MAN PrimeServ Academy Holeby - MarEdu eClass STR… · MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby...
Transcript of MAN PrimeServ Academy Holeby - MarEdu eClass STR… · MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby...
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1 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The four stroke cycle
MAN PrimeServ Academy Holeby Technical Instructor: Stig S. Christensen
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2 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Learning objective
To understand the mechanical working processes in a four stroke diesel engine.
This course is to be used as a support to newly employed office staff with little or no knowledge of
diesel engines
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3 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The master..... CV
Full name: Rudolph Christian Karl Diesel
Born in Paris of Bavarian parents in 1858.
Mechanical engineer at the Technical University in Munich.
Became fascinated of thermodynamics and the maximum efficiency of the process.
Attempted to improve the existing thermal engines on the basis of purely theoretical
considerations.
First prototype engine was built in 1893, a year after he applied for his initial patent,
but it wasn't until the third prototype was built in 1897 that theory was put into
practice with the first Four Stroke 'Diesel' engine.
These four strokes are often named as the induction, compression, power and exhaust strokes.
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4 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Expressions being used..
Inlet valve Exhaust valve
Piston Cylinder
Crank shaft
Injection valve
Connecting rod
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5 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
When valves opens and closes
Theoretical, each strokes in the cycle complete at:
Top Dead Centre (TDC) or Bottom Dead Centre
(BDC).
However, in order to overcome:
1. Mechanical delays
2. The inertia of the new charge air
3. The velocity of the exhaust gases
Therefore - each of the strokes must begin and
end outside the 0, 180, 360, 540 and 720 (0)
degree crank positions
Inlet Comp. Power Exhaust
TDC
BDC
Inlet opens Exhaust closes
Exhaust opens
Inlet closes
Power stroke
Induction stroke
Exhaust stroke
Compression
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6 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
First stroke..... The induction
Induction Stroke
The induction (Inlet) stroke in a Diesel engine is used to draw in a new
volume of charge air into the cylinder.
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7 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Valve diagram – Induction or Inlet
Inlet open
Inlet close
Induction stroke
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8 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Second stroke.....the compression
Compression Stroke
The compression stroke begins as the inlet valve closes and the piston is
driven upwards in the cylinder bore by the momentum of the crankshaft
and flywheel.
Temperature 500-750 °C
Pressure will be 55-200 bar
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9 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The compression stroke
Compression
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10 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The ignition takes place.....
Compression Ignition
Compression ignition takes place when the fuel from the high pressure
fuel injector ignites in the cylinder.
Combustion temp. will reach 1600°C
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11 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Third stroke..... The power stroke
Power Stroke
The power stroke begins when the injected fuel ignites with the air in the
cylinder.
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12 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The power stroke – no valve is open
Power stroke
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13 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Fourth stroke.....exhaust stroke
Exhaust Stroke
The exhaust stroke is as critical to the smooth and efficient operation of
the engine as that of induction.
Temperature is dropped to 400-450°C
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The exhaust stroke
Exhaust stroke
Exhaust opens
Exhaust closes
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15 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Four and a half stroke.....
Exhaust and Inlet Valve Overlap
Exhaust and inlet valve overlap is the transition between the exhaust and
inlet strokes and is necessary for the efficient running of any combustion
engine
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16 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Overlapping stroke.....
Inlet opens Exhaust closes
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17 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
The working cycle....
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18 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
All data provided in this document is non-binding.
This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in
any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant
data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined
individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics
of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions.
Disclaimer
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19 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013
Do you have any more questions?
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20 < > MAN Diesel & Turbo Stig Sønderby Christensen The four stroke cycle 20.11.2013