Malolos consti

7/28/2019 Malolos consti

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MALOLOS CONSTITUTION POLITICALCONSTITUTION

We, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfullyconvened, in order to establish justice, provide forcommon defense, promote the general welfare, andinsure the benefits of liberty, imploring the aid of the

Sovereign legislator of the Universe for the attainment ofthese ends, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned thefollowing:

POLITICAL CONSTITUTION

TITLE I

Of the Republic

ARTICLE 1

The political association of all the Filipinos constitutes anation, whose states is called the Philippine Republic.

ARTICLE 2

The Philippine Republic is free and independent.

ARTICLE 3

Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.

TITLE II

Of the government

ARTICLE 4

The Government of the Republic is popular,representative, alternative, and responsible, and isexercised by three distinct powers, called the legislature,the executive, and the judicial.

Two or more of these powers shall never be vested inone person or corporation; neither shall the legislativepower be intrusted to a single individual.


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ARTICLE 9

No Filipino shall be imprisoned except by virtue of a writissued by a competent judge.

The decree under which the writ is issue shall be ratified

or confirmed, the presumed criminal having been heard,within the seventy-two hours following the act ofcommitment.

ARTICLE 10

No person shall enter the domicile of a Filipino orforeigner residing in the Philippine Islands without hisconsent, except in urgent cases of fire, flood,

earthquake, or other similar danger, or of unlawfulaggression proceeding from within, or in order to assist aperson within calling for help.

Outside of these cases, the entrance into the domicil of a

Filipino or foreigner residing in the Philippine Islands, andthe searching of his papers or effects, can only bedecreed by a competent judge and executed in thedaytime.

The searching of these papers and effects shall alwaysbe done in presence of the interested party or of amember of his family, and, in their absence, of twowitnesses residing in the same town ( pueblo).

However, if an offender found in flagrante and pursuedby the authorities or their agents should take refuge inhis domicil, these may enter the same, but only for thepurpose of his apprehension

If he should take refuge in the domicil of another,request should first be made of the latter.

ARTICLE 11

No Filipino shall be compelled to change his domicil orresidence except by virtue of a final judgment.

ARTICLE 12

In no case can correspondence confined to the post-office be detained or opened by government authorities,nor can those made by telegraph or telephone bedetained.

But, by virtue of a decree by a competent judge, anycorrespondence can be detained and that carriedthrough the mails may also be opened in the presence ofthe accused.

ARTICLE 13

All decrees of imprisonment, for the search of domicil, orfor the detention of correspondence, whether written,telegraphic, or by telephone, shall be for cause.

If the decree should lack this requisite, or if the causeson which it may be founded are judicially declaredunlawful or manifestly insufficient, the person who may

have been detained, shall have the right to demand theliabilities which ensue.

ARTICLE 14

No Filipino shall be prosecuted or sentenced except by ajudge or tribunal, who, by virtue of the laws in forceprior to the commission of the crime, has jurisdiction totake cognizance of the same, and in the form which the

latter prescribed.

ARTICLE 15

Outside of the cases prescribed in this Constitution, allpersons detained or imprisoned without the legalformalities shall be discharged upon their own petition orthat of any Filipino.

The laws shall determine the form if proceedingsummarily in this case, as well as the personal andpecuniary liabilities incurred by the person who mayorder, execute, or cause to be execute, the illegaldetention or imprisonment.

ARTICLE 16

No person shall be deprived temporarily or permanentlyof his property or rights, or disturbed in his possession,except by virtue of a judicial sentence.

Those functionaries who, under any pretext, shouldinfringe this provision, shall be personally responsible forthe damage caused.

ARTICLE 17

No person shall be deprived of his property except byreason of public necessity and welfare, previously

justified and declared by the proper authority, and afterpaying indemnity to the owner prior to the act of

expropriation.

ARTICLE 18

No person shall be obliged to pay any tax which has not

been voted upon by the Assembly or by the publiccorporations legally authorized to impose it, and whoseassessment is not made in the form prescribed by law.

ARTICLE 19


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No Filipino in the full enjoyment of his civil and politicalrights shall be hindered in the free exercise of the same.

ARTICLE 20

Neither shall any Filipino be deprived of:

The right of expressing freely his ideas andopinions either by word or by writing, availinghimself of the press or any other similar means.

The right of joining any association for all theobjects of human life which may not becontrary to public morals; and finally,

Of the right to petition, individually collectively,the different departments of government and

the public authorities.

The right of petition shall not be exercised through anykind of armed force.

ARTICLE 21

The exercise of the rights expressed in the precedingarticle shall be subject to the general provisions whichregulate them.

ARTICLE 22

Crimes committed upon the occasion of the exercise of

the rights granted in this title shall be punished by thecourts in accordance with the ordinary laws.

ARTICLE 23

Any Filipino can found and maintain establishments ofinstruction or education, in accordance with theregulations that may be established.

Popular education shall be obligatory and gratuitous inthe schools of the nation.

ARTICLE 24

Any foreigner may establish himself freely in Philippineterritory, subject to the provisions governing the matter,exercising therein his industry, or devoting himself to anyprofession for the exercise of which the law does notrequire any certificates of fitness from the nationalauthorities.

ARTICLE 25

No Filipino who is in the full enjoyment of his politicaland civil right shall be hindered from going freely fromthe territory, nor from removing his residence orproperty to a foreign country, without prejudice to the

obligation to contribute to the military service and themaintenance of the public charges.

ARTICLE 26

A foreigner who has not been naturalized shall notexercise in the Philippines any office to which anyauthority or jurisdiction is attached.

ARTICLE 27

Every Filipino is obliged to defend the country with armswhen he is called upon by the law, and to contribute to

the expenses of the state in proportion to his holdings.

ARTICLE 28

The enumeration of the rights granted in this title doesnot imply the prohibition of any others not expresslystated.

ARTICLE 29

No previous authorization shall be necessary for theprosecution of public functionaries before ordinary

tribunals, whatever may be the crime they havecommitted.

A superior order shall not exempt them fromresponsibility for the manifest, clear, and determinateinfraction of a constitutional provision. In other cases, itshall only exempt the agents who do not exercise anyauthority.

ARTICLE 30

The guarantees provided for in articles 7, 8, 9, 10, and

11 and paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 20, shall not besuspended in the Republic nor in any part of it, but only

temporarily and by means of a law, when the security ofthe state in extraordinary circumstances requires it.

This having been promulgated in the territory to which itmay apply, special law shall govern during suchsuspension, according to what the circumstances may

demand.

The latter as well as the former shall be voted in thenational Assembly, and in case this is closed, thegovernment is authorized to issue the same, in


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conjunction with the permanent commission, withoutprejudice to the calling of the former at the shortestpossible time and giving account of what may have beendone.

But neither one nor the other law shall suspend anyother guarantees than those mentioned in the first

paragraph of this article, nor authorize the governmentto banish or deport any Filipino from the country.

In no case can the military or civil heads establish anypenalty other than that previously provided by law.

ARTICLE 31

In the Philippine Republic no person shall be tried under

a special law or by special tribunals. No person orcorporation shall have privileges nor emoluments exceptas a compensation for public service which are fixed. " Elfuero de Guerra y marina" ( the jurisdiction, privilegesand powers of the army and navy) shall extend solely to

the crimes and misdemeanors having intimateconnection with military and naval discipline.

ARTICLE 32

No Filipino shall establish rights of primogeniture insuccession ( "mayorazgos") , nor institutions entailingproperty, nor institutions entailing property, nor accepthonors, decoration of orders (" condecoraciones") ortitles of honor and nobility from foreign nations withoutauthorization of the government.

Neither shall the government of the Republic establishinstitutions specified in the previous paragraph, nor grant

honors, decoration of orders ( "condecoraciones") , ortitles of honor and nobility to any Filipino.

The nation may, however, reward by special lawapproved by the Assembly eminent services rendered bycitizens to their country.

TITLE V

Of the Legislative Powers

ARTICLE 33

The legislative power shall be exercised by an Assemblyof Representatives of the nation.

The Assembly shall be organized in the form and underthe conditions determined by the law which may bepassed to that effect.

ARTICLE 34

The members of the Assembly shall represent the wholenation and not exclusively the voters who chose them.

ARTICLE 35

No Representative can receive from his electors any

imperative instruction.

ARTICLE 36

The Assembly shall meet every year. The president ofthe Republic has the prerogative to convoke it, suspendand close its sessions and dissolve it, with itsconcurrence or with that of the permanent commission in

its default, and within the periods established by law.

ARTICLE 37

The Assembly shall be open at least three months each

year without including in this time that which is requiredfor its organization.

The President of the Republic shall convoke it on the 15th April at the latest.

ARTICLE 38

In an extraordinary case, he may convoke it outside ofthe legal period, with the concurrence of the permanentcommission, and prolong the legislature when the termdoes not exceed one month, and when this is not donemore than two times in the same legislature.

ARTICLE 39

The National Assembly, together with the extraordinaryRepresentatives, shall form the constituent assembly inorder to proceed to the modification of the Constitutionand to the election of a new President, convoked at leastone month prior to the expiration of the power of theformer.

In case of the death or resignation of the president ofthe Republic, the Assembly shall meet immediately in its

own right and at the call of the President or of thepermanent commission.

ARTICLE 40

In the meantime, while the choice of the President of theRepublic has not yet taken place, his powers shall beexercised by the President of the Supreme Court ofJustice, who in his turn shall be relieved by a member ofthis tribunal, according to the laws.


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ARTICLE 41

Any meeting of the Assembly held outside of the periodof the ordinary legislature shall be illegal and void. Fromthis is excepted the case provided for in article 39, andthat where the Assembly is constituted into a tribunal of

justice, in which case it cannot exercise other thatjudicial functions.

ARTICLE 42

The sessions of the Assembly shall be public. However,they can be made secret at the petition of a certainnumber of its members, fixed by the rules, it beingdecided afterwards by an absolute majority of votes of

the members present whether the discussion of thesame should be continued in public.

ARTICLE 43

The President of the Republic shall communicate with theAssembly by means of messages, which shall be readfrom the rostrum by a Secretary of the government.

The Secretaries of the government shall have a seat inthe Assembly with the right to take the floor wheneverthey request it, and may be represented in thediscussion of nay particular project by commissionerdesignated by decree of the President of the Republic.

ARTICLE 44

The Assembly may be constituted into a judicial tribunal,by means of a decree issued by it, or by the permanentcommission, in its absence, or by the President of theRepublic at the proposal of the Solicitor General or of thecouncil of the government , in order to try crimescommitted against the security of the state by thePresident of the Republic and the members of the councilof the government, by the President of the SupremeCourt of Justice, and by the Solicitor General of thenation.

The laws shall determine the mode of procedure for theaccusation, trial ( instruccion) , and pardon.

ARTICLE 45

No member of the Assembly shall be prosecuted ormolested for the opinions which may have expressed orthe votes which he may have cast in the performance ofhis office.

ARTICLE 46

No member of the Assembly shall be prosecuted in a

criminal proceeding without previous authorization fromthe same or the permanent commission, to which anaccount of the act shall immediately be given for properaction.

The imprisonment, detention, or apprehension of anymember of the Assembly shall not take place without

previous authority from the same or the permanentcommission. But once notice of the act of commitmenthas been given to the Assembly, responsibility ensues, ifwithin two days following the notice it does not authorizethe detention or does not show the reasons upon whichits refusal is founded.

ARTICLE 47

The national Assembly shall, furthermore, have thefollowing powers:

To make for its internal government. To examine the legality of the elections and the

legal qualifications of its member elect.

To appoint its president, vice-president, andsecretaries upon its organization.

While the Assembly has not been involved, its president,vice-president, and secretaries shall continue in theiroffice during four legislatures; and

To accept resignations presented by itsmembers, and to grant leaves of absenceaccording to the rules.

ARTICLE 48

No bill shall become law without having been previouslyvoted upon by the Assembly.

In order to pass any law, there must be present in theAssembly at least a fourth part of the total number ofmembers whose certificates of election have been

approved and who have taken the oath of office.

ARTICLE 49

No bill can be approved by the Assembly without havingbeen voted upon as a whole, and then article by article.

ARTICLE 50


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The Assembly has the right to criticize the government,and each of its member that of interpellation.

ARTICLE 51

The introduction of laws belongs to the President of the

Republic and the Assembly.

ARTICLE 52

A Representative of the Assembly who has acceptedfrom the government a pension, employment, orcommission with a salary, shall be understood to haverenounced his office.

There is excepted from this provision the office ofSecretary of the government of the Republic and otheroffices provided for by special laws.

ARTICLE 53

The office of Representative shall be for a term of fouryears, and those who exercise it are, by way ofreimbursement, entitled according to the circumstancesto a sum determined by law.

Those who absent themselves during the wholelegislature shall not be entitled to reimbursement, butmay recover this right by assisting all the following ones.

TITLE VI

Of the permanent commission

ARTICLE 54

The Assembly, before adjournment, shall elect seven ofseven of its members to constitute a permanentcommission during the period that it is closed, the latterbeing obliged to designate a president and secretary inits first session.

ARTICLE 55

In the absence of the Assembly, the permanentcommission shall have the following powers:

To declare whether or not there is sufficientreason to proceed against the President of theRepublic, the Representatives, Secretaries ofthe Government, President of the SupremeCourt of Justice, and the Solicitor General, inthe case provided for by the Constitution.

To call the Assembly to special session in thosecases where it should constitute itself into atribunal of justice.

To give course to business that may have beenpending in order that it may be considered.

To call the Assembly into a special sessionwhenever the exigency of the case demands;and

To take the place of the Assembly in all itsfunction according to the Constitution, with theexception of the right to make and pass laws.

The permanent commission shall meet whenever it isconvoked by the person who presides over it, inaccordance with the Constitution.

TITLE VII

Of the Executive Department

ARTICLE 56

The executive power shall be vested in the President ofthe Republic who shall exercise it through hisSecretaries.

ARTICLE 57

The administration of the private interests of the towns,

provinces, and the state, correspond respectively to themunicipal ( populares) assemblies, the provincial

assemblies, and the administration in power according tothe laws, and upon the basis of the most ampledecentralization and administrative autonomy.

TITLE VIII

Of the President of the Republic

ARTICLE 58

The President of the Republic shall be elected by anabsolute majority of the Assembly and special

Representatives, assembled in a constituent assembly.

His appointment shall be for a term of four years, and hemay be re-elected.

ARTICLE 59

The President of the Republic shall have the initiative ofthe laws as the members of the Assembly, and he shallpromulgate the laws when they have been passed and


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approved by the latter, and shall supervise and insuretheir execution.

ARTICLE 60

The power to cause the laws to be executed shall extend

to all that is conducive to the consideration of publicorder in the country and to the security for the stateabroad.

ARTICLE 61

The President of the Republic shall promulgate the lawswithin twenty days after they have been transmitted to

him by the assembly for final approval.

ARTICLE 62

Iff within this time they shall not have been

promulgated, the President shall return them to theAssembly with a statement of the causes of theirdetention, in which case the latter shall proceed to theirreconsideration; and if they are not repassed by a voteof two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present,the latter shall not be understood to insist upon theirpassage. If the law shall have been repassed in themanner indicated, the government shall promulgate itwithin ten days, causing its nonconformity to appeartherein.

The government shall be obliged to do the same if itallows the term of twenty days to pass without returningthe law to the Assembly.

ARTICLE 63

When the promulgation of a law has been declaredurgent by express vote of an absolute majority of the

Assembly, the President may by means of a message,stating his reasons, call upon them to reconsider it,which request shall not be denied, and after the samelaw has been approved anew, it shall be promulgatedwithin the legal period, without prejudice to thePresident's right to cause to be put therein hisnonconformity.

ARTICLE 64

The promulgation of laws shall be effected by publicationin the official periodical of the Republic, and they shalltake effect after thirty days from the date of thepublication.

ARTICLE 65

The President of the Republic shall command the army

and navy, declare war and ratify treaties, with theprevious consent of the Assembly.

ARTICLE 66

Treaties of peace shall no be final until after they have

been approved by the Assembly.

ARTICLE 67

Besides the necessary powers for the execution of thelaws, the President shall have the following prerogatives:

To confer military and civil employmentaccording to the laws.

To appoint the Secretaries of the government. To direct the diplomatic and commercial

relations with other powers.

To see that speedy, and complete justice isadministered in the entire territory.

To pardon offenders according to the laws,except what is provided relative to theSecretaries of the government.

To preside over national ceremonies and toreceive the envoys and representatives offoreign powers accredited to him.

ARTICLE 68

The President of the Republic needs the authority of aspecial law:

In order to eliminate or exchange any part ofPhilippine territory.

In order to annex any other territory to thePhilippines.

In order to admit foreign troops in Philippineterritory. In order to ratify treaties of alliance, offensive

and defensive, special treaties of commerce,those which stipulate to give subsidy to aforeign power, and all those which may bindthe Filipinos individually.


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In no case shall secret articles of a treaty nullify thosewhich are public.

In order to grant amnesties and generalpardons.

In order to coin money.

ARTICLE 69

The President of the Republic has the power to makerules for the compliance and application of the laws, in

accordance with the requisites prescribed in the same.

ARTICLE 70

The President of the Republic may, with the previous

concurrence of a majority vote of the Representatives,dissolve the Assembly before the expiration of its legalterm.

In case, new elections shall be ordered within threemonths.

ARTICLE 71

The President of the Republic shall be only responsible incase of high treason.

ARTICLE 72

The compensation of the President of the Republic shallbe fixed by a special law, and cannot be changed until

the end of the presidential term of office.

TITLE IX

OF the Secretaries of the government

ARTICLE 73

The council of the government shall be composed of a

President and seven Secretaries, who shall have chargeof the portfolios of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Finance, War

and Navy, and Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce.

ARTICLE 74

All that which the President ma order or decide in theexercise of his authority shall be assigned by the properSecretary. No public officer shall comply with any orderlacking this requisite.

ARTICLE 75

The Secretaries of the government are joint ly responsibleto the Assembly for the general policy of thegovernment, and individually for their personal acts.

The Solicitor General of the nation shall prosecute and

the Assembly shall judge them.

The laws shall determine the cases in which theSecretaries of the government are responsible, thepenalty to which they are subjected, and the mode ofproceeding against them.

ARTICLE 76

If they should be convicted by the Assembly, theirpardon needs the previous petition of an absolutemajority of the Representatives.

TITLE X

Of the Judicial Department

ARTICLE 77

The power to apply the laws in civil and criminal cases inthe name of the nation, shall belong exclusively to thecourts.

The same Code shall govern in the entire Republicwithout prejudice to certain modifications which inspecial circumstances the laws may prescribe.

There shall not be established in them more than one

system of law for all citizens in all ordinary in all ordinarytrials, civil and criminal.

ARTICLE 78

The courts shall not apply general and municipalregulations except in so far as they in harmony with thelaws.

ARTICLE 79

The exercise of the judicial power resides in one

Supreme Court of Justice and in the tribunals prescribedby the laws.

Their membership, organization, and other attributesshall be governed by the organic laws.

ARTICLE 80

The President of the Supreme Court of Justice and theSolicitor General shall be appointed by theNational


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Assembly in concurrence with the President of theRepublic and the Secretaries of the government, andshall be absolutely independent from the legislative andexecutive departments.

ARTICLE 81

Any citizen may bring a public action against all themembers of the Judicial Department for offenses whichthey may commit in the exercise of their power.

TITLE XI

Of the provincial and municipal assemblies

ARTICLE 82

The organization and powers of the provincial andmunicipal assemblies shall be governed by their

respective laws.

These shall observe the following principles:

The government and management of theprivate interests of the province or towns bytheir respective corporations, the principle ofpopular and direct election being the basis ofthe organization of said corporations.

Publicity of their sessions within the limitsprescribed by law.

Publications of the budgets, accounts, andimportant ordinances.

The invention of the government, and in aproper case by the national Assembly in orderto prevent the provincial and municipalcorporations from exceeding their powers, tothe prejudice of general and individualinterests.

The determination of their powers in matter oftaxes, in order that the provincial and municipaltaxation may never be antagonistic to thesystem of taxation of the state.

TITLE XII

Of the administration of the state

ARTICLE 83

Each year the government shall present to the Assembly

a budget of the income and expenses, showing thealterations made in those of the preceding year, at thesame time inclosing a balance of the last fiscal yearaccording to law.

ARTICLE 84

No payment shall be made unless it be in accordancewith the Appropriations Law or other special one, in theform and under the responsibilities which laws maydetermine.

ARTICLE 85

The government needs to be authorized by law in orderto dispose pf any property of the state or to secure aloan upon the credit of the nation.

ARTICLE 86

The public debt which the government may havecontracted according to this Constitution, shall be underthe special guaranty of the nation.

No indebtedness shall be created without voting at thesame time for the means by which to pay it.

ARTICLE 87

All the laws relating to incomes, public expenditures, orpublic credits shall be considered a part of those of thebudgets, and shall be published as such.

ARTICLE 88

Every year the Assembly shall, at the recommendation ofthe President of the Republic, fix the military forces ofland and sea.

TITLE XIII

Of the amendments of the constitution

ARTICLE 89

The Assembly on its own motion or at therecommendation of the President of the Republic, mayresolve to amend the Constitution, prescribing for this

purpose, the article or articles which are to amended.

ARTICLE 90

This declaration made, the President of the Republic shallbe dissolve the Assembly, andconvene theconstituent


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assembly which shall meet within the following threemonths. The resolution provided for in the precedingarticle shall be inserted in the notice of the convention.

TITLE XIV

Of the observance of and oath to the constitution

and the languages

ARTICLE 91

The President of the Republic, the government, theAssembly and all Philippine citizens shall faithfully keepthe Constitution; and the legislative power, immediatelyafter approving the Appropriation Law, shall examine ifthe Constitution has been strictly observed and the

infractions corrected, providing for whatever isconvenient in order to exact responsibility from thetransgressors.

ARTICLE 92

The President of the Republic and all other officials of thenation shall not enter upon the performance of theirduties without previously taking the oath of office.

The President of the Republic shall take this oath beforethe national Assembly.

All other officials shall take it before authoritiesprescribed by law.

ARTICLE 93

The use of the language spoken in the Philippines isoptional. It can only be regulated by law, and solely asregards acts of public authorities and judicial affairs. Forthese acts, the Spanish language shall be used for thepresent.

ARTICLE 94

Transitory provisions

In the meantime, without prejudice to the provisions ofarticle 48 and to the committee which may have beenappointed by the Assembly to draft and report the

organic laws for the development and application of therights granted to Filipino citizens, and for thegovernment of the public powers determined by theConstitution, the laws in force in these Islands prior totheir emancipation shall be considered as laws of theRepublic.

In the same way the following shall be considered inforce: The dispositions of the Civil Code regarding

marriage and the civil registry, suspended by theGovernor General of these Islands; the Instructions of

April 26, 1888, for the enforcement of articles 77, 78, 79,82 of said Code; the Law of Civil Registry of June 17,1870, to which articles 332 of the same code refers, andthe regulations of December 13, 1870, for theenforcement of this law, without prejudice to the localheads continuing in charge of the registrations in the civilregistry and intervening in the celebration of the

marriage of Catholics.

ARTICLE 95

While the laws referred to in the foregoing article are notyet approved, the provisions of the Spanish lawsprovisionally made effective by said article may bemodified by any special law.

ARTICLE 96

Once the laws approved by the Assembly in accordancewith article 94 have been promulgated, the government

of the Republic is authorized to issue decrees andregulations necessary for the immediate constitution ofthe different organs of the state.

ARTICLE 97

The actual President of the revolutionary governmentshall henceforth assume the title of President of theRepublic and shall exercise this office until, after theconstituent assembly has been convoked, it shall haveproceeded to the election of the person who is to fill theoffice definitely.

ARTICLE 98

This Congress, with the members composing it and thosewho are yet coming by election or appointment, shall lastfour years, that is to say, during the whole of the presentlegislature, beginning from the 15 th of April of nextyear.

ARTICLE 99

Notwithstanding the general established in paragraph 2,

article 4, during the time that the country may have tostruggle for its independence, the government is

authorized while Congress is closed, to determinewhatever questions and difficulties not provided for bythe laws, may arise from unforeseen events, by means ofdecrees which shall be brought to the knowledge of thepermanent Commission and the Assembly at its firstmeeting held in accordance with the provisions of this

Constitution.

ARTICLE 100


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The execution of article 5, title 3, is hereby suspendeduntil the meeting of the constituent assembly.

In the meantime, the municipalities of those placeswhich require the spiritual services of any Filipino priest,shall provide for his necessary support.

ARTICLE 101

Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 62 and 63, thelaws returned by the President of the Republic to theCongress shall not be repassed until the legislature of thefollowing year, these being suspended under theresponsibility of the President and his council ofgovernment. Having been repassed according to theseconditions, its promulgation becomes obligatory within

ten days, the President stating his nonconformitythereto.

If it should be repassed in subsequent legislatures, it willbe considered as a law approved for the first time.

Additional article

All the lands, building, and other properties belonging tothe religious corporations in these Islands shall beunderstood to have been restored to the Filipino state onthe 24 th of May last, the day in which the dictatorialgovernment of Cavite was constituted.

Barasoain, January twentieth, eighteen hundred andninety.

The President of Congress,

PEDRO A. PATERNO

The Secretaries,PABLO TECSON, PABLO OCAMPO

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