MANAGEMENT OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS RLDC’s MANAGEMENT.

MANAGEMENT OF

LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Territorial Jurisdiction:

Five Regions In Country: Northern Southern Eastern Western North – Eastern

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Operating Agency:

- A Govt. Company or any Authority or Corporation established under Central Act.

- Presently responsibility entrusted to :

Central Transmission Utility - POWERGRID

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Challenges:

Frequent Grid Disturbances / Blackouts Wide Frequency / Voltage excursions Transmission Bottlenecks Sub-Optimal Operation Stressed Equipments and Operators

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC Responsibilities:

- Efficient, Economical and Integrated transmission and supply of Electricity

- Co-ordination of facilities for inter-state, regional and inter-regional generation and transmission of electricity

- Apex body to ensure integrated operation of Power System in the concerned region

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Co-ordination Functions:

- Merit Order Operation

- Resource Scheduling

- Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional transactions

- Transmission corridor usage allocation and loss optimization

- Scheduling Co-ordination

- Keeping accounts of electricity transmitted through regional grid

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Real Time Functions:

- System security and integrity

- Facilitating inter-state and inter-regional spot trading

- Load-Generation balance and maintenance of system parameters

- State estimation and contingency evaluation

- System contingency handling and revival

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Real Time Operation : Strengths Simple, but effective tools Holistic approach rather than relying only on

elaborate codified procedures Co-operative Culture

Real Time Operation stands on two firm footingsReal Time Operation stands on two firm footings IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODEIEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFFABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC)

SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE ADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTS CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS Encompasses:

- Planning Code for Inter State Transmission

- Connection Conditions - Operating Code for Regional Grids - Scheduling and Dispatch Code

- Management of Indian Electricity

Grid Code

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Availability Based Tariff

A Rational Tariff Structure Complements Grid Reliability Encourage Those Who Help The Grid and

Discourage Those Who Undermine Reliability Simple and Effective Scientific Settlement System on Weekly Basis

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Availability Based Tariff : Price Mechanism

Fixed Cost : Plant Availability

Variable Cost : Schedule Energy

Deviation : Unscheduled Interchange (UI)Attracting Frequency LinkedCharges

FREQUENCY vs UI PRICE

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

440

480

520

560

600

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FREQUENCY

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UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY

The Power Of UI: Linked To Frequency –

– Collectively Controlled, Democratically Stabilized– Known Online To All - Transparency

Simple – No Elaborate Calculation Required No Fear Of Price Rigging No Need For Negotiating Promotes Discipline Strong Nash Equilibrium Dovetails With Loose Power Pools Philosophy Platform For A POWER MARKET

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

THE POWER OF UI (Contd.):

UI Vector Sends The Signals For – Optimization In The Control Area– Realistic Load-Generation Planning– Trade, Bilateral and Contracts

Indian Equivalent of The Spot and Balancing Market

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

GRID CONTINGENCIES

AND

SYSTEM RESTORATION

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Power System Network:- Demarcation of Grids

In India is on Regional basis

- Maximum area which could be affected in the event of a disturbance is thewhole region

SYSTEM RESTORATION

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Last Blackout In NR:

- Date: 2nd January 2001- System Affected: Whole

Region (19,800 MW)- Time of Disturbance:

04:44 / 02.01.2001- Time of Restoration :

13:32 / 02.01.2001

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Last Blackout In WR:- Date: 30th July 2002- System Affected: Whole

Region except parts ofMumbai (21,500 MW)

- Time of Disturbance: 20:11 / 30.07.2002

- Time of Restoration : 19:00 / 31.07.2002

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Last Blackout In ER:- Date: 25th July 2000- System Affected: Whole

Region (7,300 MW)- Time of Disturbance:

21:11 / 25.07.2000- Time of Restoration :

07:00 / 26.07.2000

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Last Blackout In SR:- Date: 23rd January 2002- System Affected: 50 %

Area (10,000 MW)- Time of Disturbance:

12:49 / 23.01.2002

- Time of Restoration :

19:56 / 23.01.2002

Vital Elements:

MEN EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE

Preparedness of the threeVital Elements is the key for Successful Restoration

SYSTEM RESTORATION

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Regional Specific Procedures:

A detailed Black Start procedure exists for each Region

taking into consideration following Regional specific requirements:

- Generation composition

- Load Spread

- Network Configuration

- Black Start Avenues

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Black Start Philosophy:

- Simultaneous Revival from different corners

- Agreed Norms for Inter-Regional assistance

- Use of well identified Black Start Avenues

- Priority to revival over any commercial aspects

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Black Start Philosophy (Contd.): Empowerment Of System Operators Synergistic Confluence Of Procedures and

Operator Judgment Right Person In Right Place Holistic Approach

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Real Time Controls:

- Identified priorities for load build-up

- Load – Generation Balance

- Redundancy Build – up

- RLDC to act as Nodal agency

SYSTEM RESTORATION

Reliability Criteria:

- Mock exercises / Dry run tests- Workshops / Refresher courses on Black Start

Procedures: A must for each grid operator- Wide circulation of Black Start Document- Review of System Restoration Procedure

(Annual Feature)

Pitfalls To Avoid: Focus On Process Rather Than The Goal Pervasive Automation Commercial Transactions Overriding Reliability

Issues Tight Control Of Parameters Complex Control Hierarchy

– Everyone Is Connected – …………………..No One Is In Control

SYSTEM RESTORATION

THANK

YOU

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Identified Priorities for Load Build-up

- Start-up power to thermal units

- Supply to Emergency Loads

- Supply to Electric Traction

- Supply to Strategic installations / areas

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Load Generation Balance

A continuous exercise is on to identify the actual generation build-up and the load is accordingly adjusted

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Redundancy Build-up

While building-up the network due care is also taken to build-up the backup path so that the whole restoration exercise is not jeopardized in the event of tripping of a transmission circuit(s)

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

RLDC as Nodal Agency

Throughout the restoration procedure RLDCs act as the nodal agency so as to:- incorporate any deviations in real time in

the event of any contingency- issues necessary instructions for fast build up of the system in real time- integrate the different built-up sub-systems

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Simultaneous Revival From Different Corners

For instance, for revival,

Northern Region is

demarcated into four

sub-systems.

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Agreed Norms for

Inter-Regional

Assistance

During Black Start,

assistance on Inter-

Regional links is

extended on priority

RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Black Start Avenues

Hydro

Thermal

Gas

•Hydro Generating Units

•Gas Turbines

•Thermal Stations (close to sources of startup power)

Hydro

RamjitDRN. BY

B.B.M.B. - DELHI SUBSYSTEM (PART-1): START-UP SEQUENCE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

NARELA

DADRI (T)

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400 kVAGRA

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RLDC’s MANAGEMENT

Revival vis-à-vis Commercial Aspects

During system disturbance and revival the restoration considerations get all

importance commercial contracts get least priority /

suspended

NORTHERN REGION

AREA 889,000 SQ. KMS.

POPULATION 307 MILLION

PEAK DEMAND 24,000 MW

480 MU / DAY

STATES AFFECTED PUNJAB, HARYANA,

RAJASTHAN, DELHI, UP,

J & K, UT CHANDIGARH

RLDC LOCATION NEW DELHI

SYSTEM RESTORATION SEQUENCE

DETAILS

RESTORATION SEQUENCE ON 02-01-2001(Western U.P.)

06:26 Auraiya GPS GT#3 self started.

06:55 220 kV Auraiya-Phaphund D/C charged to extend supply to Railway Traction.

07:43 Auraiya GPS GT#1 Synchronised.

07:55 Supply extended to Agra (tripped at 08:30 hrs) due to load generation imbalance.

10:29 Supply again extended to Agra (Tripped at 10:48 hrs) due to load generation imbalance

11:00 Auraiya GPS GT# 1 & GT#3 tripped on under frequency.

11:33 Railway supply restored by charging 220 kV Auraiya-Phaphund line.

RESTORATION SEQUENCE ON 02-01-2001(Eastern U.P.)

04:44 Time of disturbance.

05:10 Start-up extended to Singrauli from WR (over AC bypass link.

05:20 Supply extended to Mugalsarai-Pahara section of Northern Railway from Bihar (ER)

05:58 400 kV Singrauli-Rihand-I Charged to extend start-up to Rihand

06:15 Supply extended to Pahara-Kanwar section of Northern Railway from 220 kV Allahabad sub-station.

06:32 400 kV Vindhyachal-Kanpur line charged.

06:58 Srart-up power extended to Unchahar TPS from Kanpur.

07:10 Supply extended to Kanwar-Jhinjjak section of Northern Railway from 220 kV Panki sub-station.

09:11 Singrauli 500 MW unit # 6.synchronised.

09:54 Rihand 500 MW unit #1.synchronised.

RESTORATION SEQUENCE IN NR ON 02-01-2001 (Delhi-BBMB system.)

05:05 Attempt (unsuccessful) to self start unit at Bhakra(R)

06:15 Unit self started at Bhakra (L) and power extended to Ganguwal.

06:30 Power extended to Jamalpur (Punjab)

06:53 Power extended to Dhulkote (Haryana)

06:55 Power extended to UT Chandigarh

07:07 Power extended to Panipat.

07:28 400 kV Panipat-Dadri charged but tripped on over voltage.

07:56 Power extended to Kurukshetra.

08:37 Power extended to Narela (Delhi)

08:47 Power extended to 400 kV Dadri from Panipat.

09:08 Power extended to 400 kV Ballabhgarh.

09:19 Gas turbine at Dadri(Gas) synchronised.

09:54 Power extended to 400 kV Mandola (Delhi)

10:17 Whole system collapsed due to load generation imbalance.

10:33 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started but desynchronised at 10:46 hrs.

10:47 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started but desynchronised at 10:52 hrs.

11:00 Unit at Bhakra (R) self started and power extended to Ganguwal.

11:09 Power extended to Dhulkote.

11:11 Power extended to Chandigarh.

11:14 Power extended to Panipat.

11:25 Power extended to Panipat (T).

11:30 Power extended to Kurukshetra.

11:42 Power extended to Pong.

11:55 Power extended to Sangrur and Barnala.

12:25 Power extended to Narela (Delhi).

12:37 Power extended to Baira suil from Pong.

13:05 Power extended to 220 kV Ballabhgarh.

13:08 Power extended to BTPS from Ballabhgarh.

13:32 Eastern U.P. and BBMB system synchronised through 400/220 kV ICT at Ballabhgarh.

RESTORATION SEQUENCE IN NR ON 02-01-2001 (Delhi-BBMB system.) (Contd.)

RESTORATION SEQUENCES ON 02.01.2001(Rajasthan)

04:46 Start-up power availed at R.P. Sagar from Gandhi Sagar Hydro Power Station (M.P).

05:00 Unit # 4 started at TPS.

05:38 GT # 2 started at Anta GPS.

05:47 Supply extended to Railway traction stations and Swaimadhopur.

05:52 Supply extended to Jawahar Sagar Hydro Power Station.

06:05 RAPS-A which was successfully islanded was synchronised to WR Grid through Modak-Ujjain line.

06:42 Power supply extended to Jaipur city.

07:55 Power supply extended to Railway Traction around Gangapur city.

11:15 Kota TPS unit # 2 synchronised.

14:18 Rajasthan system synchronised with BBMB system.

SOUTHERN REGION



PEAK DEMAND 18,500MW

370 MU / DAY

STATES AFFECTED AP, KARNATAKA

KERELA, TAMIL NADU

PONDICHERY

RLDC LOCATION BANGALORE

EASTERN REGION



PEAK DEMAND 7000MW

130MU / DAY

STATES AFFECTED BIHAR, WEST BENGAL, ORISSA, SIKKIM, JHARKHAND

RLDC LOCATION CALCUTTA

WESTERN REGION



PEAK DEMAND 20,000MW

415MU / DAY

STATES AFFECTED GUJARAT, GOA, MP,

MAHARASHTRA, DADRA &

NAGAR HAVELI, DAMAN &

DIU, CHHATTISGARH

RLDC LOCATION MUMBAI

POWER FROM BHAKRA & SELF STARTING HYDROS

IMPORT FROM ER (SASARAM)`

IMPORT FROM WR (VINDHYACHAL BYE PASS)

SELF STARTING OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINES

MANAGEMENT OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS RLDC’s MANAGEMENT.

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Transcript of MANAGEMENT OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS RLDC’s MANAGEMENT.