MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.
-
Upload
rudolph-cross -
Category
Documents
-
view
230 -
download
0
Transcript of MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.
![Page 1: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
![Page 2: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10
![Page 3: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The testicle is the entire organ, consisting of the testis (plural: testes), the scrotum (outer covering of skin), and beginning of the epididymis
![Page 4: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TESTICLES Testes - male gonad
•located externally in scrotum except in birds
•produce sperm
•produce male hormone - testosterone
![Page 5: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Male Hormones are necessary for:Onset and maintenance of sperm productionSex drive (libido)Development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics (organs and features)
After puberty, spermatozoa formation is a continuous process.
This process is controlled by the endocrine system.
![Page 6: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SCROTUM• thermal regulatory organ• temperature control necessary
for sperm production• heat can cause infertility• spermatogenesis - maturation
of sperm cells - takes about 50 days
![Page 7: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The testicles must located outside of the male’s body as normal sperm formation occurs at a temperature several degrees below normal body temperature
• Very cold temperatures can also damage the scrotum.
To keep the testicles at the proper temperature, the cremaster muscle suspends or retracts to move the testicles closer to or further from the body
• Testosterone causes this response; no testosterone, no cremaster function
![Page 8: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
This muscle (cremaster) can be damaged or other injury or malformation can prevent one or both testicles from descending. This condition is called cryptorchidism
An individual with this condition will be partially or fully sterile and this individual should not be allowed to breed.
![Page 9: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EPIDIDYMIS10 - 15 days for the sperm cells to pass through the epididymis
Functions -
maturation of sperm cells
assembly of sperm cells
![Page 13: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EPIDIDYMUS
Tubular structure located on one side of the testes.
Spermatozoa mature in the epididymus
• An assembly line, not a storage unit!
![Page 14: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SECONDARY SEX ORGANS
![Page 15: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VAS DEFERENS• passageway for sperm cells
• carries the spermatozoa into the body cavity towards the urethra
• It is surrounded by muscles that contract during ejaculation
![Page 16: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3 ACCESSORY GLANDSSeminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s gland
Provide 95-98% of total ejaculate volume
![Page 18: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SEMINAL VESICLES
•secrete a fluid high in sugars (fructose) to nourish the spermatozoa
• feels like a bag of grapes • the bulk of fluid production occurs here (40-80% ejaculate volume)
•Rich in proteins, fructose, enzymes. •uterine contractions
![Page 19: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PROSTATE GLAND
•Creates a basic pH of 7.5-8 - protects sperm
•15-30 % of ejaculate volume
![Page 21: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cowper’s Gland
• Lubricating & Cleansing
• If secretions are yellow or cloudy it may indicate infection
![Page 23: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
URETHRA AND PENIS• The urethra extends to the tip of the
penis, where it exits the body.
• Urethra surrounded by smooth muscle – crucial for ejaculation.
• Penis is composed of sponge-like blood tissue
• Under sexual stimulation, this tissue fills with blood, enlarging it and enabling it to be inserted into a female’s vagina.
• Otherwise, it is kept inside the body cavity in most species
![Page 24: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A CONCERNIn humans and other mammals, male fertility has dropped significantly.
This has also been seen in cattle; it is much harder to breed a cow today than it was 50 years ago.
Furthermore, cases of sexual abnormalities have increased in amphibians and reptiles.
Is this genetic or environmental? ~
![Page 25: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CAUSES OF STERILITYConditions other than cryptorchidism can also cause sterility in males, including
- excessive fat deposits in the scrotum
- a very high fever or high fever over several days
- very hot weather for an extended period of time
If the male was producing sperm prior to these occurrences, sperm production may resume after 6-10 weeks.
![Page 26: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SPERM SITUATIONS
Sperm are not hardy; they are rather fragile cells
They are very susceptible to:• Heat• Jarring• Radiation• Poor Nutrition • Infrequent ejaculation (increases abnormalities)
• A mature bull can ejaculate as much as 7 consecutive times without a severe reduction in spermatozoa
![Page 27: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. watch?v=WEzcK-OKd10.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081503/5697c0301a28abf838cda9d8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT