Mammals. Cats, whales, moles, bats, horse, people, platypus, kangaroos.
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Transcript of Mammals. Cats, whales, moles, bats, horse, people, platypus, kangaroos.
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Mammals
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Cats, whales, moles, bats, horse, people, platypus, kangaroos
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Many have scent glands that are used for marking territories or defense
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Specialized teeth which are replaced only once in a lifetime
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Most have sweat glands and sebaceous (fat secreting) glands
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Highly developed brain and nervous system
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3 middle ear bonesexternal ear flaps called pinnae
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Smallest: a bat weighing .05 oz
Pigmy shrew Hognose bat
(aka bumblebee bat)
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Largest: BlueWhale
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Three subclasses
• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Placentals
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Monotremes:• egg laying mammals
• no nipple to nurse from• leathery egg shells
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Name (Monotreme) means “one opening” for a cloaca (urinary and reproductive opening is the same)
left and right side of brain are not connected. Don’t have
actual teeth-grind food with flat plates
Echidna -puggle
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Have a 6th sense in their bill: can detect small electrical currents
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Marsupials•Offspring born prematurely•Baby crawls to mother’s mammary gland in a •pouch•Finishes gestation at the mother’s teat
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•Left and right side of brain are not connected•Epibubic bones are usually present•Right aortic arch is absent and red blood cells lack nuclei•Herbivores
BandicootKoala Wombat
Tasmanian Devil
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Live primarily in Australia, Tasmania, and New guinea
In U.S. : opossum
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Placentals•entire gestation is inside the mother•embryo is fed from the mothers body
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16 Orders- These are a fewChiroptera: Bats
CarnivoreArtiodactyla
RodentiaCetaceans
SireniaProboscidea
PrimatesDermoptera (gliding lemurs)
PerissodactylaInsectivoresEdentates
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Chiroptera: Bats• second largest order of mammals•wide variety of teeth – based on diet•examples: fruit bat, vampire bat•only flying mammals
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fly at speeds up to 65 km/hr
See by echo location
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Carnivore•All eat meat•On top of the food chain•Examples: lions, tiger, bears, wolves, cheetah •Pacific northwest is carnivore territory•learned to adjust to human presence
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Artiodactyla•examples: antelope, deer•fast running•all have even number of toes•each toe encased in a horny hoof•all are herbivores
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Rodentia•includes beavers, chipmunks, mice, porcupines, squirrel•produce large litters each year•large incisors that continue to grow though out life•largest order of mammals and most successful•most are omnivores
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Cetaceans•all must come out of water to breathe•Use echo-location to navigate and communicate•Includes whales, dolphins and porpoises
longest flippers: humpback whale
fastest: bull Orca
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Cetaceans con’tsmallest: dolphins and porpoises largest: whales
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narwhal has the biggest teeth
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sperm whale dives the deepest
heaviest brain: sperm whale
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A group of these is called a pod
blowholes identify them
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Sirenia•means mermaid-like appearance (inspired by manatess when seen from ships)•examples: manatees and dugong•herbivores•small bones•live entire life in water•endangered
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Proboscidea•elephants •extinct: mammoths and mastodons•largest land animals•trunks for spraying water, carrying food, smelling, lifting, •tusks are extra long incisors on upper jaw•large ears
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Primates•example: humans, apes, monkeys•all have opposable thumbs•binocular vision with eyes facing forward•usually no more than three offspring per year•visual acuity and color perception
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Dermoptera (gliding lemurs)•membrane from neck to fore paws to back feet to tail•don’t fly – they glide from tree to tree•live in trees•diet is fruit and leaves•nocturnal•endangered•also called colugo
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Perissodactyla•examples: horse, zebra, rhinoceroses, tapirs•all have an odd number of toes•herbivores•grazing animals•flat teeth•rudiment stomach for digesting cellulose (4 stomaches)
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Insectivores•moles and shrews•all eat ONLY insects
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Edentates•giant anteaters, armadillos and tree sloths•have NO teeth but still feed on insects