Management of cirrhosis in HIV infected...
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Management of cirrhosis in HIV infected patients
Vincent Mallet, MD, PhD Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique –
Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm
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Figure 1 Causes of death in patients with HIV infection
Deepak Joshi , John O'Grady , Doug Dieterich , Brian Gazzard , Kosh Agarwal
Increasing burden of liver disease in patients with HIV infection The Lancet, Volume 377, Issue 9772, 2011, 1198 - 1209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62001-6
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Cirrhosis in the HIV-infected
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Cirrhosis in the HIV-infected
Other
ASH NASH
HAART
Viruses
Chronic •HBV ± HDV •VHC, VHE
Acute •HAV, HCV, HEV •HBV ± HDV •CMV, Toxoplasmosis, HSV, VZV, EBV
• Metabolic syndrome • Lipodystrophy • Alcohol • HCV • Mitochondrial toxicity
• Autoimmune hepatitis • Non-cirrhotic portal
hypertension
NRTI > NNRTI > PI > Entry inhibitors
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Natural History of chronic liver disease in HIV-infected patients
Normal liver Chronic liver disease
ESLD
No further progression
Not all patients have progressive disease
Cirrhosis
HCC
ASH/NASH Viruses Other
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The relation between alcohol and outcome from chronic HCV infection
60
46
57
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
HCV HCV/Alcohol Alcohol
Med
ian
age
at d
eath
, yr
Kim WR Hepatology 2001
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Alcohol and HIV/HCV: Interlaced Stories
Salmon-Ceron D J Hepatol 2005
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This is a key message
Alcohol is a major contributor to liver related (and unrelated) mortality in
HIV-infected patients
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Effect of abstinence from alcohol on survival of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Hepatology Research Volume 44, Issue 4, pages 436-449, 20 JUN 2013 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12131 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hepr.12131/full#hepr12131-fig-0003
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Provider Awareness of Alcohol
• HCV Negative – 23 (12%) of 186 drinkers were recognized by provider
• Kappa 0.07 • Sensitivity 12% (8% - 18%) • Specificity 94% (90% - 97%)
• HCV Positive – 29 (33%) of 88 drinkers were recognized by provider
• Kappa 0.28 • Sensitivity 33% (23% - 44%) • Specificity 91% (87% - 95%)
Conigliaro J JAIDS 2003
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REF 0.8
1.7
14.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
HIV1 NEGHBsAg NEG
HIV1 NEGHBsAg POS
HIV1 POSHBsAg NEG
HIV1 POSHBsAg POS
Liver mortality by HIV1/HBsAg status P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P=0.04
Thio CL, et al. Lancet. 2002:360:1921-26.
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Successful Hepatitis B Treatment Reduces Clinical Endpoints
• HBV suppression with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces risk of hepatic decompensation and HCC in pts with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis
Pts
With
Dis
ease
Pro
gres
sion
(%)
P = .001
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 18 12 6 0 36
n = 198
n = 173
n = 417 n = 385
n = 43
n = 122
24
Lamivudine
Placebo
Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Time to Disease Progression in Asians With CHB (Mos) Liaw YF, et al. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1521-1531.
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This is a key message
Treat HBV regardless of fibrosis
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The near futur… (expected for HCV POS/HIV NEG patients)
The Empiric Phase
The Phase of
Directly
Acting
Antivirals
The Final Phase
Small Molecule Combinations
The Refinement
Phase
•Optimal dosing •Viral kinetics •Challenging
populations •Nonresponders
2003 2011 2015-2017 1990
Weisberg IW, et al. Current Hepatitis Reports 2007;6:75-82.
You are Still here
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Survival Outcomes in Pts With CHC and F3/F4 disease With/Without SVR
Van der Meer AJ, et al. JAMA. 2012;308:2584-2593.
30
20
10
0 0
All-C
ause
M
orta
lity
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yrs
All-Cause Mortality P < .001
Without SVR
With SVR
Pts at Risk, n Without SVR With SVR
405 192
393 181
382 168
363 162
344 155
317 144
295 125
250 88
207 56
164 40
135 28
30
20
10
0 0
Live
r-R
elat
ed
Mor
talit
y or
Liv
er
Tran
spla
ntat
ion
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yrs
Liver-Related Mortality or Liver Transplantation
P < .001 Without SVR
With SVR
Pts at Risk, n Without SVR With SVR
405 192
392 181
380 168
358 162
334 155
305 144
277 125
229 88
187 56
146 40
119 28
30
20
10
0 0
Hep
atoc
ellu
lar
Car
cino
ma
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yrs
Hepatocellular Carcinoma P < .001
Without SVR
With SVR
Pts at Risk, n Without SVR With SVR
405 192
390 181
375 167
349 161
326 152
294 142
269 124
229 86
191 54
151 39
122 27
30
20
10
0 0
Live
r Fai
lure
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yrs
Liver Failure P < .001
Without SVR
With SVR
Pts at Risk, n Without SVR With SVR
405 192
384 180
361 166
337 160
314 152
288 141
259 123
216 88
184 56
143 40
113 28
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96 HCV patients METAVIR score F3-F4 Median FUP 118 months; IQR=86-138 months
10-year incidence of liver-related outcomes HCV POS/HIV NEG Patients with F3-F4 disease
Mallet et al. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(6):399-403
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51-year-old white female; HIV before 1987; No OI; HAART 1997; ATZ/TDF/FTC/RTV since 2008; 300-350 CD4 (23%); HIV RNA NEG; No metabolic syndrome; Alcohol 30 g/d
• HCV G1, SVR to PR in 2005 (Metavir F4) • March 2011: ALT N, PLT Nl, PT 90%, Bilirubin
86µmol/L, Alb N, US N, FT A3F4 (ATV), Fscan 8.6 kPa • October 2012: unique HCC (5 cm), partial portal vein
thrombosis, AFP 4859 UI • November 2012: uncontrolled metastatic disease,
AFP > 25.000 UI. Palliative care.
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This is a key message
Patients with cirrhosis should undergo regular surveillance for HCC,
irrespective of SVR… and of noninvasive tests
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Is this a simple case? • 42-year-old HIV-/HCV coinfected patient
• 12 units of alcohol per day
• 6-8 joints of marijuana per day
• Deep venous thrombosis 3 years earlier
• Refered for evaluation anti-HCV Rx
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FIB-4 index 0,97 FibroTest A2F3 (Total bilirubin 37
µmol / l) Fibroscan 4,9 Kpa (IQR 0.6)
• What is your interpretation? – a) Nil to mild fibrosis (Metavir F0-F2) – b) Extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis (Metavir F3-F4) – c) Other?
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FIB-4 index 0,97 FibroTest A2F3 (Total bilirubin 37
µmol / l) Fibroscan 4,9 Kpa (IQR 0.6)
Ultrasound Dysmorphic liver GI endoscopy Oesophageal varices
• What is your interpretation? – a) Nil to mild fibrosis (Metavir F0-F2) – b) Extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis (Metavir F3-F4) – c) Other?
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FIB-4 index 0,97 FibroTest A2F3 (Total bilirubin 37
µmol / l) Fibroscan 4,9 Kpa (IQR 0.6)
Ultrasound Dysmorphic liver GI endoscopy Oesophageal varices
Discordance = liver biopsy
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Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
Nodulation without fibrosis
Sinusoidal dilatation
Atrophic hepatic plates
Thickened hepatic plates
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NRH = vascular disease of the liver
Reshamwala, 2004
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This is a key message
Interlaced stories of chronic liver disease in HIV-infected patients
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Take home messages
• The neglected role of alcoholism • Viral suppression is an objective • Do not alleviate HCC surveillance, regardless of
SVR • Screen for esophageal varices • Search for other causes of chronic liver disease • First decompensation, including HCC = referral to
transplant center