (see5.4.4), develop a public turn around andparking area and vehicle gate in asuitable location along the access road inthe vicinity of the private land boundary

. Upgrade and regularly maintam theCape Tourville road.

. Redesign the Sleepy Bay carpark andadjacent road alignment to increase itssize and safety.

. Regularly maintain the WhitewaterWall/Bluestone Bay road to a stable,four wheel drive standard.

. Improve the grade and safety of theramp connectmg the upper and lowerlevels of the Wmeglass Bay carpark.

. Seal the lower section of the WineglassBay carpark.

. Construct and seal a bus parking area atthe Wineglass Bay carpark.

. Consider installation of gravel overflowparallel parking along the entry road tothe Wmeglass Bay carpark.

. Install signs to inform visitors of roadsand vehicle tracks which are not suitablefor conventional vehicles/ coaches/caravans or trailers.

. Permanently close roads and vehiculartracks not required for public ormanagement use.

. Enforce controls on vehicle access.

. Consider means for volunteer reporting(eg "Beachwatch") of the activities ofvehicles on beaches within the Park.

. Ensure vehicle access by licence orauthority includes conditions to protectenvironmental/ Aboriginal and historicheritage values, and that theseconditions are observed.

5.4.4 Walking Access

The system of walking tracks is welldeveloped within the Park, and all tracks onthe peninsula now origmate from the

Wineglass Bay carpark. The extremelyerodible granitic and sandy soils of the Parkmean that a track subjected to such high useis difficult to mamtain, and is considered to

be unsafe by many visitors. Visitors haveslipped and fallen on the Wmeglass Baylookout track, injuring themselves andrequiring rescue and medical attention.Improvements have been made to the trackand ongoing upgrading and maintenancecontinues.

Visitors without vehicles walk along theroad to reach the Wineglass Bay carpark. Analternative walking route betweenRichardsons Beach and the carpark couldprovide increased safety and amenity forvisitors on foot, and expand the range ofwalking opportunities.

Other well used day walks include the trackto Mt Amos and the Wineglass Bay/HazardsBeach circuit track which contmues from

Wineglass Bay across the Isthmus toHazards Beach, then along the coast to thecarpark. All of these tracks receive high useand are subject to erosion which increaseswith gradient. At present, trackmaintenance is concentrated in these highuse areas where tracks require virtuallycontinual maintenance.

There is also a constructed track from the

carpark at Sleepy Bay to the rocks andshoreline below and contmumg south alongthe coast to a small, unnamed gravellybeach. Although upgrading work has beenundertaken/ some further improvementscould be made.

The Peninsula Track is a circuit around the

peninsula via Mt Graham and around MtFreycinet providing a medium grade/ two tofour day walk. Walkers also have the optionof continumg on a short return track fromCooks Corner to Bryans Beach

No constructed tracks exist but walkers

occasionally continue on from Bryans Beachto Passage Beach and around the easternside of the peninsula to Slaughterhouse Bayand along to Gates Bluff.

There has been increasing use of what isunofficially referred to as the Hazardstraverse/ along the ridge lines of Mt Parsons,Mount Dove, Mt Amos and then exiting onthe Wineglass Bay lookout track, or

45


continuing up over Mt Mawson and out ontothe Isthmus Track. The route is used byprivate groups, school groups and at timestour operators. Serious problems are beingreported along this traverse. Toilet wastesand erosion are of concern. It will be

expensive to provide toilets and measures tocontrol the environmental impacts occurringare becoming necessary.

There are no established walking tracks onSchouten Island except for the track to thetop of Bear Hill. Other parts of the island arevisited only occasionally.

There are no walking tracks in the Wye RiverState Reserve.

Policies

. In all circumstances, pedestrians haveright of way over any motor vehicle,horse/ bicycle or other wheeled vehicle.

. In general, priority will be given todevelopment of short walks within orfrom the Visitor Services Zones, orwithin the Recreation Zone between

Coles Bay and Cape Tourville/ overupgrading of longer walks.

. Priority will be given to upgrading andmamtaining the Wineglass Bay track andthe Sleepy Bay track.

. The standard of construction and

maintenance of new or existing naturewalks and walking tracks in the ColesBay Visitor Services Zone will be "Walk'standard.

. Before construction of any new walkingtracks/ or re-routing of existing tracks/survey the proposed route for diseaserisk, habitat and species significance/ andheritage significance.

. Walking track development andmaintenance will accord with the

prescriptions of Section 5.5.

. Exact track locations and standards willbe determined, and construction

undertaken, using appropriateguidelines of the Walking TrackManagement Manual (Blamey/1987)and/or the Walking Track ManagementStrategy (Parks and Wildlife Service,

1998B) and according to any applicablesite plan.

. Where feasible, some disabled accesswill be provided in the Visitor ServicesZones.

. To retain its natural character and

protect wilderness values, new walkingtracks wiU not be constructed in theConservation Zone unless monitoring ofroutes indicates the need for minimal

surfacing and drainage forenvironmental protection purposes only.

. The impacts of walkers in the Park willbe monitored and use modified if theneed arises.

Actions

. Upgrade and maintain the entireWineglass Bay track at "Walk" standard.

. If necessary to cater for the number ofusers, redesign and reconstruct theWineglass Bay Lookout.

. Upgrade and maintam the entire SleepyBay track at "Walk" standard.

. Identify and develop additional shortwalks at "Walk" standard in the Coles

Bay Visitor Services Zone.

. Develop a walking track from the Parkentrance to the Wineglass Bay carpark/possibly in combination with a bicycletrack.

. With the cooperation of AMSA, developa lookout and short walk m the vicinityof Cape Toundlle.

. Except for the Wineglass Bay and SleepyBay tracks (see above)/ upgrade and/ormaintain existing tracks in the RecreationZone at "Track" standard. Give priorityto the Peninsula track in the vicinity ofMt Graham and down to Wineglass Bay.

. Reroute tracks or otherwise implementmeasures to protect threatened species atrisk from the siting or use of walkingtracks.

46

Freycinet 'National Park and Wye River State Reserve,Management Plan 2000

. Retain all existing tracks in theConservation Zone at their currentclassification.

. In consultation with users, developpracticable, but effective measures toprotect environmental values along theHazards traverse.

. Monitor use of the Hazards traverse and

modify or increase protective measuresas necessary.

. Investigate options for a walking tracklinking the Bicheno end of the Park withthe southern end.

. Seek an agreement to allow publicwalking access to Courland Bay Beachthrough private land.

. Maintain and clearly mark all designatedwalking tracks in Visitor Services Zonesand the Recreation Zone.

5.4.5 Bicycle Access

Vehicular tracks are used by cyclists,particularly by mountain bikes. Bikes aresometimes used illegally on walking tracks.

The use of bicycles, particularly mountainbikes/ is increasing. On suitable vehiculartracks, bicycle use can provide enjoyment forvisitors. Inappropriate use of bicycles cancause conflict with other users and impact onenvironmental. Aboriginal and historicheritage.

Policies

. In all circumstances, bicycle riders willbe required to give way to pedestriansand horses.

. Bicycles will only be allowed on publicroads and designated vehicular tracks.

. Bicycles will not be allowed anywhere inthe Park south of the Wineglass Baycarpark.

. Unless designated for both uses/ bicycleswill not be allowed on any walkingtrack.

. The impacts of bicycle use in the Parkwill be monitored and use modified ifthe need arises.

Actions

. As a priority/ develop a bicycle trackfrom the park entrance to the WineglassBay carpark.

. Provide bicycle racks, or similarparking/storage facilities, at theWtneglass Bay carpark

. Prepare, disseminate and enforce a codeof practice for use of bicycles in the Park.

5.4.6 Horse Access

Horse riding has occurred in the inland areassouth of Bicheno recently added to the Park.Use is intermittent and low in numbers.

Riding is done on existing fire trails andformer forestry roads. Horse riding hasnever been legal on the beaches of the Parkbut some illegal use has been reported.

Policies

. A person will require an authoritygranted by the managing authority tobring a horse or horses into the Park.Such an authority will be subject to thismanagement plan and any otherconditions required by the managingauthority.

. Horses will be allowed/ provided anauthority has been granted/ ondesignated fire trails in the RecreationZone within the area of the Park north of

Butlers Point added in 1999 (see Map 7for current trails). Withu-i this area,horse trails may be relocated if fire trailsare opened/ closed or relocated.

. Horses wiU not be authorised elsewherein the Park.

. Horses will not be authorised in the WyeRiver State Reserve.

. In all circumstances/ horse riders andhandlers will be required to give way topedestrians.

47

Freycinet National Park - Northern Part

Map 7 HORSE TRAILS


Recreation Zone

ma

Conservation Zone

. . . . . Designated Horse Trail(may be varied, see text)

-. -. - Trail for which anauthority to movestock may be issuedKn,.yoe,ssu^^

TASMAN

<Q^

s

\


The impacts of horse use in the Park willbe monitored and routes and usemodified if the need arises.

Actions

Prepare/ disseminate and apply a code ofpractice for the use of horses in the Park.

Before construction or re-routing of anyhorse tracks in the area of the Recreation

Zone designated for their use, survey theproposed route for traffic risks, diseaserisk/ habitat and species significance, andheritage significance.

Consistent with Section 6. 1, seek

assistance from horse riding groups toconstruct, maintain or upgradedesignated tracks.

5. 5 Developing Facilities andServices

Freycinet National Park is a valuabletourism, recreational and educationalresource which the Parks and Wildlife

Service has an mterest in developing further.It is the most popular State reserve on theeast coast of Tasmania. Good qualityfacilities and services, developed to a highstandard/ and which respect andcomplement the inherent values of the place,are needed to provide opportunities forvisitors to experience the Park. Wye RiverState Reserve has value as a low key visitordestination.

Because of their inherent values/ the Parkand Reserve do not need invented

attractions. Inappropriate developmentcould have a detrimental impact on thetourism and recreational character of the

Park and the Reserve, both in very obviousand immediate ways, and in more subtle,incremental ways.

In the case of Freycmet National Park, natureconservation and recreational use are the

two major values of the Park. Conservationof the Park's natural and heritage valueslargely depends on management of humanuse of the Park. Conversely, the recreationaland tourism values of the Park rely on

protection/ conservation and maintenance ofthe natural and heritage values.

Facilities and services currently providedinclude interpretation booths, signs, anoutdoor theatre used for interpretationprograms, carparks/ marked waUdng tracks,a nature trail/ vehicle-accessed campingareas and powered caravan sites atRichardson Beach, vehicle-accessed campingareas at Honeymoon Bay/ Isaacs Point, andWhitewater Wall, day use areas with electricbarbecues, fireplaces and picnic tables/toilets, water tanks, water taps, and a largepublic shelter at Ranger Creek. Thesefacilities are insufficient to service the largenumbers of day visitors to the Park.Facilities provided for campers/ especially inthe Coles Bay Visitor Services Zone are alsoinsufficient.

There is a network of walking tracks tn thePark. There are a number of camping areasfor walkers and boaters. Designated areasare located at Wineglass Bay, Hazards Beachand Cooks Beach, all of which have pittoilets. Designated camping areas withouttoilets include Bryans Comer and thewestern end of Crocketts Bay on SchoutenIsland.

Basic facilities for visitors who arrive by seaare limited, particularly on SchoutenIsland. There are few signs at popularanchorages informing visitors about use ofthe Park.

There are two accommodation facilities

located within the Park, Freycinet Lodge andthe youth hostel.

Coles Bay, the Park and Freycinet Lodgeobtain town water from the Council's weir

on an unnamed creek/ north of MosquitoCreek and the Park. The Council is alsolicensed to draw water from dams within the

Park at the Middleton Creek tin mines to topup the town water supply dam. The olddam near the Sleepy Bay Road provides firefighting back-up for Freycinet Lodge.

Sewage disposal is provided by the sewagelagoons located near the Park entrance.

There are presently no facilities for thedisabled, and no nature trails or high grade,short and easy interpretive walks. The steepwalk as far as the lookout over Wineglass

49


Bay is the nearest interpretive walk to thePark entrance. The northern end of

Wineglass Bay beach is popular for day use,but there is no toilet nearby.

Overall, the provision of facilities andservices for day visitors/ particularly in theColes Bay Visitor Services Zone where mostday visitors arrive, is poor. While the newEast Coast Interpretation Centre will provideadditional facilities and interpretation,improved walking, viewing andinterpretation opportunities are needed.

No visitor facilities are provided at WyeRiver State Reserve except for a lookout onthe Lake Leake road at Flat Rock Lookout.

Objectives - Developing Visitor Facilities &Services

. Provide opportunides for activities,relaxation, contemplation, enjoymentand educational experiences throughdirect contact or participatoryinvolvement with the values of the Parkand Reserve;

. Enrich visitor experiences of the Parkand Reserve;

. Encourage understanding of andsupport for national parks and Statereserves by highlighting and presentingtheir values;

. Safeguard the special tourism andrecreational character of the Park and theReserve;

. Minimise impacts on Park and Reservevalues;

. Promote sound/ sustainable,

environmental behaviour and practices;. Contribute directly to meeting the costs

of researching, protecting, and managingthe Park and Reserve; and

. Provide economic benefit to the

community.

While flexibility in response to visitor needs,budgetary circumstances and protection ofPark and Reserve values must be

maintained/ the general policies fordevelopment of visitor facilities and servicesare set out below.

Policies

. All tourism and recreational

development will conform with thismanagement plan/ site plans,

conservation plans, and the visitorstrategy prepared for the Park.

. All tourism and recreation will accord

with requirements and codes establishedby the Parks and Wildlife Service forsustainable environmental practices andbehaviour and protection of heritagevalues.

. Tourism and recreation facilities and

services will be provided principally inthe Visitor Services Zones.

. Priority will be given to developingvisitor facilities in Visitor Services Zonesbefore the Recreation Zone.

. The range of visitor facilities providedwiU complement rather than replicatethose which are or could be provided innearby areas.

. To ensure equity of access for visitors, amaximum 14 day occupancy time limitfor people and camping equipment willapply to all camp sites in the Park unlessotherwise authorised. The managingauthority may also designate intervalsbetween repeat visits.

. Proposals for licensed camps will beconsidered in accordance with this

management plan/ and provided thatlicence conditions are consistent for all

licensed camp licences issued within thesame zone.

. No permanent infrastructure for licensedcamps, such as huts, jetties, equipmentcaches or storage depots, will beallowed.

. Major new facilities in the VisitorServices Zones/ such as a visitor centre/

toilets and picnic facilities, will providefor people with disabilities.

5. 5. 1 Coles Bay Visitor Services Zone

While the exact provision and extent ofvisitor and management facilities dependson the preparation and implementation ofthe site plan for the Zone and on funding,the Zone is intended to serve as the principallocation for development of facilities forvisitors to the Park. A site plan for this Zonehas been prepared and is being

50


implemented. A key development to beunplemented as a result of the site plan is thenew East Coast Interpretation Centre.

Policies

. Overnight and day visitors will beprovided for in this Zone.

. Facilities may include builtaccommodation on existing leased orlicensed land/ camping, a licensed camp,visitor mformation and interpretationbuildings, picnic facilities/ nature trails,interpretive displays, toilets,management buildings and managementfacilities.

. Construction and maintenance in theZone will be sufficient to withstand the

impact of visitors.

. Potential uses of any historic feature willbe determined by preparation of aconservation plan (see Section 3.5.2).

. Camping will be allowed only mdesignated camping areas.

. A maximum of one licensed camp willbe allowed in this Zone.

. Visitors will be encouraged to take theirrubbish with them.

. Vehicular access and boat launching andstoring will be allowed in accordancewith Sections 5.4. 1 and 5.4.3.

. Priority will be given to developing andpublicising short walks and viewingspots additional to those alreadyavailable/ includmg access for peoplewith disabilities.

Actions

. Implement the site plan for the Zone.

. Encourage campers to bring fuel stoves.

. Provide electric barbeques for visitoruse.

. Investigate options for improving supplyof drinking water.

. Replace the existing public shelter and

improve day use facilities.

. Upgrade campground toilets.

. Improve the facilities provided forcamping/ includmg group camping.

5. 5.2 Isaacs Point Visitor Services Zone

This Zone is used regularly by surfers/campers/ fishers and day visitors. Siteplanning for this Zone has been undertakenand is being implemented.

Policies


. Facilities may include camping/ alicensed camp, picnic shelters andbarbeques, nature trails, interpretivedisplays, toilets/ and roof watercollection.

. Camping will be allowed only indesignated camping areas.


. Construction and maintenance will be

sufficient to withstand the impact of theanticipated number of visitors.

. Except for management purposes/ fireswill not be allowed in the Zone, whichwill be a fuel stove only area.

. Visitors will be encouraged to take theirrubbish with them.

Actions

. Complete and implement site planningfor the Zone.

5.5.3 Whitewater Wall Visitor ServicesZone

This Zone is a major destination site forclimbers. The cliffs of Whitewater Wall near

Bluestone Bay are regularly used for rockclimbing and abseiling for recreational andtraining purposes. Vehicle access is notsuitable for two wheel drive vehicles andthis limits visitor numbers and creates a

particular character.

51


Policies

. Types of recreational uses and levels ofuse will be limited to those which

minimise impacts on environmental andheritage features and values.


. Facilities may include camping, alicensed camp, walking tracks/interpretive displays/ toilets/ and roofwater collection.

. Campmg will be allowed only indesignated camping areas.


Except for management purposes/ fireswill not be allowed in the Zone, which

will be a fuel stove only area.

Visitors will be required to remove theirrubbish.

Actions

Complete implementation of the siteplanning for the Zone.

Monitor visitor impacts and if necessarymodify facilities/ services and uses.

Inform visitors of the drinking quality ofany water source provided.

Table 2 Summary of Permitted Facilities, Services, and Activities inFreycinet National Park and Wye River State Reserve byManagement Zone

e = existing, p = potential

Facility,Service or Use

Built accommodation

CampingPowered campsitesLicensed campBicyclesVehicles

Walking tracksToiletsShowersFires

Gas/electric barbequesSwimmingSea fishingPicnic facilities

Animals not native

HuntingHorse RidingInterpretive displaysDirection signsRubbish Collection

Management Zone

Coles Bayvsz

Yes (p)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (p)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e, p)Yes (e, p)Yes (p)Conditional (e)

Yes (p)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e, p)NoNoNoYes (e, p)Yes (e, p)Yes (e)

Isaacs Ft

vsz

NoYes (e)NoYes (p)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e, p)NoNoNoYes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e, p)NoNoNoYes (p)Yes (e, p)No

Whitewater

Wall VSZ

NoYes (e)NoYes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e)Yes (e/ p)Yes (e)NoNoNoYes (e)Yes (e)NoNoNoNoYes (p)Yes(e, p)No

Recreation

Zone

NoYes (e)NoYes (e, p)Conditional (p)Conditional (e)Conditional (e, p)Yes(e, p)NoNoNoYes (e)Yes (e)NoNoNoConditional (p)YesYes (e, p)No

Conservation

Zone

NoNoNoNoNoNoNo new tracksNoNoNoNoYes (e)Yes (e)NoNoNoNoNoNoNo

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5.5.4 Recreation Zone

The Zone includes the outstandingWineglass Bay and the scenic lookout on theHazards. These features have become

tourism icons of the Park. AlthoughWineglass Bay is heavily visited, retention ofits scenic qualities and apparently pristineand remote character is essential if its role asan icon is to be retained. Much of the

remainder of the Zone is essentially acorridor for recreational travel and access, or

for beach use. The parts of the Wye RiverState Reserve within this Zone are also

covered by Section 5.5.6

Policies

. Types of recreational uses and levels ofuse will be limited to those which

minimise impacts on environmental andheritage features and values.

. Facilities, depending on the location/may include camping areas, licensedcamps (see below), vehicle tracks forpublic and/or management purposes,horse and bike tracks on designatedroutes, signs, toilets, and roof watercollection.

. Activities in the Recreation Zone south of

Coles Bay will not be allowed if theyappreciably compromise the character ofnatural quiet and tranquillity in theConservation Zone.

. Track marking and upgrading willaccord with prescriptions set out inSections 4.5 and 5.4.4.

. Provided they are located not more than500 metres from any existing designatedpublic camping areas, licensed campsmay be allowed in this Zone at thefollowing locations only (see Section 7.2):

Moreys Bay (western end only);Cooks Corner;

Bryans Corner; andsouth end of Hazards Beach.

. A maximum of one licensed camp willbe allowed in each of the possiblelocations listed above.

. Camping will only be authorised incamping areas designated by themanaging authority.

. Except for management purposes/ fireswill not be allowed in the Zone, which


. Visitors will be required to remove theirrubbish.

Actions

. Develop a lookout with associatedinterpretation and parking near the topof the steep paved section of the CapeTourville road.

. With the agreement of AMSA/ develop alookout with associated interpretationand parking in the vicinity of the CapeTourville lighthouse.

. With the agreement of AMSA, develop ashort interpretive "Walk" standard trackof less that one hour duration in the

vicinity of the Cape Tourville lighthouse.

. Maintain and/ as necessary, upgradetracks to ensure protection of theenvironment and the reasonable safety ofusers.

. Clearly mark tracks.

. Monitor user impacts.

5. 5. 5 Conservation Zone

Policies

. Except for safety/ environmental orheritage protection/ water supply linksfrom the former tins mines to Coles Baywater supply, and fire management, newstructures or any other type ofdevelopment (including new tracks) willnot be aUowed.

. No visitor buildings or similar facilitieswill be provided.

. Activities will not be allowed which

compromise the character of wilderness,natural quiet/ tranquillity and sense ofsolitude in the Zone.

. Except for management purposes, fireswill not be allowed in the Zone, which


53


. Camping will not be allowed.

. Licensed camps will not be allowed.

Actions

. Monitor user impacts.

5.5. 6 Wye River State Reserve

Policies

. Except for camping and use of horseswhich will not be allowed, developmentin the Recreation Zone of the Wye RiverState Reserve will be limited to thatallowed for in the Recreation Zone setout in Section 5.5.4.

. Except for the provisions of theConservation Zone set out in Section

5.5.5, development proposals will not beconsidered for the Conservation Zone of

the Wye River State Reserve.

5. 5.7 Assessing Development Proposals

Refer also to Section 4.5 ManagingDevelopment.

Policies

. Proposals to develop tourism andrecreational opportunities, facilities, orservices in the Park or Reserve will be

considered if they:

accord with the management plan;base themselves on the features andvalues of the Park or Reserve;

ensure the viability, diversity/ andvalues of environmental features and

processes are not damaged;adopt environmentally sustainableoperating practices and useenvironmentally "best practice"goods and technologies;behave and operate in a mannercompatible with protection ofAboriginal and historic heritagefeatures and values;

explain the principles of minimalimpact on environmental andheritage values to clients;avoid impact on the legitimateenjoyment and experience by othersof the Park or Reserve features andvalues;

contribute to any external costs (forexample road or sewerageupgrading) resulting from theproposal; andare sustainably achievable within therealistic capacity of managementresources.

Tourism and recreation developmentproposals will conform with and supportrealisation of this management plan/ siteplans/ conservation plans, and the Parkvisitor strategy.

All proposals to develop tourism andrecreational opportunities in the Parkand Reserve will adopt environmental"best practice" methods for:

sewage treatment;stormwater management;water supply;energy generation and conservation;vehicle storage and maintenance;machinery installation andmaintenance;

fuel delivery and storage; andstorage and disposal of solid andliquid waste.

Depending on the proposal, additionalassessment guidelines and criteria maybe required.

Development will complement existingfacilities and services, foster visitor

appreciation and understanding of thePark or Reserve features and values/ and

provide efficient/ high quality service tothe public.

Any sale withm the Park of souvenirsand memorabilia will be focussed on

quality Tasmanian made merchandisedirectly related to the Park's features andvalues.

Tourism and recreation developmentproposals will provide a clearlydemonstrated benefit to the Tasmanian

community.

All development proposals requiring alicence or lease will submit a detailed

business and financial plan showmg atleast a three year projection ofoperations, demonstrating financial

54


viability while according with thismanagement plan.

Any publicly funded financial,infrastructure, managing authorityservices, or environmental resource

subsidy of a tourism or recreationproposal will be made explicit andpublic.

Tourism and recreation in the Park will

directly and identifiably make acontribution to research, conservation or

management of the Park.

Actions

Develop and disseminate assessmentguidelines and criteria for tourism andrecreation proposals, includingrequirements and codes of sustainableenvironmental practices and behaviour.

Develop programs and mechanisms fortourism and recreation development tocontribute to research, conservation andmanagement of the Park.

Ensure all applicable statutory approvalsand requirements are obtained and met.

55


6 Involving The Community

6. 1 Communi Su ort 6.2 Workin with Nei hbours

Community support for the Park andReserve is very important. A number ofcommunity groups and organisations makeregular use of the Park, as do local residents.There are also many individuals and familygroups from throughout Tasmania who visitthe Park. There are few visitors to the

Reserve.

Objectives - Community Support

. Develop community appreciation of andsupport for Park and Reserve values;

. Promote a positive image of the Park andReserve and their contribution to the

community; and. Encourage community involvement in

Park and Reserve management.

Policies

. Relevant people, communities andgroups will be consulted when theirinterests may be affected.

. Partnerships will be developed withcommunities and groups that wish to beinvolved in the management of the Parkand Reserve in accordance with this

management plan.

. Volunteers/ including school groups/ willbe encouraged when suitable, plannedand programmed works and adequatesupervision are available.

Actions

. Develop mechanisms and opportunitiesfor consulting with people interested inmanagement of the Park and Reserve.

. Encourage community mvolvementthrough the Wildcare structure.

The Park is fringed by marine waters,residential and rural private land, and Stateforest. Wye River State Reserve issurrounded by State forest and private land.Development along the Coles Bay Road andin other areas around the Park can have an

effect on the arrival experience of visitors.

Objectives - Working With Neighbours

. Take account of concerns of neighboursin managing the Park and Reserve;

. Encourage conservation and sound landmanagement practices on landsadjoining the Park and Reserve;

. Encourage conservation and soundmanagement of marine waters adjomingthe Park; and

. Enlist cooperation of neighbours inconserving Park and Reserve values.

Policies

. Neighbouring land owners and land andmarine managers will be consulted whentheir interests may be affected.

. Management agreements may bedeveloped with neighbours.

. Land and marine management practiceswhich require off-reserve or cross tenureimplementation to protect nahiral andcultural values will be developedcooperatively with neighbours.

Actions

. Regularly liaise and develop goodworking relations with localgovernment/ adjacent land owners/ andland and marine managers onmanagement issues and projects ofcommon interest.

. Support Council planning mechanismswhich protect or enhance the scenicquality of approaches to the Park.

56


7 Other Issues

7.1 Boundaries

The marine environment around FreycinetNational Park is a complementary andinterdependent part of the terrestrialenvironment of the Park. However, it is notincluded in the Park. A number of small

blocks of Crown land, completelysurrounded by the Park, have not beenincorporated into it.

Objectives - Boundaries

. Improve conservation of natural andcultural values; and

. Provide effective ecological andadministrative boundaries.

Actions

. Incorporate the 4.04 hectares of Crownland of the former quarry at ParsonsCove m the Park.

. Incorporate the Crown land parcelstraddling the former lower section ofthe Mt Amos track and associated

roadway easement m the Park.

. Incorporate the parcel of unallocatedCrown land and associated roadwayeasement below the Hazards m the Park.

. Clearly define the boundary between thePark and the Coles Bay township.

. Clearly define the boundary between thePark and The Fisheries.

7.2 Leases, Licences andAuthorities

Freycinet Lodge leases 4.53 hectares onRichardsons Beach in the Park. Under the

terms of the lease/ the permission of theDirector must be obtained to construct or

alter buildings or make any improvements.The leaseholder is also required to observe

regulations and to conserve flora and faunaof the Park.

The YHA holds a lease on 2. 02 hectares inthe Park.

AMSA holds two leases within the Park. A

lease of .0513 hectares incorporates thelighthouse and helipad at Chicken Point onSchouten Island and a lease of . 1618 hectares

incorporates the Cape Tourville lighthouse.

A large number of licensed tours operate inthe Park. These tour operators provideopportunities for visitors who may beinexperienced, inadequately equipped orprefer a more guided visit.

Objectives - Leases, Licences andAuthorities

. Provide a range of tourism andrecreational opportunities;

. Provide efficient high quality facilitiesand services to visitors;

. Manage and control uses and activitiesnot undertaken by the managingauthority;

. Contribute to recovery of costs arisingfrom leased/ licensed or authorised uses;and

. Ensure Park and Reserve values are

protected.

Policies

. All leases, licences and authorities willbe consistent with the management plan.

. Subject to the National Parks and WildlifeAct 1970 and this management plan,leases and licences to provide serviceswithin the Park or licences to provideservices within the Wye River StateReserve may be issued for tourism,recreation, or education purposes.

. Authorities to conduct infrequent,organised events or activities within thePark or Reserve/ of not more than oneweek duration, may be issued by theDirector. Where Section 25B of the

57


National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970applies, a business licence will berequired.

There will be no extension to the area of

land leased by Freycinet Lodge and nofurther cabin development beyond theexisting capacity.

The YHA hostel may remam in the Parkprovided it continues to operate as ayouth hostel, publicised and readilyaccessible for use by all members of theAustralian YHA and the affiliated world-wide Youth Hostels Associations.

The lease area of the YHA facility in thePark will be reduced from 2.02 hectares

to curtilage to allow fire managementwork and to define the limits of the

facility.

Expansion of the YHA hostel beyond itscurrent bed capacity or approximatebudget standard of accommodation, ortransfer of the leased area to a non

community based organisation, will notbe authorised.

Leases, licences and authorities may beissued for any Zone in the Park or, in thecase of Wye River State Reserve, licencesand authorities, provided that theyconform with the objectives andprescriptions for that Zone.

Consistent with Section 4.5 of this plan, asite plan may be required before lease/licence or authority proposals areconsidered.

Compliance with the terms andconditions of leases, licences andauthorities wiU be monitored and

reviewed prior to any renewal.

New private memorials orcommemorative plaques wiU not beauthorised in the Park.

Public memorials or commemorative

plaques may be authorised in the Park ifthey commemorate events or people ofthe area that are of regional, state,national or international significance andare approved by the Director.

With the approval of the Director,plaques acknowledging Park

infrastructure or services provided bybequests or commercial sponsorship maybe attached to the infrastructure and

include a company name and logo butno product advertising wiU beauthorised on such plaques.

7.3 Statute Powers

Surueyor-General

. In consultation with the Director, the

Surveyor General is authorised toexercise all statutory powers under theSurvey Co-ordination Act 1944 in relationto establishment of new or maintenance

of existing permanent survey markslocated in the Park or the Reserve

provided that:establishment of new permanentsurvey mark and associated beaconswill be subject to the specific writtenapproval of the Director;establishment, maintenance, removaland access for surveying andmaintenance purposes will accordwith this management plan/including the access requirements ofZones.

Marine and Safety Tasmania

Marine and Safety Tasmania maintain anavigation light on the peninsula atWeatherhead Point.

. Marine and Safety Tasmania isauthorised to exercise its powers relatingto navigational aids under the Marine andSafety Authority Act 1997 provided thatwhere access is other than by sea/ or anyalterations to existing structures orprovision of new structures are mvolved,such access or work has the written

approval of the Director.

Australian Maritime Safety Authority

The Australian Maritime Safety Authority(AMSA) matntam the navigational lights atCape Tourville and Chicken Point (SchoutenIsland) on leased land.

. AMSA is authorised to exercise its

58


powers under the Australian MaritimeSafety Authority Act 1990 relating toestablishment, operation andmaintenance of aids to marine

navigation at Cape Tourville andChicken Point (Schouten Island) inaccordance with its lease provisions.

AMSA is authorised to exercise its

powers relating to aids to marinenavigation under the Australian MaritimeSafety Authority Act 1990 provided thatwhere any works on adjoining land areproposed, or where it is proposed toinstall any new navigational aid or createany new structures outside of its existingleased areas, such works are consistent

with this management plan and have thewritten approval of the Director.

7.4 Research and Monitorin

Research and monitoring assistsunderstanding and conservation of thevalues of the Park and Reserve and

contributes to effective management.

Objectives - Research and Monitoring

. Improve the inventory andunderstanding of environmental andheritage features and processes;

. Use the Park or Reserve, or parts ofthem, as scientific reference areas;

. Improve knowledge and understandingof visitor behaviour;

. Assess impacts/ including long termcumulative changes associated withdevelopment or use of the Park orReserve;

. Achieve the management objectives forthe Park or Reserve; and

. Assist, assess and improve managementof the Park or Reserve.

Policies

. All research and monitoring proposed mthis management plan will depend onavailability of funding and othernecessary resources.

. Research and monitoring programs willaccord with this management plan andpolicies and procedures approved by the

managing authority.

. All research or monitoring which mayhave an impact on the Park or Reservewill require written approval of detailedstudy proposals and methods beforework begins.

. Researchers will submit to the managingauthority not less than three copies of allwork produced during the period of theresearch. The managing authority willdetermme requirements for the form ofsubmission, its timing/ confidentiality,and any other matters.

. Authorities for the collection of researchmaterial within the Park or Reserve will

not be issued where the managingauthority determines that it is possibleand appropriate to collect the materialoutside them.

. Only research that does not have longterm adverse effects on the

environmental, heritage/ or aestheticvalues of the Park or Reserve will beauthorised.

. The approval of the TasmanianAboriginal community will be obtainedfor any research involving Aboriginalheritage.

. Research will be encouraged whichimproves the inventory andunderstanding of, or assists managementof:

the environmental features and

processes of the Park or Reserve;Aboriginal and historic heritage andarchaeological features of the Park orReserve;visitors, including numbers,characteristics/ behaviour, needs andexpectations.

. Use and development practices will bemonitored for their effects on Park or

Reserve values/ and where necessary/modified.

. Any cumulative changes in Park orReserve values will be documented at

regular intervals.

. The efficacy of management practicesand the effects of management actions on

59


Park or Reserve values will be monitored

and evaluated, and where necessary,modified. As a minimum/ baseevaluation on the performance indicatorsset out m Appendix 4 .

Relevant/ additional monitoring andevaluation procedures developed duringthe period of the plan may be appliedwhen evaluating management of thePark and Reserve.

7.5 Administration

Administratively, the Park and Reserve arepart of the North Eastern District of theParks and Wildlife Service, managed by aDistrict Manager. Rangers are directlyresponsible for day to day management of it.Work also is done by contractors andtemporary staff.

Objectives - Administration

. Coordinate and integrate managementand implementation of the managementplan;

. Ensure management responsibilities areefficiently and effectively carried out;

. Ensure public safety and promptresponse in emergencies; and

. Enforce the management plan andrelevant Acts and Regulations.

7. 5.1 Implementation

Policies

. The prescriptions of this plan will besubject to the provision of binding andother resources sufficient to meet them,

and may be prioritised by the Director ofNational Parks and Wildlife at the

Director's discretion according toresource availability.

. To coordinate effective implementationof this management plan, a rollingimplementation program of at least threeyears duration, and linked to serviceagreements and other relevantoperational plans, will be developed.

. The implementation program willidentify:

all development and other worksplanned,scientific studies required/those responsible for each stage ofimplementation,the anticipated costs,the staff requirements/ andongoing maintenance and monitoringrequirements.

. The implementation program willconform with the management plan andother plans such as site plans,conservation plans/ and theinterpretation plan.

Actions

. Train staff to understand and implementthe management plan.

. Review the implementation of themanagement plan annually and revisethe implementation program ifnecessary. Base any revision on analysisof past progress and incorporate newlyidentified requirements. Add a furtheryear's program at each annual review.

. AnnuaUy evaluate the outcomes ofmanagement against the objectives of themanagement plan.

. Take into account any findings andrecommendations from research,

monitoring and evaluation of thecondition and management of the Parkand Reserve.

7.5.2 Search and Rescue, First-Aid

Tasmania Police and the State EmergencyService have primary responsibility for aUsearch and rescue within the Park andReserve. The management staff at the Parkreceive many requests for first aid fromvisitors each year, and are involved inseveral search and rescue operations eachyear.

Policies

. Resources for the Park and Reserve willbe maintained at a level sufficient to

provide a reasonable response toemergency situations.

60


Actions

. Cooperate with Tasmania Police andState Emergency Services in search andrescue operations.

. Maintain a reasonable store of first-aid

supplies.

. Educate and encourage visitors to adoptsafe practices and provide them withsufficient information about potentialhazards to enable them to make

responsible decisions.

. Establish a risk management system thatprovides for regular identification,inspection, reporting and amelioration ofexisting and potential risks to public andstaff safety.

7.5.3 Enforcement

Policies

. Within the Park and Reserve, authorisedstaff of the Parks and Wildlife Service/

and Tasmania Police, will be responsiblefor enforcing the provisions of theNational Parks and Wildlife Act 1970, theAboriginal Relics Act 1975, WhalesProtection Act 1988, Threatened SpeciesProtection Act 1995, the National Parks andReserved Land Regulations 1999, theWildlife Regulations 1999, the AboriginalRelics Regulations 1978, and any otherActs for which staff may be authorised.

. The Director of National Parks and

Wildlife has delegated powers to enforceprovisions of the Commonwealth ofAustralia Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976.

. Staff may be authorised to enforceprovisions of the Marine and SafetyAuthority Act 1997 and associated by-laws.

. Other law enforcement will be the

responsibility of Tasmania Police.

61


Glossary and Abbreviations

Biodiversity (biological diversity) means the variety of life forms: the different plants, animalsand micro-orgardsms, the genes they contain, and the ecosystems they form. It is usuallyconsidered at four levels: genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and communitydiversity.

Conservation means all the processes and actions of looking after a place so as to retain itssignificance, always including protection, maintenance and monitoring.

Earth processes means the interactions/ changes and evolutionary development of geodiversityover tune.

Fire break means any natural or constructed discontinuity in a fuel bed used to segregate, stop,and control the spread of a wildfire, or to provide a firelme from which to suppress a fire.

Fire trail means a formed track which provides access for fire fighting vehicles and is built tospecific standards.

Geoconservation means the conservation of geodiversity.

Geodiversity means the range or diversity of geological (bedrock)/ geomorphological (landform)and soil features, assemblages/ systems and processes which exist naturally.

Indigenous species means a species that occurs at a place within its historically known nahiralrange and that forms part of the natural biodiversity of a place.

Introduced species means a translocated or alien species occurring at a place outside itshistorically known natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by humanactivities.

Licensed camp means a camping accommodation area licensed by the managing authority forexclusive use as part of a licensed visitor facility and/or service where any structures, equipmentcaches and the like associated with the operation, irrespective of the materials used in thestructures:

(a) are left on a site or sites for more than 14 days at a time; and(b) are temporary on a site or sites, being completely removed for long enough for some

recovery of the site/s to take place/ and m all cases for a total of at least 12 consecutiveweeks of any calendar year.

If any structures, equipment caches and the like associated with the operation of any licensedfacility and/or service providing accommodation are not removed from a site or sites inaccordance with (b) above, they will be considered buildings for accommodation purposes andwill accord with the provision of this management plan for such buildings.

Local provenance means indigenous plant species growing in, or within five kilometres of theboundaries of/ Freycinet National Park or Wye River State Reserve (as the case may be) or seedsor other propagation material collected from such plants.

Natural integrity means the degree to which a natural system retams its condition and naturalrate of change in terms of size, biodiversity, geodiversity and habitat.

Natural landscape means large/ relatively undisturbed area with topographic and catchmentintegrity where natural processes continue largely umnodified by human intervention.

Natural quiet means the natural ambient sound conditions, or the sounds of nature, and includes

62


the sounds made by water, weather, and indigenous plants and animals.

Protection means taking care of a place by maintenance and by managing impacts to ensure thatsignificance is retained.

Threatened species means a species listed m the Schedules of the Threatened Species Protection Act1995.

Note: Refer to The Burra Charter (Australia ICOMDS Inc, 1999) and The Conservation Plan (Kerr/1996) for definitions of historic heritage and cultural landscape terms.

AMSA Australian Maritime Safety AuthorityCAR Comprehensive/ Adequate and RepresentativeIUCN International Union for the Conservation of NatureICOMOS International Council on Monuments and SitesYHA Youth Hostel Association of Tasmania

63


References

AUSTRALIA ICOMOS INC/1999; The Burra Charter (The Australia ICOMOS Charter forPlaces of Cultural Significance); Australia ICOMOS Inc, Sydney.

BACON, C. A. / & CORBETT, K.D-, 1984; The Schouten Island coalfield; Unpublished report1984/37, Department of Mines, Tasmania.

BLAMEY/ N./1987; Walking track management manual: A guide to the construction,restoration and maintenance of walking tracks; Department of Lands, Parks and Wildlife,Tasmania and Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service/ Australian Capital Territory

BRADBURY, ]., 1993; A preliminary geoheritage inventory of the Eastern Tasmania terrane;Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania.

BRIGGS, J.D., & LEIGH, J.H., 1988; Rare or threatened Australian plants; Special Publication 14;Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra.

BROWN, S./1986; Aboriginal Archaeological Resources in South East Tasmania; OccasionalPaper No. 12, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart.

BROWN, S., 1991; Aboriginal Archaeological Sites in Eastern Tasmania; Occasional Paper No31, Department of Parks, Wildlife and Heritage/ Tasmania.

BRYANT, S. L. & JACKSON/ J, 1999; Tasmania's Threatened Fauna Handbook: What, Whereand How to Protect Tasmania's Threatened Animals; Threatened Species Unit, Parks andWildlife Service, Hobart.

BUCHANAN, A. M. (Ed), 3rd Edition 1999; A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania andIndex to The Students Flora of Tasmania; Tasmanian Herbarium Occasional PublicationNo 6

CHRISTIDIS, L., & BOLES, W. E., 1994; The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and itsTerritories, Royal Australasian Omithologists Union Monograph 2; RAOU, Melbourne.

COMMONWEALTH DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM, 1994; National Ecotourism Strategy;Australian Government Publishing Service/ Canberra.

DAVIES/ ]., 1988; Land Systems of Tasmania: Region 6, South, East and Midlands - A ResourceClassification Survey; Department of Agriculture, Tasmania.

E VANS/ K., 1993; Shore Based Whaling in Tasmania Historical Research Project Volume 2: SiteHistories; Report for the Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania.

FORESTRY TASMANIA/ DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND LAND MANAGEMENT/ &TASMANIA FIRE SERVICE, 1998; Inter-Agency Fire Management Protocol 1998;unpublished inter-agency agreement, Hobart.

HARRIS/ S., 1991; A summary of the flora conservation values and their management in FreycmetNational Park; unpublished report. Department of Parks/ Wildlife and Heritage, Tasmania.

HOCKING, G.J./1980; The occurrence of the New Holland mouse (Pseudomys nouaehollandiaeWaterhouse) in Tasmania; Australian Wildlife Research 7:71-77.

INSPIRING PLACES PTY LTD, 2000; Freycinet National Park Visitor Services Zone Site

64


Development Plan; a report for Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of PrimaryIndustries, Water and Environment, Hobart.

JACKSON, J. & HARVEY/ A., 2000; Freycinet National Park Freshwater Fish Surveys 29 February2000; unpublished report to the Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of PrimaryIndustries, Water and Environment, Hobart.

KERR, J. S./1996; The Conservation Plan: A Guide to the Preparation of Conservation Plans forPlaces of European Cultural Significance; fourth edition. National Trust (NSW), Sydney

KOSTOGLOU/ P., 1995; Shore Based Whaling in Tasmania Archaeological Research ProjectVolume II: Results of Fieldwork; Report for the Parks and Wildlife Service/ Tasmania

LAZENBY, B./1999; Vegetation associations and spatial relations in the New Holland MousePseudomys novaehollandiae (Rodentia: Muridae) m Tasmania; unpublished Honours thesis,Zoology Department/ University of Tasmania.

MACFIE/ P., 1991; Schouten Island, An Historical Survey 1800-1967; unpublished report for theDepartment of Parks, Wildlife and Heritage, Hobart.

McGOWAN, A., 1984; A historical archaeological survey of mainland Freycinet National Park;unpublished report. National Parks and Wildlife Service/ Tasmania.

PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, 1995; Fire Management Plan Freycinet National Park andadjacent Crown Land Areas; Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment andLand Management, Tasmania.

PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, 1998A; Introduced Plants Policy; unpublished report for theDepartment of Environment and Land Management.

PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE/ 1998B; Walking Track Management Strategy for theTasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Volume 1 Main Report January 1994; Parksand Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Land Management, Tasmania.

PARKS AND WILDLIFE SERVICE/ in prep; Statewide Visitor Strategy; Parks and WildlifeService, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Tasmania.

ROSE/ R., 1998; Vertebrate Survey/ Crown Land, Coles Bay Road; unpublished report to theTasmanian Parks and WUdlife Service, Hobart.

SMITH, B.J., & KERSHAW, R.C, 1981; Tasmanian land and freshwater molluscs; Fauna ofTasmania Handbook No. 5; University of Tasmania, Hobart.

SNELGROVE, C./ & NOBLE, B., 1991; Freycinet Chateau Aboriginal investigation: results ofimpact mitigation work; unpublished report prepared for Department of Parks, Wildlife andHeritage, Tasmania.

STANTON, S., 1998; East Coast Interpretation Centre / Friendly Beaches Campsites - AboriginalHeritage Assessment; unpublished report for Austral Archaeology and the TasmanianAboriginal Land Council/ Hobart/ Tasmania.

TASMANIAN PUBLIC LAND USE COMMISSION/ 1996; Tasmania-Commonwealth RegionalForest Agreement Environment and Heritage Report Vol II Background Report Part C;Tasmanian Public Land Use Commission in conjunction with Commonwealth ForestsTaskforce/ Hobart.

TASMANIAN PUBLIC LAND USE COMMISSION/ 1997; Tasmania-Commonwealth RegionalForest Agreement National Estate Report Background Report Part H; Tasmanian Public

65


Land Use Commission in conjunction with Commonwealth Forests Taskforce, Hobart.

TOURISM, SPORT & RECREATION, DEFT OF/1990; The Implications of the Emerging Marketfor Tasmanian Tourism; Department of Tourism/ Sport and Recreation, Hobart.

TOURISM, SPORT & RECREATION, DEPT OF, 1994; Ecotourism: Adding value to tourism innatural areas; A discussion paper on nahire based tourism/ Department of Tourism, Sportand Recreation/ Hobart.

TOURISM TASMANIA, 1999; Tasmanian Visitor Survey, 1998; Tourism Tasmania, Hobart.

66


A endix 1

Flora of Freycinet National Park

e

1

T

endemic to Tasmaniaintroduced to Tasmania

Listed in the Schedules of the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995

GYMNOSPERMAE

CUPRESSACEAECallitris rhomboidea

PINACEAEPinus radiata

DICOTYLEDONAE

Oyster Bay Pine

Radiata pine

AIZOACEAECarpobrotus rossiiDisphyma crassifoliumTetragonia implexicoma

AMARANTHACEAEHemichroa pentandra

APIACEAEApium prostratumCentella cordifoliaDaucus glochidiatusEryngium vesiculosumHydrocotyle hirtaHydrocotyle muscosaHydrocotyle pterocarpaHydrocotyle sibthorpioidesLilaeopsis polyanthaTrachymene anisocarpaXanthosia dissecta

Xanthosia pilosaXanthosia pusillaXanthosia tridentata

APOCYNACEAEAlyxia buxifolia

ASTERACEAEActiles megalocarpaApalochlamys spectabilisArgentipallium dealbatumBedfordia salicinaBrachyscome aculeataBrachyscome cardiocarpaBrachyscome decipiensBrachyscome sieberi var. gunnii

Native PigfaceRound-leaved PigfaceIce-plant

Trailing Hemichroa

Sea ParsleyCentellaAustralian CarrotProstrate Blue Devil; Prick Foot

Hairy PennywortMossy PennywortWing PennywortEntire-leaf PennywortAustralian LilaeopsisParsnip TrachymeneCut-leaf Xanthosia

Woolly XanthosiaSmall XanthosiaHill Xanthosia

Sea-box

Coastal Sow-ThistleNative Tobacco

White EverlastingTasmanian Blanket Leaf

Hill or Coarse DaisySwamp DaisyField DaisySieber's Daisy

67

Freycinet National Park and Wye River Slate Reserve,Management Plan 2000

Bracteantha subundulata

Carduus tenuiflorusCassinia aculeata

Chrysocephalum apiculatumChrysocephalum semipapposumCotula coronopifoliaCraspedia glaucaEuchiton involucratus

Gamochaeta purpureaHelichrysum scorpioidesHypochoeris radicataLagenifera huegeliiLagenifera stipitataLeontodon taraxacoides

Leptinella longipesLeptinella reptansLeptorhynchos linearisLeptorhynchos squamatusLeucophyta browniiM. icroseris lanceolata

Odixia angustaOlearia argophyllaOlearia ciliataOlearia ericoidesOlearia erubescensOlearia lirata

Olearia myrsinoidesOlearia ramulosaOlearia viscosaOzothamnus costatifru ctus

Ozothamnus ericifoliusOzothamnus ferrugineusOzothamnus obcordatusOzothamnus reticulatus

Ozothamnus scutellifoUusPicris angustifoliaPseudognaphalium luteo-albumSenecio biserratus

Senecio hispidulusSenecio lautus

Senecio ImearifoliusSenecio minimus

Senecio cjuadridentatusSolenogyne dominiiSonchus asperSonchus oleraceus

Taraxacum officinaleVellereophyton dealbatum

BORAGINACEAECynoglossum australeCynoglossum latifoliumCynoglossum suaveolensMyosotis australis

BRASSICACEAECakile edentula.Cakile maritima

Orange EverlastingWinged Slender ThistleDolly BushCommon Everlasting; Yellow ButtonsClustered EverlastingWater-buttons

Common Billy-buttonsStar Cudweed

Purple CudweedCurling EverlastingFlat-weed; Cat's ear

Coarse Bottle DaisyBlue Bottle DaisyHairy HawkbitLong CotulaCreeping CotulaShtny ButtonsScaly ButtonsCushion BushNative DandelionThin IxodiaMusk

Fringed Daisy BushHeathy Daisy BushDaisy BushDusty Daisy BushSilky Daisy BushTwiggy Daisy BushViscid Daisy BushRibseed EverlastingHeathy EverlastingTree EverlastingGrey EverlastingReticulate EverlastingScale-leaf EverlastingHawkweed Ox-tongueJersey CudweedGroundselHill FireweedVariable GroundselFireweed; Fireweed GroundselFireweed

Cotton FireweedFlat-herb; Flatweed

Prickly Sow-thistleSow-thistleCommon dandelion

Hound's Tongue; Forget-me-notForest Hound's TongueSweet Hound's TongueAustral Forget-me-not

American Sea-rocketSea-rocket

T

T

68

Cardamine paucijugaLepidium desvauxiiLepidium foliosumLepidium pseudotasmanicum

CAMPANULACEAELobelia alata

Lobelia gibbosaLobelia pratioidesLobelia rhombifoliaPratia irriguaWahlenbergia gracilentaWahlenbergia gracilisWahlenbergia gymnocladaWahlenbergia multicaulisWahlenbergia stricta


Twisted Bittercress

Bushy PeppercressLeafy PeppercressPeppercress

Angled LobeliaTall LobeliaPoison LobeliaBranched LobeliaSalt PratiaAnnual BluebellAustralian BluebellNaked Bluebell

Tadgells BluebellErect or Tall Bluebell

CARYOPHYLLACEAEColobanthus apetalus var. apetalusGypsophila tubulosaSagina. apetalaScleranthus biflorusSpergularia mediaStellaria flaccidaStellaria media

Stellaria pungens

CASUARINACEAEAllocasuarina littoralis

Allocasuarina moniliferaAllocasuarina paludosaAllocasuarina verticillata

CHENOPODIACEAEAtriplex billardiereiAtriplex prostrataChenopodium glaucumRhagodia candolleanaSarcocornia blackiana

Sarcocornia cfwncfueflora

CLUSIACEAEHypericum gramineum

CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus erubescens

Dichondra repensWilsonia backhousei

CRASSULACEAECrassula helmsii

Crassula sieberiana

CUNONIACEAEBauera rubioides

T

T

Coast ColobanthAnnual ChalkwortAnnual Pearl-wort

Knawel; Twm-flower KnawelCoastal Sand-spurryForest StarwortChickweed

Prickly Starwort

BulloakNecklace SheoakScrub Sheoak

Drooping Sheoak

Glistening SaltbushMat Saltbush

Coastal Saltbush

Marsh SamphireBeaded Glasswort; Samphu-e

Small St. Johns Wort

Australian or Blushing BmdweedKidney-weedNarrow-leaf Wilsonia

Swamp StonecropAustralian Stonecrop

Bauera; Wiry Bauera

T

1

69

DILLENIACEAEHibbertia acicularis

Hibbertia empetrifoliaHibbertia hirsuta

Hibbertia procumbensHibbertia prostrataHibbertia ripariaHibbertia sericea

DROSERACEAEDrosera binata

Drosera macrantha

Drosera peltataDrosera pygmaeaDrosera spatulata

EPACRIDACEAEAcrotriche serrulata

Astroloma hiimifusumAstroloma pinifoliumBrachyloma ciliatumBrachyloma depressumCyathodes divaricataEpacris barbataEpacris gunniiEpacris impressaEpacris lanuginosaEpacris myrtifoliaEpacris oblusifoliaEpacris tasmanicaLeucopogon australisLeucopogon collinusLeucopogon ericoidesLeucopogon paruiflorusLeucopogon virgatusLissanthe strigosaMonotoca ellipticaMonotoca glaucaMonotoca scopariaMonotoca submuticaPentachondra involucrata

Sprengelia incarnataStyphelia adscendens

ERICACEAEGaultheria hispida

EUPHORBIACEAEAmperea xiphocladaBeyeria viscosaEuphorbia lathyrusEuphorbia paraliasPhyllanthus australisPhyllanthus gunniiPoranthera microphyllaPseudanthus ovalifoliusRicinocarpos pinifolius


Prickly Guinea-flowerScrambling Guinea-flowerHairy Guinea-flowerSpreading Guinea-flowerProstrate Guinea-flowerErect Gumea-flower

Silky Gutnea-flower

Forked Sundew

Climbing SundewPale SundewDwarf Sundew

Rosy Sundew

Ant's DelightNative CranberrySoft Cranberry HeathCiliate BrachylomaSpreading Brachyloma TDivaricate Cheeseberry eBearded Heath e, TGunn's HeathCommon Heath

Swamp Heath; Woolly-style HeathThick-leaf coastal Heath eBlunt-leafed HeathTasman Heath e

Spike Beard-heathWhite Beard-heathPink Beard-heathCurrant Bush; Coast Beard-heathCommon Beard-heath

Peach Berry; Peach HeathTree Broom-heath

Golden Wood

Prickly Broom-heathRound-leaf Monotoca eSouthern endemic Pentachondra e

Pink Swamp HeathGolden Heath

Snow Berry

Broom SpurgePinkwood

Caper Spurge iSea-spurge iAustral SpurgeShrubby SpurgeSmall PorantheraOval-leaved Pseudanthus

Wedding bush

70


FABACEAEAlmaleea subumbellataAotus ericoidesBossiaea cinerea

Bossiaea prostrataDaviesia ulicifoliaDillwynia cinerascensDillwynia glaberrimaDillwynia sericeaGlycine clandestinaGompholobium huegeliiGoodia lotifolia var. lotifoliaHouea Unearis

Indigofera australisKennedia prostrataKennedia rubicundaMelilotus indicus

Oxylobium ellipticumPhyllota diffusaPla tylobium formosumPlatylobium obtusangulumPlatylobium triangularePultenaea daphnoides var. obcordataPultenaea dentata

Pultenaea gunniiPuUenaea juniperinaPultenaea pedunculataPultenaea stricta

Pultenaea tenuifoliaSphaerolobium minusTrifolium glomeratumUlex europaeusVicia sativa

Vicia tetrasperma

GENTIANACEAECentaurium erythraeaCentaurium spicatumSebaea albidifloraSebaea ovata

GERANIACEAEGeranium potentilloidesGeranium solanderi

Pelargonium australePelargonium inodorum

GOODENIACEAEDampiera strictaGoodenia humilisGoodenia lanataGoodenia ovataScaevola hookeriSelliera radicans

GYROSTEMONACEAEGyrostemon thesioides

Wiry Bush-peaGolden Pea; Common Aohis

Showy BossiaeaCreeping BossiaeaNative Gorse

Grey Parrot PeaSmooth Parrot Pea

Showy Parrot PeaTwining GlycineBladder-pea; Pale Wedge-pea; KarellaClovertree; Golden tipCommon Hovea

Native IndigoRunning Postman

Melilot

Golden RosemaryTasman PhyllotaHandsome Flat-peaCommon Flat-peaIvy Flat-peaNative DaphneButton Pea

Golden Bush-peaPrickly BeautyMatted Bush-peaRigid Bush-peaSlender Bush-peaGlobe PeaClustered CloverGorseVetchFour-seeded Slender Vetch

Common CentauryAustralian CentauryWhite Sebaea

Yellow Centaury

Mountain GeraniumNative Geranium; Austral CranesbiUWild Geranium

Kopata

Blue DampieraSwamp GoodeniaNative Primrose

Parrot's Food

Creeping Fan-flowerSwamp-weed

Didymotheca

1

T

71


HALORAGACEAEGonocarpus humilisGonocarpus tetragynusGonocarpus teucrioides

Low RaspwortCommon RaspwortRaspwort

Myriophyllum pedunculatum var. longibracteolatum

Myriophyllum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum

LAMIACEAEAjuga australisM.entha diemenicaProstanthera lasianthos

Prunella uulgarisWestringia angustifoliaWestringia brevifoliaWestringia brevifolia var. raleighiiWestringia rigida

LAURACEAECassytha glabellaCassytha melanthaCassytha pubescens

LENTIBULARIACEAEUtricularia dichotoma

Utricularia lateriflora

LINACEAELinum marginale

LOGANIACEAEMitrasacme pilosaM.itrasacme pilosa var stuartii

MALVACEAELawrencia spicataMalva paruiflora

MENYANTHACEAEVillarsia reniformis

MIMOSACEAEAcacia dealbata

Acacia genistifoliaAcacia gunniiAcacia meamsii

Acacia melanoxylonAcacia mucronata

Acacia mucronata var. longifoliaAcacia myrtifoliaAcacia sophoraeAcacia stricta

Acacia suaveolens

Acacia terminalis

Acacia ulicifoliaAcacia verticillata

Acacia verticillata var. ovoideaAcacia verticillata var. verticillata

Mat Water-milfoilMat Water-milfoil

Austral BugleSlender MintChristmas Bush

Self-healScabrous WestrtngiaNative RosemaryNative RosemaryStiff Western Rosemary

Slender or Tangled Dodder-laurelLarge Dodder-laurelHairy Dodder-laurel

Bladderwort; Fairies' ApronsTiny Bladderwort

Wild or Native Flax

Hairy MitrewortStuart's Hairy Mitrewort

Salt Lawrencia

Small-flower Mallow

Yellow or Running Marsh-flower

Silver Wattle

Spreading or Early WattlePloughshare WattleBlack WattleBlackwoodVariable Sallow WattleVariable Sallow Wattle

Myrtle WattleCoast Wattle; False Boobialla

Hop WattleSweet WattleSunshine Wattle

Juniper WattlePrickly MosesPrickly Mimosa; Echidna WattlePrickly Mimosa; Echidna Wattle

1

e/Te

e/T

72


MONIMIACEAEAtherosperma moschatum

MYOPORACEAEMyoporum insulare

MYRTACEAEBaeckea ramosissima

Callistemon pallidusCallistemon viridiflorusCalytrix tetragonaEucalyptus amygdalinaEucalyptus delegatensisEucalyptus globulusEucalyptus oblicjuaEucalyptus ovataEucalyptus pulchellaEucalyptus sieberiEucalyptus tenuiramisKunzea ambiguaLeptospermum glaucescensLeptospermum grandiflorumLeptospermum lanigerumLeptospermum scopariumLeptospermum scoparium var. scopariumMelaleuca ericifoliaMelaleuca gibbosaMelaleuca pustulataM-elaleuca scjuameaMelaleuca squarrosaThryptomene micrantha

OLEACEAENotelaea ligustrina

ONAGRACEAEEpilobium curtisiae

OXALIDACEAEOxalis corniculata

Oxalis perennans

PITTOSPORACEAEBillardiera longifloraBillardiera scandens

Bursaria spinosaPittosporum bicolorRhytidosporum procumbens

PLANTAGINACEAEPlantago coronopusPlantago debilisPlantago lanceolataPlantago varia

Sassafras

Boobialla

Baeckea; Rosy Heath-myrtleLemon Bottlebrush

Prickly Bottlebrush eFrmge-myrtleBlack Peppermint eWhite-topped Stringy BarkTasmanian Blue Gum

Brown-top or Messmate StrmgybarkSwamp/ Black or Marrawah GumWhite Peppermmt eTasmanian Ironbark

Silver Peppermint eWhite Kunzea

Semi-glaucous Tea-tree eGrand Tea-tree e

Woolly Tea-treeLarge ManukaManuka

Swamp PaperbarkSmall-leaved Melaleuca

Cranbrook Paperbark e, TSwamp MelaleucaScented PaperbarkHeath Myrtle; Ribbed Thryptomene T

Native Olive

Bald-seeded Willowherb

Yellow Wood Sorrel

Native Oxalis

Climbing BlueberryApple-berryPrickly BoxCheesewood

Mary's Flower

Buck's-horn Plantam iShade Plantain TRibwort iVariable Plantain

73


POLYGALACEAEComesperma calymegaComesperma ericinumComesperma retusumComesperma volubile

POLYGONACEAEMuehlenbeckia adpressaRumex brownii

PRIMULACEAESamolus repens

PROTEACEAEBanksia marginataConospermum hookeriHakea epiglottisHakea lissospermaHakea megadeniaHakea nodosa

Hakea teretifoliaLomatia tinctoria

Persoonia juniperinaPersoonia juniperina var. mollisPersoonia juniperina var. ulicina

RANUNCULACEAEClematis aristata

Clematis gentianoides

RHAMNACEAECryptandm exilisPomaderris apetalaPomaderris ellipticaPomaderris piliferaSpyridium eriocephalumSpyridium obovatumSpyridium obovatum var. velutinumSpyridium vexilliferumStenanthemum pimeleoides

ROSACEAEAcaena echinata

Acaena nouae-zelandiaeAcaena ovina var. velutina

Rubus parvifolius

RUBIACEAEGalium australe

Galium gaudichaudiiOpercularia ovataOpercularia varia

RUTACEAEBoronia anemonifoliaBoronia citriodoraBoronia nana

Boronia paruiflora

Spike or Blue-spike MilkwortHeathy MilkwortPurple or Mountain MilkwortBlue Love Creeper

Climbing LignumSwamp or Slender Dock

Creeping Brookweed

Silver BanksiaVariable Smoke-bush e, TBeaked Hakea eNeedle Bush; Mountain NeedlewoodLesser Beaked Hakea e, TYellow Hakea

Dagger HakeaGuitar Plant e

Prickly GeebungPrickly Geebung ePrickly Geebung e

Australian ClematisRock Clematis

Coastal Cryptandra eDogwoodYellow DogwoodHairy Yellow DogwoodHeath Spyridium TDusty Miller eVelvet-leaf Spyridium eWinged Spyridium TSpreading Stenanthemum e/ T

Sheep's BurrBuzzy; Biddy-widdySheep's BurrNative Raspberry

Tangled BedstrawRough BedstrawBroad-leaf StinkweedVariable Stinkweed

Stinking BoroniaLemon-scented BoroniaDwarf Boronia

Swamp Boronia

74

Boronia pilosaBoronia pilosa var. floribundaBoronia pilosa var. pilosaCorrea alba

Correa reflexaCorrea reflexa var. reflexaLeionema bilobumPhilotheca verrucosa

Philotheca virgataZieria arborescens

Zfen'a cytisoides

SANTALACEAEExocarpos cupressiformisExocarpos strictusLeptomeria drupaceaLeptomeria glomerata

SAPINDACEAEDodonaea viscosa

SCROPHULARIACEAEEuphrasia collinaEuphrasia collina ssp. deflexifoliaEuphrasia collina ssp. gunniiEuphrasia gibbsiaeMimulus repensVeronica gracilis

SOLANACEAECyphanthera tasmanicaPhysalis peruvianaSolanum laciniatum

Solanum marginatumSolanum nigrumSolanum vescum

STACKHOUSIACEAEStackhousia monogyna

STERCULIACEAELasiopetalum discolorLasiopetalum macrophyllum

STYLIDIACEAEStylidium graminifolium

THYMELAEACEAEPimelea drupaceaPimelea humilis

Pimelea linifoliaPimelea nivea

TREMANDRACEAETetratheca labillardierei

Tetratheca pilosaTetratheca procumbens

Freycinet National Park and Wye River Stale Reserve,Management Plan 2000

Hairy BoroniaHairy BoroniaHairy BoroniaWhite CorreaCommon Correa

Common Correa

Truncate Phebalium

Fairy Wax-flowerTwiggy Wax-flowerStmkwood

Downy or Dwarf Zieria

Native CherryDwarf Cherry; Pale Fruit BallartDrupe BushCreeping Tasman Sandalwood

Broadleave hop-bush

Purple Eyebright

Alpine EyebrightCreeping Monkey FlowerSlender Speedwell

Tasmanian Ray-flowerGround-cherryKangaroo-apple

Black night-shadeGunyang

Candles

Velvet Bush

Shrubby Velvet Bush

Grass Trigger Plant

Cherry Rice-flowerDwarf Rice-flowerSmithRound-leaf Rice-flower; Cotton Bush

Labillardiere's Black-eyed SusanCommon Lilac-bells; Hairy Pink-bellsTasmanian Lilac-bells

T

T

e/T

75

URTICACEAEllrtica incisa

VIOLACEAEViola cleistogamoidesViola cunninghamiiViola hederacea

WINTERACEAETasmannia lanceolata


Nettle

Cryptic VioletCunningham's VioletIvy-leaf Violet

Mountain Pepper

MONOCOTYLEDONAE

CENTROLEPIDACEAECentrolepis aristataCentrolepis strigosa

CYPERACEAEBaumea acuta

Baumea arthrophyllaBaumea articulata

Baumea junceaBaumea rubiginosaBaumea tetragonaCarex appressaCarex breviculmis

Carex iynxCauslis penlandraChorizandra australis

Cyperus tenellusEleocharis acuta

Eleocharis sphacelataGahniafilumGahnia grandisGahnia microstachyaGahnia radula

Gahnia rodwayiGahnia trifidaGymnoschoenus sphaerocephalusIsolepis cernuaIsolepis fluitansIsolepis inundataIsolepis nodosaIsolepis subtilissimaLepidosperma concavumLepidosperma elatiusLepidosperma ensiformeLepidosperma filiformeLepidosperma forsythiiLepidosperma gladiatumLepidosperma globosumLepidosperma gunniiLepidosperma inopsLepidosperma lateraleLepidosperma longitudinaleLepidosperma tortuosumLepidosperma viscidum

Pomted CentrolepisHairy Centrolepis; Bristlewort

Pale Twig-rushArticulate Twig-rushJointed Twig-rush TBare Twig-rushSoft Twig-rushSquare Twig-rushTail SedgeSedgeSedgeThick Twist-rush THeron Bristle-rush

Tiny Flat-sedge; Delicate Leaf-rush iCommon Spike-rushTall Spike-rushChaffy Saw-sedge; Thready Twig-rushCutting GrassSlender Saw-sedgeThatch Saw-sedgeRodway's Saw-sedge e, TCoast Saw-sedgeButton Grass

Noddmg, Low or Grassy Club-rushFloating Club-rushSwamp Club-rushKnobby Club-rushTiny Club-rushSand or Hill Sword-sedgeTail Sword-sedgeTwo Handed Sword

Common or Thread Rapier-sedgeStout or Large-flowered Rapier-sedge TCoast Sword-sedge

e

Little or Narrow Sword-sedgeFan Sedge eVariable or Broad Sword-sedgePithy or Common Sword-sedgeTortuous or Twisting Rapier-sedge TSticky Sword-sedge T

76


Schoenus apogonSchoenus lepidosperma subsp. lepidospermaSchoenus maschalinusSchoenus nitens

Schoenus tescjuorumSchoenus turbinatus

Tetraria capillarisTricostularia pauciflora

HYDROCHARITACEAEHalophila australis

IRIDACEAEDiplarrena moraeaGladiolus undulatusPatersonia fragilis

JUNCACEAEJuncus gregiflorusJuncus kraussiiJuncus pallidusJuncus planifoliusJuncus procerusJuncus revolutusJuncus sarophorusLuzula flaccidaLuzula meridionalis

JUNCAGINACEAETriglochin alcockiaeTriglochin procerumTriglochin striatum

LEMNACEAELemna trisulca

LILIACEAEArthropodium milleflorumBulbine semibarbata

Burchardia umbellataDianella brevicaulis

Dianella revolutaDianella tasmanica

Drymophila cyanocarpaHypoxis hygrometricaLaxmannia orientalis

Thelionema caespitosumThysanotus patersonii

ORCHIDACEAEAcianthus caudatus

Acianthus pusillusCaladenia alata

Caladenia angustataCaladenia cameaCaladenia caudata

Caladenia clavigeraCaladenia deformis

Common or Fluke Bog-rushSlender Bog-rushLeafy or Dwarf Bog-rushShiny Bog-rushBog-rushSwampy Bog-sedgeHair-sedge; Bristle Twig-rushNeedle Bog-rush

Sea-wrack

White Flag IrisGladioli

Blue Iris; Short Purple-flag Iris

Manifold RushSea RushPale RushBroad-leaf RushGreat Rush

Creeping RushFleshy RushFlaccid LuzulaMeridian

Alcock's Water-ribbonsWater-ribbons

Streaked Arrow-grass

Ivy-leaf Duckweed

Pale Vanilla-lilyLeek LilyMilkmaids

Black Anther Flax-lilyBlue Flax-lilyTasman Flax-lilyTurquoise BerryGolden Weather-glass; Golden StarDwarf Wire-lily; Nodding LilyTufted Blue-lily; Tufted LUyTwining Fringe-lily

Mayfly OrchidMosquito OrchidWinged CaladeniaNarrow-leaf Caladenia

Pink FingersTailed Spider OrchidClubbed Spider OrchidBlue Fairies

e

e

77

Caladenia dilatata

Caladenia filamentosaCaladenia fuscataCaladenia gracilisCaladenia helvina

Caladenia latifoliaCaleana majorCaleana minor

Calochilus robertsonii

Chiloglottis grammataChiloglottis reflexaChiloglottis triceratopsCorybas aconitiflorusCorybas diemenicusCorybas fimbriatusCorybas incurousCorybas incurvusCorybas unguiculatusCn/plostylis subulataCyrtostylis reniformisDipodium roseumDiuris chryseopsisDiuris palustrisDiuris pardinaDiuris sulphureaDockrillia striolataEriochilus cucullatus

Gastrodia sesamoides

Genoplesium archeriGenoplesium despectansGenoplesium firthiiGenoplesium morrisiiGenoplesium nudumGenoplesium pumilumGenoplesium tasmanicumGlossodia majorLyperanthus suaveolensM. icrotis arenaria

Microtis parvifloraMicrotis unifoliaOrthoceras strictum

Prasophyllum australePrasophyllum brevilabrePrasophyllum elatumPrasophyllum UndleyanumPterostylis concinnaPterostylis curtaPterostylis cycnocephalaPterostylis grandiflomPterostylis melagrammaPterostylis nanaPterostylis nutansPterostylis parvifloraPterostylis pedoglossaPterostylis pedunculataPterostylis plumosaPterostylis scfuamataPterostylis stenochila


Green-comb Spider OrchidDaddy Long-legsDusky CaladerdaMusky CaladeniaSummer Spider OrchidPink Fairies

Large Duck OrchidSmall Duck Orchid

Purple Beard OrchidSmall Bird OrchidAutumn Bird OrchidThree-homed Bird Orchid

Spurred Helmet OrchidStately Helmet OrchidFringed Helmet OrchidStately Helmet OrchidSlaty Helmet OrchidSmall Helmet Orchid

Large Tongue Orchid; Duckbill OrchidSmall Gnat Orchid

Hyacinth OrchidCommon Golden Moths

Swamp DiurisLeopard OrchidTiger OrchidStreaked Rock OrchidPink Autumn Orchid; Parsons BandsPotato Orchid

Elfin Midge OrchidSharp Midge OrchidFirth's Midge OrchidBearded Midge OrchidTiny Midge OrchidGreen Midge OrchidTasmanian Midge OrchidWax-lip OrchidBrown BeaksNotched Onion OrchidSlender Onion OrchidCommon Onion OrchidHorned OrchidAustral Leek Orchid

Shortlip Leek OrchidTall Leek OrchidGreen Leek OrchidTrim GreenhoodBlunt GreenhoodSwan Greenhood

Cobra or Superb GreenhoodBlack-stripe GreenhoodDwarf Greenhood

Nodding GreenhoodTiny GreenhoodPrawn GreenhoodMaroonhoodBearded Greenhood

Ruddy GreenhoodGreen-lip Greenhood

e/TT

T

78

Pterostylis tasmanicaPterostylis uliginosaPterostylis williamsoniiPyrorchis nigricansSpiranthes australisThelymitra antenniferaThelymitra arenariaThelymitra aristataThelymitra earnedThelymitra circumseptaThelymitra cyaneaThelymitra flexuosaThelymitra ixioidesThelymitra malvinaThelymitra nudaThelymitra paucifloraThelymitra rubraThelymitra XtruncataXCalassodia tutelata

POACEAEAgrostis aemulaAgrostis avenaceaAgroslis venustaAira caryophylleaAmmophila arenariaAmphibromus recurvatusAustrodanthonia caespitosaAustrodanthonia geniculataAustrodanthonia laevis

Austrodanthonia penicillataAustrodanthonia pilosaAustrodanthonia setaceaAustrodanthonia tenuior

Austrofestuca UttoralisAustrostipa aphyllaAustrostipa flavescensAustrostipa mollisAustrostipa pubinodisAustrostipa semibarbataAustrostipa stipoidesAustrostipa stuposaBriza minor

Bromus diandrusBromus hordeaceus

Deyeuxia contractaDeyeuxia densaDeyeuxia monticolaDeyeuxia cjuadrisetaDeyeuxia rodwayiDichelachne crinitaDichelachne rara

Distichlis distichophyllaEchinopogon ovatusEhrharta acuminata

Ehrharta distichophyllaEhrharta stipoidesEhrharta tasmanica


Small Bearded GreenhoodMarsh Greenhood

Brown-lip OrchidFire Orchid; Red Beaks

Pink Spiral OrchidRabbit-ears

Lazy Sun OrchidGreat Sim Orchid

Tiny Sun OrchidNaked Sun OrchidVeined Sun Orchid

Twisted Sun Orchid

Spotted Sun OrchidMauve-tufted Sim OrchidPlain Sun OrchidSlender Sun OrchidPink Sun Orchid

Truncate Sun Orchid

Hybrid Wax-lip Orchid

Blown GrassBlown GrassGraceful Bent Grass

Silvery Hair grassMarram grassDark Swamp Wallaby-grassCommon Wallaby-grassKneed Wallaby-grassWallaby-grassSlender Wallaby-grassVelvet or Purple-awned Wallaby-grassBristly or Mulga Wallaby-grassFine Wallaby-grassCoast Fescue

Tall Spear-grassYellow Spear-grassSoft Spear-grassTail Spear-grassFibrous Spear-grass; Barbed Spear-grassCoastal Spear-grassCorkscrew Grass

Lesser Quaking grassGreat BromeSoft BromeBent GrassBent GrassBent GrassReed Bent GrassBent Grass

Long-hair Plume-grassScarce Plume-grassAustralian Salt-grassHedgehog GrassPointed Rice-grassHairy Rice-grassWeeping GrassTasmanian Wire-grass

79


Elymus scaberFestuca plebeiaHemarthria uncinata

Holcus lanatus

Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinumImperata cylindrica var. majorNardus stricta

Notodanthonia gracilisPentapogon cjuadrifidusPhragmites australisPoa clelandii

Poa labillardierei

Poa poiformisPoa rodwayiPoa sieberianaPoa tenera

Puccinellia stricta var, stricta

Rytidosperma dimidiatumSpinifex sericeusSporobolus virginicusThemeda triandra

Vulpia bromoidesVulpia myurosZoysia macrantha

POTAMOGETONACEAEPotamogeton tricarinatus

RESTIONACEAEAcion hookeri

Apodasmia browniiCalorophus elongatusEmpodisma minusEurychorda complanalaHypolaena fastigiataLeptocarpus tenaxLepy radio, muelleriSporadanthus tasmanicus

RUPPIACEAERuppia polycarpa

TYPHACEAETypha latifolia

XANTHORRHOEACEAELomandra longifoliaXanthorrhoea arenariaXanthorrhoea australis

XYRIDACEAEXyris marginataXyrzs muelleriXyris operculataXyris tasmanica

ZANNICHELLIACEAELepilaena cylindrocarpa

Rough Wheat-grassCommon FescueMat Grass

Yorkshire Fog grassBarley-grassBlady GrassMat grassSlender Wallaby-grassFive-awned Spear-grassCommon ReedClelands's Poa GrassTussock or Snow GrassBlue Tussock Grass

Rodway's PoaTussock or Snow GrassSlender Tussock GrassSaltmarsh Grass

Half-formed Wallaby-grassSpinifexSalt CouchKangaroo GrassHair grass; Silk grassRat's-tail Fescue

Prickly Couch

Floating Pondweed

Woolly-glume RestioCoarse Twine-rush

Long Rope-rushSpreading Rope-rushFlat Cord-rush

Tassel Rope-rushSlender Twine-rushCommon or Erect Scale-rush

Branching Scale-rush

Ruppia

Cumbungi

SaggGrass-tree; Black-boyAustral Grass-tree; Black-boy

Emarginate Yellow-eyeMueller's Yellow-eyeTall Yellow-eyeSlender Yellow-eye

Long-fruited Water-mat

e/T

e

e

80


PTERIDOPHYTA

ADIANTACEAEAdiantum aethiopicum .Cheilanthes austrotenuifoliaCheilanthes sieberi

Pellaea falcata

ASPLENIACEAEAsplenium appendiculatumAsplenium flabellifoliumAsplenium obtusatum

BLECHNACEAEBlechnum nudum

Blechnum wattsii

Common MaidenhairRock FernNarrow-rock FernSickle Fern

Ground SpleenwortNecklace Fern

Shore Spleenwort

Fishbone Water-fern; Black-stemHard Water-fem

CYATHEACEAECyathea australis

DENNSTAEDTIACEAEHistiopteris incisaHypolepis glanduliferaHypolepis rugosulaPteridium esculentum

DICKSONIACEAEDicksonia antarctica

DRYOPTERIDACEAELastreopsis acuminataPolystichum proliferumPolystichum proliferumRumohra adiantiformis

GLEICHENIACEAEGleichenia dicarpaGleichenia microphyllaSticherus tenerSticherus urceolatus

Rough Tree-fern

Bat's WingSticky Ground-femRuddy Ground-fernBracken; Austral Bracken

Tree-fem; Soft Tree-fem

Shiny Shield-fernPrickly Shield-femMother Shield-fem

Leathery Shield-fem; Shield Hare's-foot

Pouched Coral-fem

Scrambling Coral-femSilky Fan-fernFan fern

GRAMMITIDACEAECtenopteris heterophyllaGrammitis billardierei

HYMENOPHYLLACEAECrepidomanes venosumHymenophyllum auslraleHymenophyllum cupressiformeHymenophyllum flabellatumHymenophyllum marginatumHymenophyllum rarum

LINDSAEACEAELindsaea linearis

Gipsy-femFinger-fern

Veined Bristle-fem

Austral Filmy-femCommon Filmy-femShiny Filmy-femBordered Filmy-femNarrow Filmy-fem

Screw fern

81


LYCOPODIACEAEHuperzia variaLycopodiella lateralisLycopodiella serpentinaLycopodium deuterodensum

OSMUNDACEAETodea barbara

POLYPODIACEAEMicrosorum pustulatum

PSILOTACEAETmesipteris obliqua

PTERIDACEAEPteris tremula

SCHIZAEACEAESchizaea bifidaSchizaea ftstulosa

SELAGINELLACEAESelaginella uliginosa

Long ClubmossSlender Clubmoss

Bog ClubmossBushy Clubmoss

Austral King-fem

Kangaroo Fern

Long Fork-fem

Tender Brake

Forked Comb-femNarrow Comb-fern

Swamp Selagmella

Nomenclature follows Buchanan, 1999

82

Freycinet National Park and Wye River Stale Reserve,Management Plan 2000

A endix 1B

Flora of Wye River State ReserveList derived from the species list for the Bluemans Creek RAP by Forestry Tasmania.

Nomenclature follows Buchanan 1999

e

1

T

endemic to Tasmaniaintroduced to Tasmania

Listed in the Schedules of the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995

ADIANTACEAEAdiantum aethiopicumCheilanthes austrotenuifoliaPellaea falcata

APIACEAEHydrocotyle hirtaXanthosia dissecta

Xanthosia pusilla

APOCYNACEAEParsonsia brownii

ASPLENIACEAEAsplenium flabellifolium

ASTERACEAEArgentipallium dealbatumBedfordia salicinaBrachyscome aculeataBrachyscome sieberi var. gunniiBrachyscome spathulata ssp. glabraCassinia aculeata

Cirsium sp.Cotula alpinaCraspedia glaucaEuchiton collinusEuchiton involucratus

Helichrysum scorpioidesHypochoeris radicataLagenifera huegeliiLagenifera stipitataLeontodon taraxacoides

Leptorhynchos UnearisLeptorhynchos sqiiamatus

Olearia argophyllaOlearia erubescensOlearia Urata

Olearia ramulosaOlearia viscosa

Ozothamnus argophyllusOzothamnus ledifoliusOzothamnus lycopodioidesOzothamnus obcordatus

Ozothamnus purpurascens

e

e,T

e

e/T

83


Ozothamnus scutellifoliusSenecio hispidulusSenecio minimus

Senecio odoratus

Solenogyne sp.Sonchussp.

BLECHNACEAEBlechnum nudumBlechnum wattsii

Doodia media

BORAGINACEAECynoglossum suaveolens

BRASSICACEAECardamine sp.

CAMPANULACEAEWahlenbergia gracilisWahlenbergia tadgellii

CASUARINACEAEAllocasuarina Uttoralis

Allocasuarina moniliferaAllocasuarina uerticillata

CHENOPODIACEAERhagodia candolleana

CLUSIACEAEHypericum gramineumHypericum japonicum

CONVOLVULACEAEDichondra repens

CRASSULACEAECrassula sieberiana

CUNONIACEAEBauera rubioides

CUPRESSACEAECallitris rhomboidea

CYPERACEAEBaumea gunniiBaumea tetragonaCarex breviculmis

Gahnia grandisGahnia rodwayiLepidosperma curtisiaeLepidosperma elatiusLepidosperma filiformeLepidosperma globosumLepidosperma gunniiLepidosperma inops

e/T

84

Freycinet National Park and Wye River State Reserve,

Lepidosperma lateraleLepidosperma longitudinaleLepidosperma oldfieldiiLepidosperma tortuosumSchoenus apogonSchoenus lepidosperma ssp. lepidospermaSchoenus maschalinus

Tetraria capillaris

DENNSTAEDTIACEAEHistiopteris incisaPteridium esculentum

DICKSONIACEAEDicksonia antarctica

DILLENIACEAEHibbertia empetrifoliaHibbertia hirsuta

Hibbertia ripariaHibbertia serpyllifolia

DROSERACEAEDrosera peltata ssp. auriculataDrosera pygmaea

DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum proliferumRumohra adiantiformis

ELAEOCARFACEAEAristotelia peduncularis

EPACRIDACEAEAcrotriche serrulata

Astroloma humifusumCyathodes divaricataCyathodes juniperinaCyathodes pendulosaEpacris acuminataEpacris impressaEpacris lanuginosaEpacris tasmanicaLeucopogon collinusLissanthe strigosaSprengelia incarnataStyphelia adscendens

EUPHORBIACEAEAmperea xiphocladaBeyeria viscosaMicrantheum hexandrum

Phyllanthus australisPhyllanthus gunniiPoranthera microphylla

Management Plan 2000

e

T

e

e,T

85


FABACEAEBossiaea prostrataDaviesia ulicifoliaGompholobium huegeliiHovea lanceolata

Hovea linearis

Indigofera australisPlatylobium obtusangulumPlatylobium triangularePultenaea daphnoides var. obcordataPultenaea dentata

Pultenaea gunniiPultenaea juniperinaPultenaea pedunculataSphaerolobium minusTrifolium sp.Ulex europaeus

GENTIANACEAECentaurium erythraeaSebaea ovata

GERANIACEAEGemnium potentilloidesPelargonium australe

GLEICHENIACEAEGleichenia dicarpaGleichenia microphylla

GOODENIACEAE

Goodenia elongataGoodenia lanataGoodenia ovata

GRAMMITIDACEAECtenopteris heterophylla

HALORAGACEAEGonocarpus tetragynusGonocarpus teucrioides

HYMENOPHYLLACEAEHymenophyllum cupressiforme

IRIDACEAEDiplarrena moraeaPatersonia fragilis

JUNCACEAEJuncus australisJuncus bassianusJuncus pauciflorusJuncus vaginatusLuzula sp.


LAMIACEAEProstanthera lasianthos

Teucrium corymbosumWestringia sp.

LAURACEAECassytha melanthaCassytha pubescens

LILIACEAEArthropodium milleflorumArthropodium minusCaesia sp.Dianella revoluta

Dianella tasmanica

Hypoxis hygrometricaThelionema caespitosumWurmbea sp.

LINACEAELinum marginale

LINDSAEACEAELindsaea Unearis

LYCOPODIACEAEHuperzia varia

MIMOSACEAEAcacia dealbata

Acacia genislifoliaAcacia mearnsii

Acacia melanoxylonAcacia mucronata var. mucronata

Acacia myrtifoliaAcacia strictaAcacia verticillata var. verticillata

MONIMIACEAEAtherosperma moschatum

MYRTACEAECallistemon pallidusCallistemon viridiflorusEucalyptus amygdalinaEucalyptus barberiEucalyptus brookerianaEucalyptus delegatensis ssp. TasmaniensisEucalyptus globulus ssp. globulusEucalyptus obliquaEucalyptus ovataEucalyptus pauciflom ssp. pauciflomEucalyptus pulchellaEucalyptus tenuiramisEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis

e

e

e/Te

e

87


Leptospermum grandiflorumLeptospermum lanigerumLeptospermum scoparium var. scopariumMelaleuca pustulata

OLEACEAENotelaea ligustrina

ORCHIDACEAEAcianthus pusillusCaladenia deformisCalochilus robertsonii

Corybas sp.Cyrtostylis renifonnisDiuris chryseopsisDiuris pardinaEriochilus cucullatus

Glossodia majorMicrotis sp.Pterostylis melagrammaPterostylis williamsoniiPterostylis alataPterostylis decurvaPterostylis nutansPterostylis pedunculataSarcochilus australis

Thelymitra sp,

OXALIDACEAEOxalis perennans

PITTOSPORACEAEBillardiera longiflomBillardiera longiflora var. longifloraBursaria spinosaPittosporum bicolorRhytidosporum procumbens

PLANTAGINACEAEPlantago varia

POACEAEAgrostis aemulaAgrostis avenaceaAgrostis parvifloraAgrostis venustaAira caryophylleaAustrodanthonia caespitosaAustrodanthonia laevis

Austrodanthonia pilosaAustrodanthonia setaceaAustrodanthonia tenuior

Austrostipa aphyllaAustrostipa mollisAustrostipa pubinodisAustrostipa rudisAustrostipa stuposaAustrostipa nodosa

e/T


Briza sp.Deyeuxia contractaDeyeuxia monticolaDeyeuxia quadrisetaDichelachne crinita

Dichelachne inaequiglumisDichelachne micranthaDichelachne rara

Ehrharta stipoidesElymus scaberHainardia cylindricaHolcus lanatusNotodanthonia semiannularis

Pentapogon quadrifidusPoa hookeriPoa labillardierei var. acrisPoa labillardierei var. labillardiereiPoa mollis

Poa rodwayiPoa sieberiana

Rytidosperma dimidiatumThemeda triandra

POLYGALACEAEComesperma volubile

POLYPODIACEAEMxcrosorum pustulatum

PRIMULACEAEAnagallis arvensis

PROTEACEAEBanksia marginataGrevillea australis var. linearifoliaHakea epiglottisHakea microcarpaLomatia tinctoria

e

e/T

T

e

PTERIDACEAEPteris comans

RANUNCULACEAEClematis aristata

Clemalis gentianoides

RESTIONACEAEEmpodisma minusRestio australis

RHAMNACEAECryptandra exilisPomaderris apetalaPomaderris ellipticaPomaderris pilifemSpyridium obovatum var. obovatumSpyridium obovatum var. vehitinumStenanthemum pimeleoides

e

e

e/T

89


ROSACEAEAcaena echinataAcaena novae-zelandiae

RUBIACEAECoprosma hirtellaCoprosma quadrifidaGalium australe

Opercularia varia

RUTACEAEBoronia nana

Correa reflexaPhilotheca verrucosa

Zieria arborescens

SANTALACEAEExocarpos cupressiformisExocarpos strictusLeptomeria drupacea

SAPINDACEAEDodonaea. filiformisDodonaea viscosa ssp. spathulata

SCROPHULARIACEAEVeronica calycinaVeronica formosa

SELAGINELLACEAESelaginella uliginosa

SOLANACEAECyphanthera tasmanica

STACKHOUSIACEAEStackhousia monogyna

STERCULIACEAELasiopetalum micranthum

STYLIDIACEAEStylidium graminifolium

THYMELAEACEAEPimelea humilisPimelea nivea

TREMANDRACEAETetratheca pilosa

URTICACEAEUrtica incisa

VIOLACEAEViola cleistogamoidesViola hederacea ssp. hederacea

e/T

90


XANTHORRHOEACEAELomandra longifoliaLomandra nana

91


A endix 2

Known Land Vertebrates (Excluding Birds) of Freycinet National Parke = endemic to Tasmania

T = Listed in the Schedules of the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995

Terrestrial Mammals

Ornilhorhynchus anatinusTachyglossus aculeatus setosusDasyurus maculatus maculatusDasyurus viverrinusSarcophilus harrisiiVombatus ursinus tasmaniensis

Pseudocheirus peregrinus viverrinusTrichosurus vulpecula fuliginosusCercartetus lepidusCercartetus nanus nanus

Bettongia gaimardiPotorous tridactylus apicalisMacropus rufogriseus rufogriseusThylogale billardieriiHydromys chrysogasterPseudomys novaehollandiaeRattus lutreolus

Bats

Chalinolobus morio

Vespadelus regulusVespadelus darlingtoniVespadelus vulturnusFalsistrellus tasmaniensis

Nyctophilus geoffroyi.Nyctophilus timoriensis sherrini.

Terrestrial reptilesTym-panocryptis diemensisBassiana duperryiCyclodomorphus casuarinaeEgemia whitiiLampropholis delicataNiveoscincus metallicusNiveoscincus ocellatus

Niveoscincus pretiosusPseudemoia entrecasteauxii

Tilicfua nigroluteaAustrelaps superbusDrysdalia coronoidesNotechis ater

AmphibiansLitoria ewingiLitoria raniformisLimnodynastes tasmaniensisPseudophryne semimarmorataCrinia signiferaCrinia tasmaniensis

platypusechidna

spotted-tailed quolleastern quollTasmanian devil

common womb at

ringtail possumbrushtail possumlittle pygmy possumeastern pygmy possumbettonglong-nosed potorooBennetts wallabyTasmanian pademelonwater rat

New Holland mouse

swamp rat

chocolate wattled batsouthern forest bat

large forest batlittle forest bat

eastern false pipistrellelesser long-eared batTasmanian long-eared bat

mountain dragonthree-lined skink

she-oak skink

White's skink

delicate grass skinkmetallic skink

spotted skrakpretty skink

southern grass skinkblotched blue-tongue lizardcopperheadwhite-lipped whip snaketiger snake

brown tree froggreen and gold frogspotted marsh frogsouthern toadlet

common eastern frogletTasmanian froglet

92


Introduced Mammals

Petaurus breviceps brevicepsMus musculus

Rattus noroegicus noruegicusRattus rattus

Lepus capensisOn/ctolagus cuniculusFelis catus

sugar gliderhouse mousebrown ratblack rat

brown hare

European rabbitcat

93


A endix 3

Birds Of Freycinet National Park environs

T = Listed in the Schedules of the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995

Coturnix ypsilophoraBiziura lobata

Cygnus atratusCereopsis novaehollandiaeAnas superciliosaAnas castanea

Poliocephalus poliocephalusEudyptes pachyrhynchusEudyptula minorPelecanoides urinatrix

Macronectes giganteusPachyptila turturPuffinus tenuirostrisPuffinus gaviaDiomedea exulans

Diomedea melanophrisDiomedea cauta

Diomedea chlororhynchosPelagodroma marinaMorus senatorPhalacrocorax melanoleucos

Phalacrocomx fuscescensPhalacrocorax sulcirostrisPhalacrocorax carbo

Pelecanus conspicillatusEgretta novaehollandiaeArdea alba

Botaurus poiciloptilusHaliaeetus leucogasterCircus approximansAccipiter fasciatusAccipiter cirrhocephalusAquila audaxFalco berigoraFalco peregrinusPorphyrio porphyrioGallinula mortieriiFulica atmTurnix varia

Gallinago hardwickiiArenaria interpresHaematopus longirostrisHaematopus fuliginosusThinornis rubricollis

Vanellus miles

Stercorarius pomarinusStercorarius parasiticusLarus pacificusLOTUS dominicanusLarus novaehollandiae

Sterna caspiaSterna striata

Stema bergiiSterna nereis

Phaps chalcoptera

Brown QuailMusk DuckBlack Swan

Cape Barren GoosePacific Black DuckChestnut Teal

Hoary-headed GrebeFiordland PenguinLittle PenguinCommon Diving-petrelSouthern Giant-petrelFairy PrionShort-tailed Shearwater

Fluttering ShearwaterWandering AlbatrossBlack-browed Albatross

Shy AlbatrossYellow-nosed Albatross

White-faced Storm-petrelAustralasian Gannet

Little Pied Cormorant

Black-faced Cormorant

Little Black CormorantGreat Cormorant

Australian Pelican

White-faced Heron

Great EgretAustralasian Bittern

White-bellied Sea-EagleSwamp HarrierBrown Goshawk

Collared SparrowhawkWedge-tailed EagleBrown Falcon

Peregrine FalconPurple SwamphenTasmanian Native HenEurasian Coot

Painted Button-quailLatham's SnipeRuddy TurnstonePied OystercatcherSooty OystercatcherHooded Plover

Masked LapwingPomarine JaegerArctic JaegerPacific Gull

Kelp GullSilver Gull

Caspian TernWhite-fronted TernCrested Tern

Fairy TernCommon Bronzewing

T

T

T

T

94

PhapselegansCalyptorhynchusfunereusPlatycercus caledonicusPlatycercuseximiusLathamus discolor

Cuculus pallidusCacomantisflabelliformisChrysococcyxbasalisChrysococcyxlucidusNinox nouaeseelandiae

Hirundapus caudacutusTytonovaehollandiaePodargusstrigoidesDacelonovaeguineaeMalurus cyaneusPardalotus punctatusPardalotusstriatus

SericornisfrontalisAcanthornismagnusCalamanthusfuliginosiisAcanthizapusillaAcanthiza ewingiiAcanthiza chrysorrhoaAnthochaera paradoxaAnthochaera chrysopteraManorinamelanocephalaLichenostomus flavicollisMelithreptus affinisPhylidonyris pyrrhopteraPhylidonyrisnovaehollandiaePhylidonyrismelanopsAcanthorhynchus tenuirostrisEpthianwa albifro ns

Petroica multicolor

PetroicaphoeniceaMelanodryas vittataCinclosoma punctatumPachycephala pectoralisColluricinclaharmonica

MyiagracyanoleucaRhipidurafuliginosaCoracina novaehollandiae

Artamus cyanopterusCracticus torqwtusGymnorhina tibicenStreperafuliginosaStrepera versicolorCorvus tasmanicusAlauda arvensis

AnthusnovaeseelandiaePasser domesticus

StagonopleurabellaCarduelischlorisCardueliscarduelisHirundo neoxena

HirundonigricansMegalurus gramineusZosteropslateralisZoothem lunulataTurdus merula

Sturnus vulgaris

FreycinetNationalParkandWyeRiverStateReserve,M.anagementPlan2000

Brush BronzewingYellow-tailedBlackCockatooGreen RosellaEastern RosellaSwift Parrot TPallid CuckooFan-tailed CuckooHorsfields Bronze-Cuckoo

ShiningBronze-CuckooSouthern BoobookWhite-throatedNeedletailMasked Owl

Tawny FrogmouthLaughingKookaburraSuperbFairy-WrenSpottedPardaloteStriated PardaloteWhite-browed Scrubwren

ScrubtitStriated FieldwrenBrown ThornbillTasmanian Thornbill

Yellow-rumpedThornbillYellow WattlebirdLittle Wattlebird

Noisy minerYellow-throated HoneyeaterBlack-headedHoneyeaterCrescent HoneyeaterNewHollandHoneyeaterTawny-crownedHoneyeaterEasternSpinebillWhite-frontedChatScarlet Robin

Flame Robin

Dusky RobinSpottedQuail-thrushGoldenWhistler

GreyShrike-ThrushSatinFlycatcherGreyFantailBlack-faced Cuckoo Shrike

DuskyWoodSwallowGreyButcherbirdAustralian MagpieBlack CurrawongGrey CurrawongForest Raven

SkylarkRichard'sPipitHouseSparrowBeautiful Firetail

EuropeanGreenfinchEuropeanGoldfinchWelcome Swallow

Tree MartinLittle Grassbird

SilvereyeBassian Thrush

Common Blackbird

CommonStarling

Note: BirdspeciesnamesfollowthetaxonomyofChristidis& Bales(1994)

95


A endix 4

Performance Indicators

Performance indicators provide a guide for evaluating if the management plan has beenimplemented, and if the management objectives of the plan have been achieved. During the life ofthis plan, further, more detailed research and monitoring programs, policies or proceduresapproved by the managing authority may be applied to evaluation of this plan and itsimplementation. As a minimum, the following performances indicators will be used whenevaluating the plan's implementation and outcomes.

. The natural biological diversity of the indigenous flora and fauna in the Park and Reserveis at least equal to that which occurred at the commencement of the plan.

. Populations of threatened species within the Park and Reserve are stable or increasingupon that which occurred at the commencement of the plan.

. The significant natural landscapes and catchments in the Park and Reserve are intact orrestored.

. Water quality in the Park and Reserve has not deteriorated or has improved.

. Geological diversity and sites of geodiversity significance in the Park and Reserve areintact or restored.

. Sites and areas of Aboriginal heritage are protected, managed and, in appropriatecircumstances, interpreted in cooperation with the Aboriginal community.

. Cooperative management programs with Aboriginal people are in place in areas ofsignificance to them, consistent with this management plan.

. Sites and areas of historic heritage are protected, managed and, in appropriatecircumstances/ interpreted.

. An interpretation plan for the Park has been prepared, implemented and reviewed.

. Research is available which improves the knowledge of the Park and the Reserve.

. Research and monitoring results are available which assist effective management decisionmaking on conservation and management of the Park and the Reserve and visitors tothem.

. Damaged or degraded areas of the Park and the Reserve have been stabilised orrehabilitated and restored.

. Fire management programs for the Park and Reserve have been undertaken.

. Park and Reserve values and neighbouring lands have not been adversely impacted uponby fire.

. Phytophthora and other plant diseases have not spread into areas unaffected at thecommencement of the plan.

. Introduced flora and fauna are controlled or have been eradicated.

96

Freycinet National Park and Wye River State Reserve,M.anagement Plan 2000

The recreational and tourism character of the Park and Reserve is one of quietness andrelaxation m an attractive natural setting.

Coordinated and mtegrated site planning has been undertaken and implemented for alldevelopments.

Recreation and tourism opportunities and facilities identified in the management plan orin site planning have been developed in accordance with the plans.

Visitor impacts on Park and Reserve values are at sustamable levels for the zone or area inwhich they occur.

Visits to the Park and Reserve have increased since approval of the plan.

Visitor, community, and Wildcare interest and involvement m, and comment upon/ thestate of the Park and the Reserve, and their management, is regular and predominantlyfavourable.

97


98

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Management Plan 2004 (Altering the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000)


Management Plan

2004

(Altering the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve

Management Plan 2000)

Freycinet National Park Management Plan 2004 (Altering the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000)

This management plan for Freycinet National Park has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Part 3 of the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002.

Unless otherwise specified, this plan adopts the interpretation of terms given in the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002. The term ‘Minister’ when used in the plan means the Minister administering this Act. The terms ‘park’ and ‘national park’ refer to the Freycinet National Park.

In accordance with Section 30(1) of the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002, the managing authority for the park, in this case the Director of National Parks and Wildlife, shall carry out his or her duties in relation to the park for the purpose of giving effect to, and in accordance with the provisions of, this management plan. The position of Director is held by the Secretary of the Department of Tourism, Parks, Heritage and the Arts.

APPROVAL This management plan was approved by His Excellency the Governor-in-Council on 29 November 2004 and took effect on 22 December 2004, being seven days after publication of that approval in the Government Gazette.

ISBN 0 9751743 1 2

© Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Tourism, Parks, Heritage and the Arts, 2003

Published by Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Tourism, Parks, Heritage and the Arts GPO Box 1751 Hobart, Tasmania 7001

Section 1 Introduction

Freycinet National Park is currently managed in accordance with a statutory management plan, the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000. This plan has the effect of altering the 2000 plan in specific areas. The reasons for preparing this plan are twofold. Firstly, it has been prepared to provide for the construction and operation of extended potable water storage capacity in the Middleton Creek Tinfield area. Secondly, it has been prepared to provide for redevelopment of the Wineglass Bay lookout track.

Section 2 of this plan sets out background on the water storage proposal, while Section 3 sets out background on the lookout track proposal. Section 4 sets out the proposed changes to the plan

The management of the Freycinet National Park will be governed by the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 and this plan read together.

Freycinet National Park Management Plan 2004 (Altering the Freycinet National Park, Wye River Sate Reserve Management Plan 2000) 1

Section 2 Potable Water Storage Extensions

The Issue

Coles Bay has a reticulated town water supply system. Currently the system storage consists of a main town dam on a tributary of the Saltwater Creek, augmented during dry summers by water pumped from smaller dams situated in the catchment of the neighbouring Middleton Creek in an area known as the Middleton Creek Tinfield within the Freycinet National Park. Water resources on the east-coast are scarce; particularly so on the Freycinet Peninsula. For the last several years the Coles Bay system has been barely able to cope with existing demand patterns. Further, the physical condition of the component dams is poor.

Rising demand for water from within the Coles Bay township, coupled with recent low rainfall years and increasing development opportunities such as the planned Federal Hotels luxury resort, has focussed attention on problems with the supply of adequate quantities of potable water for the Freycinet Peninsula.

The Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council proposes to use this opportunity to undertake a major upgrade of the town water supply to place the future water supply needs of the whole town on a more secure footing. As a result Council has lodged an application to use and further develop the Middleton Creek Tinfield site within the Freycinet National Park to harvest potable water.

Those components of an upgraded town potable water system that lie within the Middleton Creek Tinfield consist of a new dam within an area know as the ‘tin mines dam cluster’ along with repairs to the southern tin mine dam (NSS 20031).

As indicated, the Middleton Creek Tinfield is already being used to harvest potable water for the township of Coles Bay. The proponent indicates that this project will significantly extend the storage capacity of that site, providing sufficient town water to exceed the needs of Federal Hotels and provide additional supply for the broader community. Extending the dam capacity will involve extensive earth works but generally limited to the existing disturbed area of the mine site, and primarily using on-site materials to build new dam walls. A range of other options has been investigated, the principal one involving harvesting water from an undisturbed catchment with consequent environmental impact. These other options have been considered unsatisfactory.

Description of the Middleton Creek Tinfield

The area is accessed from the Freshwater Lagoon Track, which in turn is accessed from the Coles Bay Road about one kilometre north of Coles Bay. This track heads in a generally northerly direction into the park emerging on the coast just west of Freshwater Point. About one kilometre within the park boundary on the Freshwater Lagoon Track a rough spur track on the right steeply ascends the ridge to the Middleton Creek Tinfield (see Map 1).

1 National Strategic Services Pty Ltd, 2003; Tin Mines Dams – Dam Application and Environmental Impact Assessment, report to DPIWE published at http://www.publicinfo.tas.gov.au


http://www.publicinfo.tas.gov.au

Potable Water Storage Extensions

The tinfield and surrounding land was proclaimed part of the park by statute under the Regional Forest Agreement (Land Classification) Act 1998, which became effective on 30 April 1999. Prior to this the area had been unallocated Crown land.

Presently the Middleton Creek Tinfield consists of a series of interconnected dams, spillways, tailing deposits and the scattered remains of mining machinery and occupation sites. Many of the dams are considered to be in poor condition and have breached or are likely to breach in the foreseeable future, mobilising considerable amounts of sediment.

The Middleton Creek Tinfield has long been known to possess cultural heritage values. It has been mined for tin on and off since 1872, using both small-scale techniques and large-scale mechanical techniques in the most recent mining phase from 1972 to 1980. An interim assessment of cultural heritage values, carried out before the present project was conceived, found the values of the site were degraded by this latter mining phase, but never the less continued to exist. The site is listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Places Index and an informal statement of significance recorded there indicates:

The Middleton Creek Tinfield is moderately significant, being a small-scale example of a significant site type in Tasmania’s mining and prospecting history. It contains the remains of turn-of-the-century tin prospecting which demonstrates pre-mechanical prospecting techniques.

As part of developing an application for dam works the project proponents have undertaken a formal assessment of the values of the site and surrounds and of the impact of the proposed development on those values (see next section).

The Project Assessment Pathway

Approval of this plan is not a sufficient step to ensure the dam construction project can proceed. Other approval steps include a test for consistency with other statutory responsibilities held by the management authority (PWS) and a permit for dam works.

Section 4.5 of the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 provides the current protocols for assessing development within the park required by the management authority. The assessment protocol firstly requires an assessment of the scale of the project, based on scale, public interest or the potential for substantial impact. Depending upon the outcome of this process the assessment process is either an internal process, or one that is made available for public comment. The assessment process is primarily designed to test the project’s consistency with the management authority’s statutory responsibilities in relation to the conservation of natural, cultural heritage and wilderness values

Being a dam proposal, the approval process is specifically excluded from consideration under the Land Use Planning and Approvals Act 1993. It is instead subject to a separate assessment process under the Water Management Act 1999. In the case of small-scale projects such as this one a Dam Assessment Report is prepared and assessed by the Assessment Committee for Dam Construction (ACDC), following a 14-day minimum public comment period.

In order to streamline the approval process, the test of consistency of the management authority’s statutory responsibilities and the dam construction approval process were combined into a single step. The Tin Mines Dams – Dam


Potable Water Storage Extensions

Application and Environmental Impact Assessment2 included an assessment of impacts on the values for which the management authority has a statutory responsibility. To provide additional transparency the above document was made available for public comment at the same time as this plan was released for public comment. The community, through this process, had the opportunity to comment on both these matters.

2 see previous footnote


Section 3 Redevelopment of the Wineglass Bay Lookout Track

The Issue

Currently the single most important attraction in the park is the Wineglass Bay lookout track. Two successive visitor surveys (1998/00 and 2002/03) have shown that the opportunity to view Wineglass Bay is the prime reason that visitors come. The exit survey completed in summer 02/03 indicated that sixty eight percent of the 200,000 visitors to the park, or 136,000 people, walked to the lookout. To get to the lookout visitors leave their cars at the Wineglass Bay carpark and walk the 1.2 kilometre length track, ascending 120 metres to the saddle lookout to enjoy panoramic views of the now world famous bay. However, the inadequacies of this major tourist experience have been recognised for some time. The Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 states:

The extremely erodible granitic and sandy soils of the Park mean that a track subjected to such high use is difficult to maintain, and is considered to be unsafe by many visitors. Visitors have slipped and fallen on the Wineglass Bay lookout track, injuring themselves and requiring rescue and medical attention.

The plan goes on to prescribe as follows

• Upgrade and maintain the entire Wineglass Bay track at “Walk” standard.

Since the writing of the 2000 plan the situation on the Wineglass Bay lookout track has further deteriorated. With the rapid increase in visitor numbers the narrow track with its many high steps is more and more frequently overcrowded, exacerbating risk issues and further reducing the quality of the experience. In the busiest month of 2003 (January) there were more 500 people walking the track every day. The 2002/03 exit survey also indicated visitor dissatisfaction with the condition of the track, the need for seats and better signage and problems with the current lookout capacity. The time has definitely come to act on the 2000 plan prescription and upgrade the track.

Proposed Redevelopment of the Track

Having determined to upgrade the lookout track the Parks and Wildlife Service recently hired specialist trackwork consultants to provide recommendations on the best approach. The consultants have assessed the problems of the current track and are currently developing alternatives.

The major issue is the grade of the current track; it is simply too steep for both walker comfort and stability of the surface. To address both of these matters a new route is required.

A second issue relates to the current and future levels of use of the track. Qualities of solitude, quietness and appreciation of nature rapidly decrease with increasing visitor numbers. Current predictions are for further significant increases in visitor numbers in the coming years. Presently visitor numbers at


Redevelopment of the Wineglass Bay Lookout Track

Freycinet are as high as Cradle Mountain but the predicted growth rate (5%) is much higher than for Cradle. The quality of the experience will be greatly improved if a one-way loop track is developed. Visitors moving around a one-way loop track will have a much lower incidence of encounters with other parties, greatly reducing both the apparent level of crowding and the risks associated with groups passing each other in this steep terrain. This will provide a more relaxed experience. Additionally the different routes up and down will enhance visitor interest along with opportunities for developing intermediate nodes at strategic vantage-points with seating and interpretation.

Creation of a loop track is technically difficult and may not be possible in this steep, difficult terrain.

Why the 2000 Plan Requires Alteration

While, as indicated, the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 provides for the lookout track to be upgraded, the current zoning system severely limits the options the Parks and Wildlife Service may consider. As indicated in Map 2, the existing track occupies a narrow 100 metre wide corridor of land zoned for recreation, with the land either side of this zoned for conservation. The plan provides the ability to upgrade the track so long as it remains within this narrow recreation zone corridor, but expressly rules out new tracks in the conservation zone except in certain limited circumstances. Current investigations are demonstrating a high desirability for this restraint to be relaxed, but only in relation to the Wineglass Bay lookout track, and not in relation to other tracks in the park. These investigations have yet to be finalised, so the location of the proposed loop walk, as shown in Map 2, is still subject to some final adjustment.

The Project Assessment Pathway

Approval of this plan is not a sufficient step to ensure the Wineglass Bay lookout track project can proceed within the conservation zone. Other approval steps include a test for consistency with other statutory responsibilities held by the management authority.

Section 4.5 of the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 provides the current protocols for assessing development within the park required by the management authority. The assessment protocol firstly requires an assessment of the scale of the project, based on scale, public interest or the potential for substantial impact. Depending upon the outcome of this process the assessment process is either an internal process, or one that is made available for public comment.

It has been considered appropriate that the proposal for a new loop track to the lookout entering the conservation zone be regarded as a major project. Consequently, per Section 4.5 of the 2000 plan, a ‘development specific site plan’ has been prepared and made available for public comment for a period of thirty days minimum. This site plan has now been separately approved.


Section 4 Alterations to the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000

Purposes of Reservation and Objectives of Management

This plan is to alter the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000 in relation to the Middleton Creek Tinfield area and to allow for a new loop track to the Wineglass Bay lookout location. The purposes of reservation are those stated in the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000, page nine. The management objectives to apply within the plan area are those stated in the Freycinet National Park, Wye River State Reserve Management Plan 2000, page nine, together with specific objectives as stated on page 10.

Text Changes

Page 52, Table 2 In Table 2 the seventh entry in the Conservation Zone column which reads: ‘No new tracks’

is to be replaced by: ‘No new tracks apart from a new loop track to the Wineglass Bay lookout’

Page 53, column 2 The following sentence under Conservation Zone, Policies: • ‘Except for safety, environmental or heritage protection, water supply links

from the former tin mines to Coles Bay water supply, and fire management, new structures or any other type of development (including new tracks) will not be allowed.’

is to be replaced by: • ‘New structures or any other type of development (including new tracks) will

not be allowed, apart from the following exceptions: - a new track to the Wineglass Bay lookout, being a loop track if

technically feasible, - additional water supply capacity at the former tin mines, - water supply links and associated pumping equipment to

connect the former tin mines to Coles Bay water supply, and - works associated with the proper maintenance of this water

supply and/or capacity, and - in circumstances of safety, environmental or heritage

protection, or for fire management.’


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