MAN-MACHINE COMUNICATIO

N:

CONTROLS :* TRANSMIT INPUTS TO A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT AND * TRANSMIT INPUTS TO A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT AND

THEY ARE USUALLY OPERATED BY HAND OR FOOT.THEY ARE USUALLY OPERATED BY HAND OR FOOT.

1940’s1940’sandand

1950’s1950’s

““Knobs Knobs and dials and dials era”era”

activators

Control actions:1.1.Active or shut down Active or shut down equipment.equipment.

2.2.Make a “discrete Make a “discrete setting”.setting”.

3.3.Make a “quantitative Make a “quantitative setting”.setting”.

4.4.Apply “continuous Apply “continuous control”control”

Types of control

●●DISCRETEDISCRETE●●CONTINUOUSCONTINUOUS

DISCRETEDISCRETE

1 .Activation 1 .Activation 2. Data Entry 2. Data Entry 3. Setting 3. Setting

CONTINUOUSCONTINUOUS

1.Quantitative setting2.Continuous control

CONTROL SELECTIONCONTROL

SELECTION❶❶The type of control shall be compatible with The type of control shall be compatible with stereotypical or common expectations.stereotypical or common expectations.❷ ❷ Size and motion characteristics of control shall Size and motion characteristics of control shall be compatible with stereotypical experience and be compatible with stereotypical experience and past practice past practice ❸ ❸ The direction of operation of a control shall be The direction of operation of a control shall be compatible with stereotypical or common compatible with stereotypical or common expectations.expectations.❹ ❹ Operations requiring fine control and small Operations requiring fine control and small forces shall be done with the hands, while gross forces shall be done with the hands, while gross adjustments and large forces are usually exerted adjustments and large forces are usually exerted with the feet.with the feet.❺ ❺ The control shall be safe in that it will not be The control shall be safe in that it will not be operated inadvertently or operated in false or operated inadvertently or operated in false or excessive ways.excessive ways.

Compatibility of control-machine

movement

Direction of control movementsDirection of control movements

EffectEffect UpUp RightRightForward Forward

ClockwiseClockwise Press Press DownDown LeftLeft BackBackCounter Counter clockwise clockwise PullPull PushPush

OnOn 11 11 11 11 22 11

OffOff 11 22 11 22

RightRight 11 22

LeftLeft 11 22

RaiseRaise 11

LowerLower 22 11

RetractRetract 22 22

ExtendExtend 11 22 22

IncreaseIncrease 22 22 11 22

DecreaseDecrease 22 22 22

Open Open

valvesvalves 11

Close Close

valvesvalves 11

Legend: Legend: 1 1 means most preferred, means most preferred, 22 less preferred. less preferred.

Control actuation force or torque

11 One dimensional steering One dimensional steering 2 2 Two dimensional steeringTwo dimensional steering3 3 Primary vehicle brakingPrimary vehicle braking4 4 Primary vehicle Primary vehicle accelerationacceleration5 5 Selection of a transmission Selection of a transmission

geargear6 6 ValvesValves7 7 Selection of one operating Selection of one operating

modesmodes

Arrangement & grouping of controls

Arrangement & grouping of controlsLOCATE FOR EASE OF OPERATION LOCATE FOR EASE OF OPERATION

PRIMARY CONTROLS FIRSTPRIMARY CONTROLS FIRSTGROUP RELATED CONTROLS GROUP RELATED CONTROLS

TOGETHERTOGETHERARRANGE FOR SEQUENTIAL ARRANGE FOR SEQUENTIAL

OPERATIONOPERATIONBE CONSISTENTBE CONSISTENT

DEAD-MAN CONTROLDEAD-MAN CONTROLGUARD AGAINST ACCIDENTAL GUARD AGAINST ACCIDENTAL

ACTIVATIONACTIVATIONPACK TIGHTLY, BUT DO NOT CROWDPACK TIGHTLY, BUT DO NOT CROWD

FACTORS IMPORTANT IN CONTROL

DESIGN

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKCONTROL CONTROL

RESISTANTRESISTANTSIZESIZE

WEIGHTWEIGHTTEXTURETEXTURECODINGCODING

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK

CONTROL CONTROL RESISTANCERESISTANCECONTROL CONTROL RESISTANCERESISTANCE

SIZESIZESIZESIZE

WEIGHTWEIGHTWEIGHTWEIGHT

TEXTURETEXTURETEXTURETEXTURE

0 0 SHAPESHAPE0 0 SIZESIZE0 0 TEXTURETEXTURE0 0 COLOURCOLOUR0 0 LOCATIONLOCATION0 0 LABELINGLABELING 0 0 MODE OF OPERATIONMODE OF OPERATION0 0 REDUNDANCYREDUNDANCY