Management of early rectal cancer: any role for adjuvant ... · RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE...
Transcript of Management of early rectal cancer: any role for adjuvant ... · RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE...
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ESMO Preceptorship Programme
Management of early rectal cancer: any role for adjuvant chemotherapy?
Andrés Cervantes
Colorectal Cancer – Valencia – 12,13 May 2017
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ESMO PRECEPTORSHIP PROGRAM
Disclosures
Consulting and advisory services, speaking or writing engagements,
public presenations:
Servier, Merck Serono, Amgen, Roche, Lilly, Bayer, Novartiis, Takeda, Beigene
Direct research support to the responsible project lead:
Servier, Roche, Genentech, Bayer, Janssen, Merck Serono, Medimmune
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• TME surgery
• Optimal staging by MRI
• Pathological assessment of the quality of surgery
• Preoperative radiation or chemoradiation
• Integration of knowledge in a multidisciplinary team approach
• Selective approach for preoperative treatment
CURRENTS CONCEPTS IN RECTAL CANCER
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY
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• MRI Staging
• MDT discussion
• Preoperative treatment if indicated
• TME Surgical resection
• Pathology assessment and estimation of risk
• Postoperative chemotherapy if indicated
CURRENT APPROACH TO RECTAL CANCER
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INDICATIONS FOR PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT IN
RECTAL CANCER ACCORDING TO MRI STAGING
TUMOR CARACHTERISTICS T1-T2 T3a-b T3c-d
MRF negative
T4a
UPPER THIRD
10-15 CM
Not
Required
Not
Required
RT 5x5 RT 5x5
MEDIUM THIRD
5-10
Not
Required
Not
Required
Vs RT 5x5
RT 5x5 RT 5x5
LOWER THIRD
0-5
Not
Required
Vs RT 5x5
RT 5x5 RT 5x5 RT 5x5
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INDICATIONS FOR PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT IN
RECTAL CANCER ACCORDING TO MRI STAGING
TUMOR
CARACHTERISTICS
T4b N1 N2 MRF + Lateral
Nodes
EMVI+
UPPER THIRD
10-15 CM
RT 5x5
Vs CHRT
Not
Required
RT 5x5 CHRT CHRT CHRT
MEDIUM THIRD
5-10
RT 5x5
Vs CHRT
Not
Required
Vs RT 5x5
RT 5x5 CHRT CHRT CHRT
LOWER THIRD
0-5
RT 5x5
Vs CHRT
RT 5x5 RT 5x5 CHRT CHRT CHRT
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THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
IF NO PREOPERATIVE CHRT OR RT IS GIVEN…
• American Intergroup data
• Quasar data
• Japanese Society of Colon and Rectal Meta-analysis on individual data
• Cochrane Meta-analysis on individual data
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THE ROLE OF SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED RECTAL
CANCER:
Gunderson et al. J Clin Oncol 2004
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
The American Intergroup* Pooled Analysis
* NSABP, NCCTG and US-GI Intergroup
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THE ROLE OF SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED RECTAL
CANCER:
The QUASAR Collaborative Group. Lancet 2007; 370:2020.
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
The QUASAR TRIAL
UK QUASAR uncertain indication trial
Approx 30% rectal.
5yr survival 5 yr recurrence
Chemo No chemo
P-value Chemo No chemo
P-value
Whole cohort 80.3% 77.4% 0.02 22.2% 26.2%, 0.001
Rectal subgroup p=0.05 19.6% 26.8%, 0.005
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2012
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
The Cochrane Meta-analysis
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Petersen et al, Cochrane Data Base of Systenatic Rev 2012; CD004078
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Petersen et al, Cochrane Data Base of Systenatic Rev 2012; CD004078
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THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
IF PREOPERATIVE CHRT OR RT 5x5 IS GIVEN…
• Chronicle trial/Proctor/Script trial
• Meta-analysis on single patient data of 4 trials
• Adore trial
• CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial
• PETACC 6 trial
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Breugom et al, Ann Oncol 2015; 26:696-701
PROCTOR/SCRIPT TRIAL: ASSESSING THE VALUE OF
ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF
RECTAL CANCER AFTER PREOPERATIVE
CHEMORADIATION OR 5X5 RADIATION
• Target population 840 pts
• Primary end point: OS at 5 years improved from 60 to 70%
• Accrued nr. Patients 437 over 14 years
• Underpowered to detect any potential benefit of Chemotherapy
• 5 year OS for observation: 79.2%
• 5 year OS for adj therapy: 80.4%
• HR for DFS: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.60-1.07; p:0.13)
• HR for OS: 0.93 (95%CI: 0.61-1.29; p:0.73)
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THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
A single patient data Meta-analysis of 4 RCTs
Breugom AJ et al, Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:200-207
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Adding Oxaliplatin to 5-FU based adjuvant
therapy in localised colon/rectal cancer
Trial N Control Exp. Stage DFS HR
P value
OS HR
P value
Absolute
Gain in OS
G3
Neuro
Tox
MOSAIC1 2246 FULV2 FOLFOX4 II/III 0.80
0.003
0.84
0.046
4,2% at 6 y
stage III
12%
NSABP-C072 2407 FULV
Roswell
FLOX II/III 0.80
0.0034
0.82
0.002
2,7 at 5 y
Stage III
8,2%
XELOXA3 1886 FULV
Mayo
CAPEOX III 0.80
0.0038
0.83
0.04
6 % at 7 y 11%
AIO044 1233 FU mFOLFOX6 II/III 0.79
0.030
0.96
NS
0.7 at 3 y 9%
NSABP R045 1284 FU/Cap
e
+ Oxali II/III 0.94 NS 0.94 NS NR 6%
PETACC66 898 Cape + Oxali II/III 1.04 NS NR NR 8%
1André T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2007; 27:3109-3116. 2Kuebler JP, et al. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2198-2204.3Schmoll HJ et al. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3733-3740. 4Roedel C et al. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:979-989. 5Allegra CJ et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107: pii: djv248.
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Hong YS et al. Lancet Oncol 2014
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
THE ADORE TRIAL
BOLUS 5FU-LV
Mayo Clinic Schedule
FOLFOX
Rectal Cancer
patients who
completed
preoperative
Long course
chemoradiation
and Surgery with
free margins
ypT3-4N0
or
anyTN1-2
1:1 Randomization
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Hong YS et al. Lancet Oncol 2014
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE WE HAVE?
THE ADORE TRIAL
• No observational arm
• Randomised phase II trial 80% Power
• Unilateral hypothesis
• Target population 320 pts
• Primary end point: DFS at 3 years improved by
8% from 70 to 78%
• Accrued nr. Patients 322 over 3.5 years
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ADORE TRIAL: ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN STAGE II/III RECTAL CANCER
AFTER PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION
DISEASE FREE AND OVERALL SURVIVAL
Hong YS et al. Lancet Oncol 2014
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George TG , et al. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep 2015; 11:275-280
DOWNSTAGING AFTER NEOADJUVANT
TREATMENT : NEOADJUVANT RECTAL SCORE
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NEOADJUVANT RECTAL SCORE
A SERIES OF 158 LOCALLY ADVANCED RECTAL CANCER
PATIENTS TREATED WITH CT-RT
Log Rang Test p: 0.004
(Mantel Cox)
Roselló S, et al. Manuscript submitted
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THE WAY FORWARD: THE PHASE III RADOMIZED RAPIDO TRIAL
PI: Prof. C. van de Velde
CRT with
CAPECITABINE
Week 1-6
5x5 RT
Week 1
MRI defined
Locally advanced
Rectal Cancer
patients
N=920
1:1 Randomization
SURGERY
Week12
Adjuvant
CT
OPTIONAL
Neoadjuvant XELOX x6
Week 3-16SURGERY
Week 24-28
DFS at 3 years improved by 10% from 50 to 60%
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Bujko K, et al. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:834-842
POLISH TRIAL: OVERALL SURVIVAL FAVORS PREOPERATIVE SCPRT + CHT
VERSUS PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION IN LACR
HR: 0.73 p: 0.046
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THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN LOCALISED
RECTAL CANCER: CONCLUSIONS
• Adjuvant Chemotherapy should be considered for patients at risk after direct surgery
• Adjuvant Chemotherapy (oxaliplatin based) should be given after neoadjuvantChemoradiation for patients at high risk
• Adjuvant Chemotherapy could be also selectively considered for locally advanced patients with intermediate response to Chemoradiation