Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.

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Transcript of Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.

Page 1: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.
Page 2: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.
Page 3: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.

•Male first, then female

•Female, then male•Both at the same time

Hermaphrodites

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The gonad of the mangrove rivulus is half

ovary and half testis

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Parrotfish

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Parrotfish•Female when young

•Male as they get older

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Black Sea Bass

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Black Sea Bass•Switch sex back and forth quickly

•More often female as they get older

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Clownfish

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Clownfish• There is only one female in

each group• The female and the largest

male in group do all the spawning

• When the female dies, the largest male replaces her and the second largest male becomes the new head male

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Explaining Nemo

• Nemo should have had a lot of uncles around

• When Nemo’s mom died..• His dad should have turned into his

mom and…• One of his “uncles” should have

turned into his dad

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Why Hermaphrodites?

• Dominant male has a harem. He has spectacular reproductive success because he gets to fertilize the eggs from many females during a “spawning aggregation”.

• Other smaller males could not compete with the dominant male, so they would have no success at all.

• If they are female instead, then they have some success right now, and have a shot at being the dominant male when they get older and larger.

• Sneaky strategy…– Small males that look like females can sneak into

the spawning aggregation

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Midshipman

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Midshipman• Type 1 males: Grow slowly but

get big. Strong vocal system for courting

• Type 2 males: Mature quickly, small size, huge testes!

• Type 2s sneak in and fertilize the female that the Type 1 fish attracted

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Other Sneakers• Bluegill

– Dash in, dash out– Female mimics

• Salmon– Remember the Jacks?

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Chromosome Anatomy

1 2 3 4

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Meiosis

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1st polar bodyJUNKJUNK

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Egg

2nd Polar Body

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Egg

2nd PolarBody

Embryo

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Embryo

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<< >

Poeciliidae

The polar body staysSperm activates eggSperm DNA rejected

>>>>

<

<

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>><<

XX

XX

GynogeneticFish

Irradiated sperm activate egg. Heat and pressure save polar body.Sperm DNA doesn’t participate

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Page 38: Male first, then female Female, then male Both at the same time Hermaphrodites.

Triploid FishTriploid Fish•Heat and pressure prevent the loss of the polar body

•Fish has 3 sets of chromasomes

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Hydraulic cylinder for

making triploid fish eggs

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>><< >>

<<

>>

<<

XX

XX

XX

Making aTriploid

Heat and pressure prevent loss ofpolar body

Fish grows up with anExtra set of chromosomes

<<

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DiploidRed Blood

Cell

TriploidRed Blood

Cell

Recognizing Triploids

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CoulterCounter

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X XX XX XXY XY XY

XX= FEMALE

Mendel Punnett

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XX x XY

XXXXXYXY

Male and female fish produce young with a 50:50 sex ratio

Key Color = sex coded forby genes (genotype)

= sex that fish looks and acts like (phenotype)

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XX x XY

XXXXXYXY

XXXXXYXY

Testosterone

Testosterone feed causes all of the tilapia to grow up looking and acting like males regardless of their DNA.

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WZ x WW

WZWZWWWW

Sex determination in some tilapia species is opposite to that of the normal X, Y system. The WZ fish are the females.

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WZ x XY

WXWYZXZY

Some Die:All survivorsare male

Crossing pure blood WZ fish with pure XY fish can produce all male young.

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WZ x WW

WZWZWWWW

WWWW

WZWZ

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WW x WW

WWWWWWWW

Sex reversed

Sex reversed WW fish can be used to produce all-male young.

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All male fishAll male fish1. Testosterone2. WZ x XY hybrids3.Genetic “super” males

using sex reversed WW females

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• HermaphroditesHermaphrodites– What does it mean?What does it mean?– What are the advantages?What are the advantages?– SneakersSneakers

• Meiosis and polar bodiesMeiosis and polar bodies• Gynogenetic fishGynogenetic fish• Triploid fishTriploid fish• Three ways to make all male tilapiaThree ways to make all male tilapia

– TestosteroneTestosterone– WZ x XY hybridsWZ x XY hybrids– Super malesSuper males


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