Malaysian University English Test (MUET Paper 3) Mid-Year 2010
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Transcript of Malaysian University English Test (MUET Paper 3) Mid-Year 2010
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MAJLIs PEPEⅡKsAAN MALAYsIA(MALAYsIAN EXAMNATIoNs COt1NC⒒ )
IⅡstruc1卜 ions to caⅡ didates:
DO NoT OPEN TⅡIs QIlIEsTION PAPER UNTILYOUARE TOLD TO DO so。
刀b召昭 曰刀c fOrty-nve g“ 贺矽jo刀s切 砀沁 招s'For c曰 c乃 g勿贺`氵
oz1c助oosg砀ε刀昭os莎 鳄v卿 r勿勿
曰刀sWC〃 扬 ‘9⒎
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勿 yo叨 r‘·
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εsl/y〈,r@刀 r饧‘⒎s印 曰r夕勿 四刀sW(7rs屁 (,c矽 g” c刀。
R纟曰歹 砀 召 j冫厶s矽71犭C莎汩 刀so刀 仂 ε 彐71sw‘″'s肋
召e莎 CF蛐 ~
'4莎招〃夕莎aⅡ g“csJjo7⒊ s.
This ques△ on paper coⅡ sists of18primted pages aⅡ d2blaⅡk pages。
◎M耐 lis Pepe酞 saan Malaysia⒛ 10
MUET800/3/M*This question paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe testis ove⒈
rrⅡ rⅡ over
CONFDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
£冫次万莎汹刀s1ro7曰 rB3箔ε歹 o刀 砀ε/oJJowj鳄`甜
sqg0
1 stress^n飞 always bad.A stress researcher Hans setye(SEL-yay)(1970obseⅣ ed,‘tΓo be totally without stress“ to be dead。
” Stress is the menta1ε md phys允 al
coh西ton伍at occurs when a person must a内 ust or adapt to the en"ronment.
Unpleasant events such as wOrk pressllres,manta1problems,or financial、 voes
na饨rally produce stress.But so do travel sports,a new Job,mountain cⅡ mung,‘ dating,and other pos“ ive actiⅤ“ies。 EⅤen if you aren’ tatⅢ11seeker,a hea1tby
hfestyle may inchde a fair amo讪 t of eustress毽 ood stress)。 Eustress can be
energizing, Activ⒒ ies that provoke “good s订ess” are usua11y experienced as
cha11enging and rewarding。
2 Astressoris a ConditioⅡ or eventin the enⅤ ironmentthat cha11enges or threateⅡ s
a person. Stress reactions are complex。 Let’ s examine some of thc chief factors
伍at dete1⋯he whether or not stress is harlnm1.Lg。 es almost without sayiⅡ g that
some eⅤ ents are more likely to cause stress伍 an o伍 ers.Imagine stan山 Ⅱg at伍e top
ofa whd-whⅡ ped sk jump forthe血 st time.Intemal△ 伍ere would be a rapid
surge in your heartrate,b1ood pressure,respratioⅡ and muscle tension. Sho⒒ -te.Ⅱ I
stresses of曲
^Ⅱnd can bel】 ncomfortable,but山 ey rarely d9any damage.Pol忆 e
。mcers,。n the o伍er hand,sufFer from a high rate of stress-related山 seases.The
threat of i刂 ury or death,phs occasi(冫 nal confrontati(冫 ns With dmnk or be11iI苔erent
citizens,tε 凵k】os a to11.Am苟 or factor here is tlle unpredictab1e namre ofpolice work。
An。fncer who stops someone to issue a traⅢ c ticket never knoWsifa cooper龃ve
otizen or an ar1ned gang member k w缸ting in伍 ec趾
3 A study done witll rats shows how unpredLctable events add to stress.Rats
in one gTOup were gheⅡ shocks prcceded by a w叮 血ng tone.A seGOnd groupgot shocks w⒒ hOut warning. The dlird group received no shocks,but heard伍 e
tone.After a few weeks,伍e anhnals that received unpredictable shocks had seⅤ ere
stomach ulcers。 Those giⅤen predictab1e shocks showed little or nO u1ceration.The
lucky group that receiⅤ ed no shocks also had no u1cers(Weiss,1972).
The tab1e be1ow gives an oveN\ew oftypica1signs or symptoms ofprolonged siess.
VVarning sigⅡ§of stress
E阴o矽氵o刀砑
`S氵
g刀s
Anx忆ty
Apathy
IⅡtabⅡ ty
Ιenta1fatigue
B已助c历绷 昭
`s讠
眵 s
Avoidanc。 ofresponsibiⅡ ties and re1atioⅡ ship
Ex饣eme or suicidal behaviOur
sclf-neglect
Poorjudgment
Paysicσ
`s讠
gns
ExcessiⅤe wOrry about Ⅱlness
Frequent Ⅱlness
Exhaustion
Overuse ofrnedic1nes
Physical ailmen“ and∞mph血 s
10
<丿
20
25
800/3/M*This question paper
(DOctor&Docto△ 1994)
CONFIDENTIAL*is CONFIDENTIAL untⅡ thetest o oⅤ e⒈
CONFIDENTIAL*
To manage stre“ ,o【le1nusHear【l to re∞ gnize伍e⒍gns and symptoms of
s△ess.In domg so,one can avoid the negative efects ofstress which could result in
eX钮℃me or suiCkkd behaviou⒒ 30
(Adapted flom Coon,D。 2000.Ⅰoscn饣氵cJs o/Psyc肋 o皮△¤亻Ιb`Jo阳″o刀 曰刀J/pp`jc曰 rjo″ .
8伍 Ed.UsA∶ Wadsworth。 )
According to lΙans Selye,1ife can be devoid ofsiess.
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
stress can be brought on by bo伍 neg菠Ⅳe and pos“卜e acj呐 ties.
A Tme
B Fdse
C Notstated
The sl丨【jijump example ilhs△ ates behavioural⒍gns ofstress.
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
Accor蕊Ⅱg to1he table,physical signs ofs饣 ess are the rnost se∏ous.
A Tme
B Faloe
C Notstated
A police omcer st。 pping sozneone to^sue a tramc住 cket泌 likely to be az1xious.
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
6 stress can1ead to suicide ifthe symptoms are igⅡ ored。
A Tme ,
B False
C Notstated
The wnter“ ofthe opinion伍 atthe animal expeⅡment“ cruel。
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
800/3/M艹This ques“ on paperis CONFIDENTIAL uⅡ tilthe test o oⅤ e⒈
ITurⅡ 。ψerCONFIDENTIAL艹
CONFIDENTIAL*
口“邻r0刀s8to14曰昭 D9sc歹 o刀 砀c/oJFol/oJ刀 g`‘沼s¢ge.
1 Book retai1ing o h r蚺 d change。 Traditiona11y,shops were independently operated
wi伍 ow11ers who kneW thor patrons and w⒐ eh坨hly sensitive to伍or hterest.
Then came the mall stores in the 1970s,reshaping how books were marketed.
Today super bookstores are reWnting the mles again,
2 IⅡdependeⅡ ts. In Co1onia1Boston,the first seat ofAmeⅡ can inteⅡectuaⅡ sn△ 5book-se11ing was a local en饣 eprenelInal bu‘iness。 The individuals who ow11ed
bo0k shops catered to the reading interests of their particular customers. That
custome⒈dHven model of book retaⅡing worked for al1nost250years. EVen as
曲e book business grew,sales representatives from1he pubⅡ shing houses sti111nade
h山"dual calls on啦
op oWners to chat about thor wares,and曲 e shop ow11ers 10
ordered what they in仅 IitiVe1y knew their customers wanted. shops maintained
distinctive inⅤ entooes.
3 VΙ aⅡ st① res, WVith曲 e growth of rnass1nerchandising and shopping malls in
伍e1970s,seⅤ eral bookstore ch缸 ns emerged,Typ⒑ ed by B。 Dalton and Walden
Books,which together had2300stoies at their peak,these chains ordered books 15
in huge lots△ om the pubⅡ shers and stocked the△ stores coast to coast Ⅵ汀th mbber
stamp inventoⅡ es.often,曲ese chains bought books eⅤ en befOre they were
pⅡnted,basing伍 eir decisons on publishers’ promises for promotional blitzes and
big discounts for bu1k pllrchases。 When huge stoCks arHVed,the rna11stores had to
move then1——somethnes going to extraordinary steps w△ h display and discounts 20
t。 nlln11their。wn proJections,and som0ti1nes without considera刂 on for a book’ s
Ⅱterary qualities.Suddenly,book-seⅢ ng became market-dr卜 en with且ashy
dsplays and other hcent卜 es prodding customers to buy-ˉ hardly a custome⒈
driven way ofdo1ng bus1Ⅱ ess。
4 These fo.I【ェulaic stores focused on what∞ uld be moved rapidly wi由out any 25attendon to whe山 er thoy had a balance represented on1heir she1ves。 Asked once
where伍e books by伍ei硐uentia1psychoanalyst⒐ grnl】nd Freud∞u1d be found,
aB.Dalton store rnanager answered∶“
'凵
hhh, Id1ink we had one once,” The new
cⅡteⅡa was not1iterary or en1ighte11ment but、 vhat products could be rnoved。 Thegoa⒈ fast inventory tumove⒈ 30
5 VVhatever their deficiencies, maⅡ stores sold a lot of books-ˉ and it hurt
the independents。 In fac1by 1995,independent stores,which once do1ninated
AmeⅡcan book-se11ing,accounted for only21.4per cent of sales.
6 superst①res.Market-dr卜en book retaⅡ ing entered a new dimen⒍ on,literallb
Ⅵ注d1staⅡd-a1one super bookstores in the1990s.BamesandNob1e,Crown,Borders 35
and]3ooks-a-MⅡ 1ion bui1t900ofthe humungous stores,some bigger than grocery
supeIⅡ larkets and stocking180000titles。 The superstores do rnore than seⅡ books.
Part of the△ appeal has been to become a commuⅡ ty center of sorts,with cafes,
lectures,cⅡ ldren’s programmes and poetry readings.The best neWs,though,o
that、碲 h gigantic inventories,superstores have Freud in stock— an improvement 40
over the rna11stores,
7 WhⅡ e superstore customers 1ked the discounts, the pⅡ ce war profoundly
damagedpub1ishers,Unableto move a11the new hventory,伍 e superstores shlpped
⑾ ckloads of books back to pubⅡ shers. Refunds had been cO11mon practice in
pub1ishing,a11nost a con⒍ gm△ent relationshlp between stores and pubⅡ shers。 The 45
vohⅡne ofthe new returns,hoWever,caught pubⅡ shers unaware;at Harper Co11ins,
fOr example,operating profits fe1166per centin1996,forcing the pubⅡ sher to take
800/3/M*This quesu。n paperis CONFIDENTIAL vmtilthe testis ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
drastic steps. It cance11ed106books£ or which it had issued advances to authors。
It also0ut back its acquisition ofnew t△ les. In1996,1J.s.book output had reached
58000new t⒒ les. It was down to56000iⅡ 1997and su11tL。 pping。 Book ouVu1 50one1neaswe ofa culmre’ s quaⅡo” sufered.
mdapted fr。 mV卜 ian,J.(199⑵ .彐%ε 盹 由α瓯 s Co昭勿″刀Jc曰 r'o刀 .
sth Ed.MA∶ A11yn&Bacon.)
8 Before rna11stores came into existeⅡ ce,book-se11ing was doⅡ1inated by individua1businesses∶
A Tme
B False
C NOtstated
9 OFders for books in individua1shops depend on custo1ners’ needs,
A Tme
B Fa1se
C Notstated
10 The Ⅱterary quali饪es ofbooks iⅡ crease book sales in ma11stores。
A Tme
B Fa1se
C Notstated
11 ∷〃乃乃屁,r砀切庀w纟 尼曰
'ε
刀co刀c召”
(linρ 2θ.TⅡs suggests thatthe book k
A not discoumted
B notin hgh demand
C ofpoor Ⅱterary quality
12Mrs.Tan wants her children to read and also e刂oy food and video shows in山 e same place。
She wou1d patronise
A an hdependently operated shop
B a superstore
C ama11store
13 Bo@庀 @“rp“豸o″纟昭c彐s笏昭 q厂曰c叨Jr,昭 &g〃曰Jf仍 s涕田臼
'fliⅡ
es5o and51).The h∞pl允乩ion of
th“ statement“
A superstores wi11reduce progra1nrnes£ or children
B the pubⅡ c wⅡ l have less accessto new knowledge
c pubⅡ shers飞VⅡl ComⅡlission new authors to increase sa1es
80O/3/M*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test“
ove⒈
rrurⅡ ①vercONFmENTIAL*
cONFmENⅡ AL艹
1仁抵∷螂 deaofthejassageishow I ∷ ∷ i
- : ∷ = ∷ ∶ ·
∶ ∷~ ∶ ∶
¨AⅡ咚se1hgh晖 :ohanged oveF伽睥△ ¨ i.∷ ∴
B superstoreo haVo do血 inatedthe b°ok retali mafket Ⅱˉ ^
l C△o山辽砧态庀ater t。 曲e碱岖 碹 岫 舔 of铷ei customeFs
⒃0/3/M∷ ∷
lENTm山血I艋 test态 觚 ~l∷ ∶ cONHDENT【 AL艹艹Thi宙 黾谗豳讪ipmerh cONFm
CONFIDENTIAL*
口纫贺∮jo刀s15勿 21ε昭 D四召召歹@刀 腕εy。
`J。
v匆ηg`日ss日g召 .
1 Happiness,researchers find,is infcctious∶ 】he more happy peop1e you associate
with,thc happier you become, Happiness is contagious,according to new rescarch,
The same team that demonstr甜 ed伍at obe⒍ ty and smoking spread in network has
shown thatthe Fnore happy pcop1e you knOw,the more Ⅱke1y you are yoⅡ selfto be
happy. And being connccted to happy people improⅤ es a person’ s happi且ess,they
reported in the Br⒒ ish ⅣIedica1Jourlla1,
2 “What we are deaⅡng with is an emOtionalstampede,’’saidNicho1as Chostakis,
a professor ofrnedica1sociology at Harvard ⅣIedical school in】 Boston.
3 Chris切ks and James Fowle△ a political soentist at the UniⅤ ersity of
CaⅡ foⅡ1ia,San Diego,havc been using data froⅡ 14700chⅡ dren of Ⅴolunteers in
the Framingham Heart Stu讷、an extensive health smdy begun in Framinghanl,
bΙassachuse钆 s in1948. Thcy havc been analysing a trovc of免 cts from tracking
sheets dating back to 1971, fOlloⅥ 注ng bh△hs, rnarriages, deaths and diⅤ orces.
Vo1untecrs a1sO listed contact infoⅡ nation oftheir closest£Hends,coˉ workers,and
neighbours. They assessed happiness using a shnp1e,fou⒈ question tcst.
4 “Pcople are asked how often durhg the past week they e死 Oyed Ⅱfe,werehappy,fclt hopenⅡ ab。utthe nture and fc⒒ just as good as othcr people,’ ’Fowlersaid.
5 The60per cent ofpeople who scored high1y on aⅡ four questiOns were rated
as happy,whⅡ e the rest were designated unhappy. Peop1c wid△ the most soCia1
connections——岔忆nds,spouses,neighbol】 rs,relatiⅤ es were also the happies1the
data showed. “Each additiona1happy person rnakes you happier,” ChⅡ s仅珏os said.
6 “Imagine thatI anl connected tO you and you are connected to others and others
are connected to stⅢ others.It k tho fabr忆 ofhumani11∶o`I,lke an Amer忆 an patch
quⅡ t,”
7 Each persOn sits on a different-coloured patch. “Imagine that these patches are
happy and unhappy patches. Yol】 r happiness depends on whatis going on in the
patch around you,” christakis s缸 d。
8 ‘叮t is not just happy peop1e connecting Ⅵ砬th happy pcOple,which they do.Above and beyond,there is this coⅡtagious process going On。
”
9 And happiness is Fnore contagious than unhappiness,they discovered.
10 “If a socia1contact is happy,it increases thc1ikeⅡ hood that you are happy for
by15per cent,” Fow,ler said. ‘勹廴iiend ofa Ⅱ end,orthe mend。 f a spouse Or a
sibⅡng,ifthey are happy,increases your chances by10per cent” he added.
11 A happy thLd-degree fr忆 nd——the fr忆 nd Ofa mend。 fa i忆nd— increases a
person’s chances ofbeing happy by six per cent.
12 ‘‘But eⅤery extra unhappy fⅡ end increases the ⅡkeⅡhood that you’ 11be unhappy
by seven per ce酞,” Fowler said. The finding is interesung but it is usefu1too,
Fowler said,
13 “Anlong other benefits,happinQss has been shown to have an important efFect
on reduccd mOrtal∶ 1y pah rcducton,and improved c盯 dac functon,So be仇 er
understanding of how happiness spreads can hclp us leam how to promote a
healthier sOcie吖、”he said.
800/3/⒈汪*This questiOn paperis CONFIDENTIAL unti1the test is oⅤ
e⒈
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ITurⅡ over
CONFIDENTIAL*
cONFmENTIAL*
14 The study also nts in with o伍 er data suggested in1984,that having Us$5000
extra increased a person、 ohances ofbecoming happier by abouttwo per cent。 45
15 “Ahappy n吐 end is worth about US$20000,’’said CⅢ stakis whoseteam o also
eXaⅡ1ining the spread ofdepression,loneⅡ ness and dnr山 ong behavio⒒
(AdOpted fr。m`汲ヵv srrJ'rs r切m邵,January6,200⑵
15 Among 伍e words listed below,which are sⅡ nⅡar in rneaning?
I `砂c莎jo昭 αine1)
II c@刀rJg汩叨s(Ⅱne2)
ⅡI‘Ⅱ9彻歹(line⑴
IⅤ co刀刀εc勿歹αhe匀
A IandⅡ
B IandIV
C Ⅱ amdⅡI
16The wⅡ ter meⅡjorls s〃o″″g αine3)to supportthe Ⅱea that
A ⒒灬1inked to obeslty
B △Ⅵ砬11make people happy
C it spreads in the same way as happiness 、
17 The expres⒍ on召〃o∫汩刀q`s勿〃pede(Ⅱ ne7)gives the idea of
A an uncontro11ed response ofa crowd
B a chain reacuon offeeⅡ ngs
C an outburst9fhappiness ˉ
18 The Ameocan patch quⅡtshows
A the interdependence ofpeople
B the Gultural praGtice ofshanng
C the important efe∝ ofh叩∮ne“
19 What kind ofdata is given to suppo⒒ 仇e findings oⅡ happhess?
A ObseⅣ ations
B Experiments
C SlIrveys
20The s缸dy Ⅱe碰ned the f。11owhg as characteⅡ sjcs ofhapⅡness except
A 。pum。m
B ambijous
C self-esteem
800/3/M艹This quesu° n paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test跽 ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL艹
C0NFDENTIAL△ 9
21The foⅡ o吲汔mg statements∷ about happy Ⅲ曲ds are锨 exc0pt
A they are姒 celess¨
B thcy are“mcult“ nnd
C they“吨“more mends ∶
800/3/M |9ENTIAL俪 萜 诋 “碱 i cOH烈 黯 藩
艹劢必咖囟扔n paF is CONFIE
CONFIDENTIAL*
g笏贺矽J0刀s22ro29曰昭 D夕s召歹o刀 砀召/o`屁9wj驾
`鲋s日gc
1 A11yson was con呐 nced thatshc had nothhg to put on her吒 sumo.In a conferencc,
her instmctor asked A11yson to descril,e exactly whE1t she had done,Allyson’ s
‘℃aby-蛀 ttinζ’was actually hOu∞ management and c11ild care。 Btlt a suF1merjob
at Harvard had consisted of changing beds and cleaning rooms for confercnce
guests.
2 Her fiⅤ e su1rl1ners ofwork at a law£【Ⅱ.sounded1nore proⅡ 1ising. She wenttO
the library,fo.Ⅱ 1u1ated rnedica1and1ega1questions,and searched for answcrs. Thc
infoI⋯aton she found helped the且 I⋯ w血 a$7mⅢ on Out-of-court se钆 lement.
Not bad for a sophomore in co11egc, ]But A11yson was in adⅤ ertising and wanted
to go into copywriting,not rnarket research. The eⅩ peⅡence was certain1y wo岫
putting on her rosumo,butthe kind ofthkⅡ【ing she had done as a1aw clerk was not
the kind ofthinking she needed to demons订 atc to an adⅤ erHsing agency.
3 some of the iteIns under ACHIEⅤ EˇIENTs were interesting.The Locker
ROo111was a restawantin town where A11yson had had dinne⒈ Its rnenu said the
restaurant“ had a1ong history.” In fac免 the restaurant was new;it wasthe buⅡ ding
that was o1d.Allyson went up to the o、 vner,to1d hhn several of伍 e things that were
wrong with1he Fnenu,and offered tO rew11itc it, The ownertold her he wOuld pay
her for doing that and also invited her to subn1it ideas for ads.
4 The instmctor w"impressed.The who1e anecdote血 ght wOrk in a job
app1ication le倪e△ whi1e the佑sumo could hghIight伍 c factthatA11yson had written
menu and advertising copy ofrea1business(notjust aC1ass). ‘q汛厂hat you need,’’
the
ins缸uCtor said,“ is a skⅡ 1s rosumo。”
5 “Are skⅡ ls r6sumos very CommOn?”
6 ‘1町ot as cO11mon as chrono1ogica1 佑sum6s, And they’ re Ⅱttle harder to
wⅡte.You can wnte a chronoIo£ :ical r色咖 o just by gc)ing through the1ist and
remembeⅡng what you’ ve done under EDUCATION,under EXPERIENCE,andso on.You can almost£ 11h the b1anks∶ thejob title,the organ^ati()n,the oty and
state,the dates, ′丙Ⅰth a skⅡ ls rosu1no,you think aboutthe s1【i11s you’ d need in the
job you wantto have,the shlk伍 e employer o looⅡ ng fo毛 and show how you’ ve
used those sklls in what you’ ve a1rcady done,A sl∈ i11s吒趾m说 lets you take thi11gs
iom dasses,from paidj。 bs,from Ⅴolunteer work and putthem a11togethe⒈ ’’
7 “How do employers fee1about skⅡ ls r6sum6s?”
8 “There isn’ t any good research。 One sl】rvey asked employers which they’ d
rath∝ get,and more people saⅡ‘the订adtonal“sum6,’ But曲 at、 just becau∞
they know where to look forthings on the饣 aditiona1茁 sumo.NObody’ s eⅤer done
research taking the same quaⅡ fications,prcsenting them in小 Ⅴo different ways,and
seeing wⅡ ch way gOt more inteⅣ 忆ws Or morejob offers。 I knOw people who’ Ⅴego悦enjobs using skⅡ 1s rosum6s.”
9 “You want a“ sumO th乱 炯血 emately says‘WOW’ to the employe⒈ Peop⒗
always get rnore resum6s than they wantto deal with,to survive the c吐,ar6sumohas to stand out. You wantthe resume t。 haⅤe the samc punch that you have in
person.’ 丿
10 The next step was to answer“ 〃o quesjons∶“What do you wantto do?”
“VVhat
do you think the employer^looking for?” A11yson rep1忆 d,‘‘I wantto get ajob as
a copywriter in Cleve1and. It’ s the 10th biggest1marke1and I’ d rather work as
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a∞mw血 eriⅡ a sma11er market伍 an have to“ art as a seCretary at a New York
agency,Id匝nk the agencies want someone who shows creativio1who has a strong
personali饥 who isn’ ta△缸d to take risks.”
11 “Then yow resum6needs to do that. And it can. You’ re coⅡ1ing across as
a self-starte△ a prOblem solve⒈ When you actually wⅡ te your吒 sumo,use the 50
language of your neld, ProbleⅡ 1so1ver is a pos⒒ iⅤe teIⅡ I in most nelds,but it
may orrnay not be right£ or adve⒒ ising。 GiⅤen what you’ve done,you cou1d have
headings for WRITING EXPERIENCE, CREATING ADⅤ ERTISEMENTs,PLANNING PROMOTIoNAL CANIPAIGNs,RESEARCH,and sPEAKING,wⅡh a1ist ofitems under cach one. Ⅱ 55
12 “Your rosumo is going to make you1ook quaⅡ fied. IⅡ ghly quaⅡ Iied.other
students are going to rcad it and say,‘ Butshe has done so much. I haⅤen’ t done
anything.’ They’ re going to fec1justthe way you felt when you said you hadh’ t
done much in the last four years, ]But you have done a1ot. You’ 111ook great in
your resumo. Anyone can,who understands the optioⅡs and who puts in the ume 60
and energy.”
13 Ofco1Ⅱ se,A11yson sti11had to tinker with headⅡ gs,deode what det缸lsto use,
and cxperi1nent with1ayout and spacing.
(Adapted from Locke△ K.O.2006。 BcJsj刀6s夕刀歹
'‘
为彳加1沁rrcr”ε∞ ″″m“n讠cGrjo刀 .
7伍 ed.New York∶ McGraw HⅢ。)
22h the first paragraph,the wⅡ ter mentions A11yson to hgh1ight
A the dimculty ofwⅡ ting a“ sumO
B the relevance ofpart-timejobs h a“ sulne
C the importance ofseekng help in writing a rosumo
23 In wⅡ ting her resum。,A11yson’ s expeⅡ encc in a1aw frn1can be considered as
A iⅡelevant
B insumc1ent
C Lteplaceable
24 The ins饣uctor was impressed w⒒ hA11yson’ s achievement at the resta刂 ant because
A the instmctor can relate to the expeⅡ ence
B AⅡyson has飞Vorked for a reputable restaurant
C A11yson has shown abⅡ ities that suit her ature career
25%s仍″氵vc肋纟c笏莎(line4⑴ means
A tobese1ected
B tobe i11terv忆 wed
C to be recoⅡ vncnded
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'm99汕
(1ine41、 ⒒suggests that
A ithas Ⅱ刨北i1i″
B Liso刂 e。讨ve :C "has appe耐
ˉ
27What doe怂 the h岬¢ say about伍etempIˉo3`臼”oJycr·(1蚰s1'
A It may notsuitthe need§ ofan涎溺 βement agency.
B R灬 曲Ⅱl盯 to self-start∝ `
C 耻desc五bes Allysoo we11‘
⒛ ‰ hsmctor may be des耐bed as
∷ A competentinherjob
B expenenced h羽 ⅧⅡsmg
C aqu耐ned0areer advisOr
z,The nna1.paragraph血 琪确 thnt
·A Allyson wiⅡ be able to Complete her‘ sl1【 JE1彐ut,som
B A11ysom h agai11st the虫血‘“烛m茁
C AllysO1L needs moFe pmcjce
咖 :·
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I If it seems like disastcrs are ge钆 ing morc col1mon,it’ s because they are。 Butsome disasters do seem to be affecting us worse-ˉ and not forthe reasons you rnay
think. F1oods and sto.Ⅱ Is haⅤe led to mOst ofthe excess damage∶ :Γhe number of
且ood and storm disasters has gone up by7,4per cent evcry year in recent decades,
aCCording to伍e Centrc for Research on the E五 dem0logy of Disasters。 Of the 5tota1197Π1i11ion peop1e aσ ected by disasters in2007,164Ⅱ 1i11ion were affected
by且 oods.
2 It is tempthg to look at伍 e Ⅱnc-up of stO1⋯s in the Atlant忆 (Hanna,Ike,
JoscphinΘ and blame c1imε1te change for thk虬 ate of afairs。 But thcre o another
inconⅤenient缸uth out there∶ We are gc⒒ ing more vu1nerable to wea伍 er most1y 10
becausc ofwhere we1ive,notjust how we live.
3 In recent decades,peop1e around the world haⅤ e moⅤ ed en massc to big cities
near wate⒈ The population ofbΙiami-Dade County in F1oⅡ da was about150000
in the1930s,a decade fraught、 vith severe hur【 △canes. since1hen,the popu1ation
of⒈压iaⅡ1i-Dade County has rocketed1600per cent to2400000, So伍 e same 15
intens⒒ y hurrlcane today wrcaks a11sorts Of havoc that wOuldn’ t have occt】 rred
had human beings notrnigratcd.
4 If cⅡ mate change is having an effect on the intensities of stor1ns, it’ s not
obvious in the historica1weather data. And、``hatever efect it is having is rnuch,
much smaⅡ er than the efcct of deⅤ elopment a1ong the coast1incs. In fact,ifyou 20
1ook at a11stoHms Ilon△ 1900to2005and imagine we had today’ s popu1ations on
the coasts,you wou1d see thatthe wOrst h11【 1ricane wou1d have actually happened
in1926.
5 Ifit happencd today,the Great⒈汪iaIui sto.Ⅱ I、Vould havc caused$140to$157
bi11on in damages.(HuⅡcane Katrha,thc cost1忆 st stO1Ⅱ Iin U。 S.Ⅱstory,caused 25
$100bⅡⅡon in1osses。 ) “There has bcen no trend in(he number or intens△ y of
stoIⅡ Is at1andfa11since1900,’’says Pieke,a professor ofenviromenta1studies at
the UⅡⅤer盅ty ofCo1orado。“The“o1⋯s伍emselⅤ es haven’ t Changed.”
6 What’ s changed is、Ⅳhat we’Ⅴe put in the stoIⅡ I’s Way. CrOwding together in
coasta1c⒒ ies puts us at Ⅱsk on a fe、〃leⅤ e1s. Firs1it is harder for us to evacuate 30
before a stoIⅡI because ofgod1ock。 And in much ofthe deve1oping world,peop1e
don’t get the kinds of carly w盯 血ngs that AmeⅡ cans get.So largc mlgrant
populatons gct且 ooded out year after yea⒈ That helps exp1ain why A⒍a hⅡ
repeatedly been曲e hardest Ⅱt by山 sasters in recent years.Secondy even fwe
get。11the humans to safe饥 we still have more stufiⅡ harln、 way.So each big 35hu彐Hcane costs rnore than the big one before it eⅤen controⅡing for inIlation.
7 Butthe rnostinsidious efect ofbuⅡ ding condos and industry along the wateris
that we are systematica11ys缸 pping the coasts ofthe protection that used to℃ ushion
the blow ofextreme weathe⒈ Three years aacr Kh缸 na,southe∏1Louisiana is sti11
1osing a footba11field worth ofwetlands eⅤ ery38Ⅱ1inutes. 40
8 “Human beings haⅤe been cleaong away our best protections a11over the
world,’’says Kath1een Tiemey,d“ector of the Na仉 ral Hazards Center at the
U山 er⒍ty of Co1orado,“ The namral protectons are dimin灬 Ⅱng—whether
you’re talking about mangrove forests h areas afFec饴d oy the In山an ocean
tsunan1i or wetlands in the Gu1f Coast or forests,which ofFer protection against 45
lands1ides and Fnuds1ides.”
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9 Before we become hopelessly lostin despai△ howeve△ there k gOod news∶ wecan do someu1ing about this problem。 We can enact rneaningf、11buⅡ ding codes
and stop keephg insurance premiums引限noally low in no。 dz。nes。 But£阝t
we nced to understand曲 at dsasters aren’ tjust Caused oy FEMA and gTeenhouse 50gases. Says Tiemey∶ “
I don’tthink that people have an understanding ofquestions
they shou1d be asking— ab0ut where伍 ey1iⅤe,about design and construction,
about b碰 lding inspecton,nre pr。 tecton,These just aren’ t thhgs that are on
peop1e’s lninds.”
10 Increasingly,cⅡ mate change is on people’ s rninds,and thatis a11for the bette⒈ 55
Even if cⅡmate change has not been the primary(jbl∶ iver of disaster losses,it is
lⅡ∈(;ly to cause far deadⅡer disasters in the ature if1eR unchecked.
11 “But even ifgreenhouse gas eⅡ1issions p1un11ueted rniracu1ous1y next year,we
wOuld not expectto see a big change in(Ⅱ saster1osses. So it’ s important to stay
focused on the rea1cause of the problem,” says Pieke. ‘‘Talking about land-use 60
polioes h coastal MississⅡm mayn。tbe伍e ho⒒est to9c,but that’ s what、 gongto rnake thc rnost diferencc On this issuc.”
mdapted fr。 mr切彳召,september3,200ω
30 The fo11oⅥ汀ng ideas are found in paragraph1except
A Iloods and sto.⒒ 且s happen Fnore oRen than o伍 er natural disasters
B n。。ds and sto.I.Is are the1nost des“ uctiⅤe ofnatura1disasters
C mostna仅ral disaster Ⅴictims were Ⅴictims offlOods
D dsasters are occuⅡng more frequently
31 .¨切ε@刀 v纟刀招刀r rr,砀 αhe10)refers to
A Ⅱne-up of stoIⅡ Is
B cl订nate change
C where weⅡ ve
D how、ve1ive
32 The rnain idea ofparagraph3is
A the popuIaton OfMhm⒈ Dade County has hcreased largely due to migraton
B huJ忆anes are stronger in inten⒍ ty and cause more destructon than befOre
C the huⅡ icanes h the193Os caused less damage伍 an the ones today
D hu口Hcanes caused more des订 uCtion because ofrnass了nigration'
33 IⅡ storical、veather data shows that
A the great ⅣⅡ盯ni stoIⅡ 1Caused rnore damages than HlIrncane Ka订 ina
B there has been no change in the strengJ1of stoIⅡ Is flon△ 1900to2005
C the number ofhunHcanes has been on the increase since1900
D the1926hur1△ cane was the most destmctivc
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34 Ash o砀 c乃曰喊es矽 屁jr0'湘 ns次″T αhe3θ.The m缸 n reason for tho、
A too1nany people1ive along1he coast
B itisclimcu1tt。 evacuate people
C itis cost1y to reduCe the impact
D there is no early waming syste1n '
35 Which ofthe folloⅥ 泛ng is the topic sentence壬 or paragraph6?
A ″%曰矿jC乃曰ngcd js lo〃‰曰r wchvcP,r切 砀召src,r昭 s㈧唧 ~
B sc,丨α璁 cz″9grc刀r`op笏助切 刀s淫F,知 odedo笏 r`cGr四刃cr`召εr
C Crovo巛^饣
″g rogc饬召r扔 c0箔勿
`c莎
rj邰
`勿
沁 掰 曰r刀s庀 @刀 σ虍 v勋昭 Js’ .
D 1%ε 曰c肋 D哲 肋功〃 jc曰刀0Cos沁 昭o昭 仂曰刀砀εD愆 @刀召Dc/o昭 丸 召※妫 c0刀rro历鳄 /or'矽切 j@刀.
36.¨ l〃召c夕刀Jb s@阴纟砀 J刀g日3o″r刀b沁
``vD及
”m.(1ines47and48).The wⅡter o of伍 e opiⅡ on that
A man尔 responsble for仇e losses caused by namra1山 sasters
B there are Fnore fo1Ⅱ1s ofnatural disasters today
C rnan is powerless against Ⅱamra1tⅡsasters
D natural disasters are ge倪 ing more severe
37 What pointis Pieke n△ⅡoⅡg iⅡ the1ast paragraph?
A Reduce greeⅡ house gasses
B Focus on coastalland-use poⅡ cies
C Expect no change in disasterlosses
D Investigate the reasons£ or the problem
15
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£冫狄万莎莎@刀s38ro453邵纟歹o刀 砀cヵ J`@w莎驾
`邻s日g召。
1 N。u1ing1ike it had been attempted before,and eⅤ en NASAs experts wondered
if it could rea11y wOrk。 ]But after rnonitoⅡ ng the data,there was1itt1e doubt that
they had to do somethingˉ -or e1sc lose∞ ntact with their space probe foreve⒈
Launched in1977,Voyager1had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and
Saturn and1hen soared out Ofthe sokr systen1on a oneˉ way Ⅱ1ission to the stars.
But after25years ofexposure to the frigid temperatures ofdeep space,the probe
was begi1Ⅱ1ing to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the bⅡ nk of faiⅡ ng,
and with the probe 12500bi1Ⅱ on kilome饣 es from Earth there seemed no伍ing
anyOne could do, Unless,that is,the NASA engineers cOuld sOmehow get a
message to Voyager1,instmcting itto dust ofsome spares and use those instead.
2 In ApⅡ 12002,one of曲 c huge ramo dshes be1onging to NAsAs Deep Space
Ne小Ⅳork sent the message out into伍 e depths of space. Even订 aVe11ing at the
speed of lig⒒,it toOk OⅤ er11 hours to reach its targe1far beyond the orbit of
Pluto. Ye1the1itt1e probe managed to hear the ΩⅡnt ca11】lona its home p1ane1
and success血11y made the switch-oⅤ e⒈ It was the longest distance rep碰 r job
in Ⅱstory,and a“umph forthe NASA en£ 雪ineers.But⒒ also hi£当h1圯⒒ed the
astonishing power of techniques develOped by an Arne"can communiCations
engineerwhohad diedjustayearearlier,named C1aude Shamon.In the1940s,he
had single-handedly cre狨 ed an entire sc忆 Ⅱce ofcommu血caton Whch has蓝nce
found its way into a host of apphcations,from DVDs to satel1ite cO11muniCation
to barcode-— aη冂d1ere,in sho⒒,where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet
accwatcly.
3 Known as Info】 ⅡIation Theory,it uⅡderpiⅡ s1nany oftoday’ s mostimpo⒒ ant
techno1ogies. ButnOw a who1e Ⅱe、v area of application is s丽 ng to emerge—
one Ⅵ砬th profound implications for the very namre of space and tⅡ ne。 Someof伍e world’ s leading physicists believe that hfoI⋯ ation Theory holds伍 e key
to understanding some of the most profound mysteoes in the cosmOs,ion△ 1hc
nature ofblack ho1es to the very Fncaning ofreaⅡ t∶y、
4 Th沁 a11seemsl屯ht-years awayfromthe down-to-ea⒒huses Shannon oⅡ ghalˇ
had for his wOrk,which began when he was a22-year-o1d graduate engineering
student at the prestigious⒈ 江assachusetts Inst⒈ ute of Techno1ogy in1939. IIe set
out wi伍 an apparently⒍mple缸m∶ to,n down the precise mcaning ofthe cOncept
of“infonnation” ,The mostbasic fo1ⅡI ofinfo1Ⅱ Iajon,Shannon argued,is whether
som汕ing is truc Or fa1se-which can be captured by a single binary mit or“ bir’ ,
of the fo1ⅡI1 or0. HaⅤ ing identified d1is fundamenta1unit,Shannon set about
denning otherwise vague ideas aboutinfo.Ⅱ 1ation and trans1ni⒒ing it丘 onl place to
place. In the process he discoⅤ ered something surprising∶ it is always possible to
guarantee messages get through randorn inference-ˉ ‘‘noise” -ˉ亠ntact. The tnck,
Shannon showed,is to Iind ways of packaging upˉ ˉ‘‘cOding”亠-ˉinfoⅡnation to
cope w"h the ravages ofCode,whⅡ e stⅡ 1staying wi伍 in the infoIⅡ Iation-ca臼、砬ng
capacity—‘‘bandwidth’
’-—ofthe communic乱 ion system.
5 Shannon a1so laid the foundations for efncient ways of stoⅡ ng infoIⅡ .ation,
by血 pping out unnecessaryˉ J‘redundanr9— bits from data which con仂 ibuted
Ⅱ优1e rea1info1Ⅱ .ation.As1nobⅡ e phone text-messages1ike‘ △CN C U” show,
it is oftcn possib1e to stnp out a lot of data withOut1oshη g much meaning. As
with eⅡ or-coⅡeCtion,howeⅤ er,there’ sa1iInit beyond which messages become
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too ambiguous。 shannon showed how to calculate this1iInit,opening the way to
the des廴罗1ofcompression Fnethods that cram maxhnum info.I【 .ation into Fnini1nal
space.
6 Not surpⅡ sing1y,Shannon’s pubⅡ ca伍on in1948ofA l汀athematica1Theory of 50
CoⅡⅡnunicationwas quicklyrecognised as atuΠ 1ing-pointintechnologicalhistory.
Yet shallnon Ⅱmselfre血 sed to take partin what he saw as hype。 Iro"cally,hints
were already emerging伍 at Info...1at0n Theory was eⅤen ugger由 an eⅤen“s
most en伍usiastic advocates beheⅤ ed。
(Adapted frOm Robert Matthew岛 25B哲 砌 四召,Oneworld Oxford,2006)
38 Which ofthe fo11owhg is not an obstacle that cou1d prevent NASA from making contact wi伍
Voyager1?
A Dotance from earth
B Lack ofspare pads
C Low temperamres
D Age ofVoyager1
39 The wnter cites the example ofVoyager1to highⅡ ght
A theh圯hly spe。 al跽ed work ofNASA en纽 neers
B the spectacuIarimages sent ofh∮ter and Sattlm
C the successa】 l appⅡ cation ofinfoI11Iation technology
D thedi伍 cu1ties invo1ved in cO11ml】 nicating with Voyager1
40 The1nain idea ofparagraph2is
A byager1was repa“ du⒍ng eⅡo⒈coⅡeCtion signals
B theemc1ency ofNAs'rs Deep Space Ne“ 〃ork
C the power ofsateⅡ ite cor1munication
D how datacou1d be sentra【 冫idly
41The word'矽 (1ine21)as used in the passage s屯 nals that some伍 hg o
A unusual
B surpⅡ蛀ng
C impossible
D predictable
42 The fo11oⅥ泛ng discoveries were rnade by Shannon except
A stoⅡng data emcienuy t。 be transmitted
B Ⅱenti彤 ing of伍e smallest element ofinfo.⋯ aton through a⒍ ngle binary u血 t
C codiη g ofinfo.Ⅱ1ation to cope Ⅵ注th h1terference so that the message remains intact
D designing ofcompression IⅡ ethodsto cram max虹 n1Ⅱ n△ infO.ⅡIation into Ⅱlinhnun△ space
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43The诵“⒍m奇Ⅱons the text-meoζ 0ge‘叮cNC u?to殂hsiate
A amb螅讧ty ofInessages
B the oxtcnt ofoⅡ or ooJe⒍on ∶ ∷
c em⒍ ent st。Fage ofⅡ x仁messages ∶ 1
D 负o procρ ss ofdata s“ pp1og ∶
44The wOrd姒阼 (l仉 5纷 refe^” some预鸭 th甜 shamⅡ considers b be
A popular
∶∷B oveJated ∷ ∶
C controver“ al
D ex△aon曲nary
45 A su⒈蓖b1e tiue f。 r the passage灬
A the ntuFe°finn"盯na吐on techno1ogy
B 伍0impact ofinfo.u.耐 o11teGhno1ogy
C the begilⅡ lings ofhJkⅪηnajon technology
D the apphcation° finfo△臼已ⅡoⅡ technology
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