Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce...
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![Page 1: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce
Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule
Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Forestry, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
![Page 2: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Questions addressed:
•what is the natural spatial genetic structure in a virgin forest as a standard for evaluation of effects of management?
•how natural and artificial regeneration in commercial forests affect genetic structures and levels of genetic variation?
![Page 3: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Spatial genetic structure of a Norway spruce virgin forest
Object: National Nature Reserve Zadná Poľana, Central Slovakia (1,200-1,458 m a.s.l., Norway spruce virgin forest) transect 40 x 150 m, 200 trees sampled
Genetic analysis: 14 isozyme systems, 23 genesData analysis:
Relatedness: Bayesian approach (Brunel & Rodolphe 1985): P{Ai/(x, y)} = P{(x, y)/Ai}.P(Ai) / (∑i P{(x, y)/Ai}.P(Ai))
Spatial autocorrelation: Moran’s I for 15 distance classes with equal sample sizes
![Page 4: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
X Y Genotype frequency
observed expected
12.3
18.2
12.8
‑4.2
31.0
30.5
12.4
87.4
103.8
103.5
112.3
126.1
127.4
123.4
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
1.6092E‑10
7.7993E‑15
7.7993E‑15
5.1889E‑08
1.2831E‑12
1.2831E‑12
5.5114E‑08
Deviation of observed genotype frequencies from thoseexpected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
![Page 5: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clustering offamily groups
![Page 6: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Distribution of the percentage and numberof related pairs over 5 m distance classes
half sibs(one common parent)
full sibs(both parents common)
![Page 7: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Spatial autocorrelation of genotypes - distribution of Moran’s I-indices over distance classes with equal sample sizes
bars – number of significant Moran’s indices, line – average of I over all alleles
clonal groups pooled all trees
![Page 8: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Effects of the regeneration method on genetic structures of Norway spruce
Objects: 6 virgin forests (nature reserves) 4 naturally regenerated stands
4 stands established through reforestationGenetic analysis: 6 isozyme systems, 8 genesData analysis: genetic variation: allelic richness (mean number of alleles per locus
gene diversity (expected Hardy-Weinbergheterozygosity)genotype variation (observed heterozygosity)
genetic differentiation: genetic distances (Nei 1978)
![Page 9: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
allelic richness
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
n_a
virgin forests
naturally regenerated
reforested
![Page 10: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
gene diversity
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
H_e
virgin forests
naturally regenerated
reforested
![Page 11: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
heterozygosity
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
H_o
virgin forests
naturally regenerated
reforested
![Page 12: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
axis 1 (55.3 %)
axis
2 (
18.5
%)
virgin forests natural regeneration reforestation
genetic differentiation
![Page 13: Management implications of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation in Norway spruce Dušan Gömöry & Ladislav Paule Technical University in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f315503460f94c4d09b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusions:
Virgin forest• considerable deviation from HW proportions• spatial family structure• spatial clumping of genes
conclusion: equilibria and random distributions are not necessarily obligatory attributes of a natural state
Effects of management• no differences between natural forests and naturally regenerated commercial forests• decreased levels of the genetic variation in the forests originating from reforestation• increased differentiation in this group
possible consequences:• reduced effective population size• inbreeding in subsequent generation• reduced adaptability