PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENTSr. No. Chapter No. Chapter Heading

1 1 Management: Science, Theory and Practice (27th September 2010)2 4 Essentials of Planning and Managing by Objectives (4th Oct)3 5 Strategies, Policies and Planning Premises (11th Oct)4 6 Decision Making (18th Oct)

5 7 The Nature of Organizing, Entrepreneuring, and Reengineering (25th Oct)

6 8 Organization Structure: Departmentation (1st Nov)7 9 Line/ Staff Authority, Empowerment and Decentralization (15th Nov)8 10 Effective Organizing and Organization Culture (22nd Nov)9 14 Human Factors and Motivation

10 15 Leadership (20th Dec)11 16 Committees, Teams and Group Decision Making12 18 The System and Process of Controlling (29th Nov)

Sessional Evaluation External Evaluation15 15 20 50 50

Quiz per Class Assignment & Presentation Mid-term Total Sessional External Exam

Planning

Organ i z i ng

Leading

Con t r o l l i ng

Committees, Teams and Group Decision Making

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Chapter 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. THE NATURE OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS2. REASON FOR MAKING COMMITTEES AND GROUPS3. DISADVANTAGES AND MISUSE OF COMMITTEES4. SUCCESSFUL OPERATION OF COMMITTEES AND

GROUPS5. XADDITIONAL GROUP CONCEPTS6. TEAMS7. CONFLICTS IN COMMITTEES, GROUPS AND TEAMS

THE NATURE OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPSA. GROUP PROCESSES IN COMMITTES

There are four stages of group development; these may not be followed in sequence although.1. Forming: when the members of the group get to

know one another2. Storming: When the members of the group

determine the objective of the meeting and conflict arises

3. Norming: When the group agrees on norms and some rules of behavior

4. Performing: When the group gets down to the task People play certain roles in committees

Some are Information seekers, some are conveyers

THE NATURE OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS

Some encourage others to contribute; Some follow Some try to coordinate the group’s effort, or to achieve

a compromise in case of conflicts; some are aggressive The seating arrangements also give clues to the

social set up of the group The people who know each other, often sit next to each

other The chairperson usually sits on a head chair; in

modern setups the head chair is being removed, to promote equality

Listen to verbal communication, as well as non verbal cues is also important while interacting in groups

THE NATURE OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPSB. FUNCTIONS AND FORMALITY OF COMMITTES

AND GROUPS Managerial functions;

some committees carry out the managerial functions such as planning, staffing, leading, controlling etc, while others do not

Decision making roles; Some have the decision making authority; while other only

deliberate on the problems Recommendation function

Some have the authority to give recommendations to the managers; who may or may not accept them

Information functions: Some committees are designed to receive information only

THE NATURE OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS

Line or staff function: Plural executive: a line committee which also carries out

managerial functions, such as the board of directors Staff committee: a committee which has advisory

relationship to the superiors Formal or Informal;

Formal: established as a part of the organization structure; with delegation of authority and duties

Informal; established for group thinking or group decision on a particular problem; without delegation of authority.

Permanent or temporary; The committees (formal or informal) may be permanent or

temporary; depending upon the tasks or projects these are assigned for.

REASONS FOR USING COMMITTEES AND GROUPS:1. GROUP DELIBERATION AND JUDGEMENT:

Most of the problems faced in enterprise either related to finance, engineering or sales required more knowledge, experience and judgment than an individual possesses. The committees are more widely used for the reason of getting the advantage of group deliberation and judgment

2. FEAR OF TOO MUCH AUTHORITY IN A SINGLE PERSON

The committees however are also formed to eliminate the probability of giving too much authority in a single person; such as president’s decisions may be challenged in a law making committee ie Congress/ Parliament

REASONS FOR USING COMMITTEES AND GROUPS:3. REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTED

GROUPS: Such as selection of board of directors

4. COORDINATION OF DEPARTMENTS, PLANS AND POLICIES

5. TRANSMISSION AND SHARING OF INFORMATION

6. CONSOLIDATION OF AUTHORITY7. MOTIVATION THROUGH PARTICIPATION

DISADVANTAGES AND MISUSE OF COMMITTEES:1. They are costly2. They may result in compromises rather than an

optimal decision3. They may lead to indecision4. They can split responsibility5. They can lead to a situation in which a few persons

impose their will on the majority, not allowing the participation of other members

Committees should never be used as a replacement of a manager, for research study, for unimportant decisions and for decisions beyond the participants’ authority

SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS:The following are the guidelines useful for making the

committees successful1. AUTHORITY: The authority in terms of decision making,

making recommendations or merely deliberating the issue should be clearly identified

2. SIZE: A committee should be large enough to promote deliberation and include the breadth of expertise required for the job, but not so large as to waste time or foster indecision.

3. MEMBERSHIP: The members :1. Must represent the interests they are expected to serve2. Must posses the required authority3. Be able to perform in a group4. Should have the capacity of communicating well5. Should be able to reach conclusions by group thinking

SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS OF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS:4. SUBJECT MATTER:

The agenda should be selected carefully and distributed in advance

5. CHAIRPERSON The chairperson sets the tone of the meeting, integrates

the ideas, and keeps the discussions from wandering

6. MINUTES: Careful minutes should be taken and distributed amongst the participants before reaching a conclusion

7. COST-EFFECTIVENESS: The costs should be offset by tangible and intangible

benefits

TEAMS “A small number of people with

complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance, goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable”

Team building Self-managing teams Virtual teams

CONFLICTS IN COMMITTEES, GROUPS AND TEAMS Conflict may arise between individuals,

between groups and between the organization and its environment

They may be dealt by communicating the norms in advance

They may also be dealt by the leaders, with the styles varying in different situations