Management of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Histology

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Management of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Histology Assoc. Prof. Gökhan Tulunay Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Diseases Teaching & Research Hospital‐Gynecologic Oncology Clinic

Transcript of Management of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Histology

Page 1: Management of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Histology

Management of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and Histology

Assoc. Prof. Gökhan TulunayEtlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Diseases Teaching & Research Hospital‐Gynecologic Oncology Clinic

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Universally accepted guideline for management of cytologic and histologic abnormalities doesn’t exist.  

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Cervical cancer screening

Cytology based European Guideline

Co‐testing (cytology and hrHPV DNA) ASCCP Guideline

Primary HPV screening  Turkish National Screening Program 

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New approaches

hrHPC DNA typing HPV 16 and HPV 18 subtyping p16 immunostaining of CIN2 for histologic specimen Really CIN2 exist or represent a mixture of CIN1 and CIN3 

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Primary HPV Screening

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Colposcopy after Pap smearEU Guideline

Cytologic abnormalities Cut‐off ≥ASCUS or ≥LSIL

Primary HPV screening  HPV 16 or 18 hrHPV+ and ≥ASCUS  

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Colposcopy after Pap smearASCCP Guideline

HPV+ ASC‐US LSIL ASC‐H HSIL  70‐75% CIN2‐3 in colposcopic biopsy or excisional specimen

AGC

“Immediate colposcopy for ASC‐US is no more an option”

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Different subgroups for managementASCCP Guideline

21‐24 y. women 30‐64 y. women ≥65 y. women

Pregnant women Postmenopausal women

Screened adolescant according to 21‐24 y. group

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Negative cytology and positive HPV test

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ASC‐US

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ASC‐US or LSIL (21‐24 years group)

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LSIL

77% HPV infection In ALTS study LSIL natural history approaces to HPV+ ASCUS

Similar management possible >30 y. HPV neg‐LSIL women KPNC data: CIN3+ risk as low as ASCUS

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LSIL

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LSIL in pregnancy

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ASC‐H

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ASC‐H and HSIL (21‐24 years group)

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HSIL

Risk relatively high 60% CIN2+ Risk increase with age >30 y. 5 year cancer risk 8% KPNC data at 5 year CIN3+ 50% and cancer 7%

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HSIL

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AGC, cytological AIS and benign glandular changes

AGC cytology more frequent in squamous lesions 50% CIN in AIS cases Endometrial cancer  HPV test is useless Probability high in older and high risk young women

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AGCInitial work‐up

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AGCSubsequent management

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Management of abnormal histology 

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CIN natural history

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Cervical cancer precursors

CIN grade Regression % Persistence % Progression toCIN3 %

Progression toinvasive cancer

%

CIN1 57 32 11 1

CIN2 43 35 22 5

CIN3 ‐ 56 ‐ 12

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Transformation zone types

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Management of CIN1 (European Guideline)

Satisfactory colposcopy Two options can be recommended Follow‐up (cytology at 12 and 24 m or hrHPV DNA at 12m) or treatment (recurrent CIN1)

Unsatisfactory colposcopy Excisional treatment (occult high‐grade disease)

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Unacceptable treatment for CIN1

See and treat

Local destruction procedure in unsatisfactory colposcopy

Hysterectomy as a primary treatment

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Management of CIN2‐3 (European Guideline)

Treatment is necessary

Excision is preferred

Recurrence or unsatisfactory colposcopy LLETZ or cold knife conisation

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Follow‐up after treatment of CIN

Regular follow‐up required

Frequency and duration of follow‐up related to Age: ≥40 persistence or recurrence ↑ Type of lesion: glandular lesion Grade: high‐grade Histology of excised margin (incomplete excision)

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Follow‐up after treatment of CIN

High‐grade (CIN2, CIN3, CGIN) 6, 12 and 24 m cytology Annualy for 5 years Routine screening interval

Low‐grade 6, 12 and 24 m cytology Routine screening interval

Most persistence/recurrence in 24 m

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Significance of involved margin

Negative excision margin associated with lower risk of residual disease

Endocervical margin involvement associated with higher risk than ectocervical margin

≥40 y, risk of persistence/recurrence ↑

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Management in other clinical situations EU Guideline

Pregnant women Adolescent women Post‐menopausal women Hysterectomised women Immunocompromised women Discrepancy between cytology, colposcopy and histology

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No lesion or CIN1 (lesser abnormalities)

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No lesion or CIN1 (ASC‐H or HSIL)

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No lesion or CIN1 (21‐24 years group)

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Biopsy‐confirmed CIN2 and 3

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Biopsy‐confirmed CIN2 and 3 in young women

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AIS management

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Treatment modalities

Office based Cheap  Fast  Minimal or no discomfort Curative Few or no side effect (bleeding, discomfort, stenosis) Must provide sufficient cytologic follow‐up

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Treatment modalities

Ablative Cryotherapy Electrocoagulation diathermy Cold coagulation CO2 laser ablation

Excisional  Diathermy loop excision Laser cone biopsy Cold conisation Hysterectomy

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