Malaysia Independence
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Transcript of Malaysia Independence
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Malaysia
INDEPENDENCE 1957
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INTRODUCTION
The independence of Malaysia is different from that
of the independence of other countries. It was a
peaceful independence attained by holding talks
with the British. Thus on 31 August 1957, Malaysia
got its independence from the United Kingdom.
Why Malaysia independence.
The important of Malaysia Independence.
The Road to the independent.
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THE ROAD TO
INDEPENDENCE
British Malaya Japanese Occupation
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra
Aj-Haj Independence
The Formation of Malaysia
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British Malaya
The British withdrew from competition with theDutch following the Ambon Massacre of 1623.
The Dutch (allied with the Sultan of Johor)gained control of Malacca from the Portuguesein 1641, but did little with it. The principal Dutchinterest was to direct trade to Batavia (Jakarta).
The British first gained a foothold in Malaya in1786 when the Sultan of Kedah granted theisland of Penang to the East India Company.
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Japanese Occupation After the Japanese Occupation the Malayan Union was proposed to
unify the peninsula under one central administration. Singapore
remained a Crown Colony, but the other British settlements and
protectorates came under the administration of a British High
Commissioner in Kuala Lumpur. The traditional power of the Malay
rulers was restricted, and the large immigrant populations, namely theChinese and the Indians, were accorded citizenship in the new
federation.
Malay opposition to the Malayan Union proposal was powerful, and the
Malayan Union was quickly replaced with the Federation of Malaya and
preparations for self-government began.
But the Malayan Union gave rise to the United Malays National
Organisation (UMNO), then led by Dato' Onn Jaafar, the Menteri Besar
of Johor. Dato' Onn resigned when his idea to open UMNO to non-Malay
participation was opposed by a majority of UMNO members.
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Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Aj-Haj
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Aj-Haj became UMNO's second president.The Tunku was aristocratic, an anglophile and popular among the non-Malays. He was considered ideal for the stewardship of a new nation,and it was him who steered the people of Malaya and Borneo towardspresent-day Malaysia.
However, the road to independence was not without obstacles, thebiggest of which was certainly the uprise of the communists, mostlyfrom Chinese quarters. In 1948, a state of Emergency was declaredwhen communist rebels in Sungai Siput murdered three Europeanplanters. The communists declared an armed struggle to liberate Malayafrom the British and started the bloodiest British undeclared war thatshould last twelve years. Eventually the communists were beatenthrough a combination of aggressive jungle warfare, the cutting-off ofsupplies and the establishment of multi-racial co-operation between therespective race-based parties in Malaya. Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaya'sfirst Prime Minister, declared the Emergency over in 1960.
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Malaysia Independence
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Malay Union
In 1945, the British proposed the Malay Union. The union was to be composed of the nine Malay states
plus Malacca and Penang, but not Singapore.
The nine Malay Sultans would surrender sovereignty tothe union. Laws would no longer require theirratification.
There would be common citizenship for Malays, Chineseand Indians born in Malaya or who had been residentsfor ten years.
A massive protest movement led to the formationof the United Malay National Organization(UMNO).
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Federation of Malaya
The strong reaction to the Malay Union led to a new structure
in 1948, the Federation of Malaya.
Retrocession of sovereignty to the Malay states.
Integration of the states and Malacca and Penang (but not
Singapore) into the new federation.
Citizenship rights restricted to Malays, only.
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Independence Delayed.
The British were withdrawing from everythingeast of Suez. India and Burma had already beengranted independence. Malaya was to be next.
Chinese Communist insurgency began in 1948leading to a declared state of emergency thatlasted until 1960. The Chinese saw the newfederation as imperiling their legal status. TheChinese revolution provided the model ofinsurgency and guerrilla warfare.
The vehicle was the Malayan Communist Party(MCP).
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Independence 1957 Malaya granted
independence in 1957,although the emergency
last until 1960. Tunku Abdul Rahman was
the first P.M. He was anEnglish educated princefrom Kedah. He serveduntil 1970.
He sought to give specialattention to Malays tomakeup for past neglect.
Tunku Abdul Rahman
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Federation of Malaysia 1963
An enlarged Malaysia was formed in 1963 from
Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah.
The British sponsored this arrangement to improve the
viability of the state. Singapore, Sarawak and Sabahwere all British dependencies.
Sarawak and Sabah would balance the largely Chinese
population of Singapore, thus not threatening the
bargain. Singapore remained part of the federation for only two
years.
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MALAYSIA - INDEPENDENCE
AND ONWARD: 1957 - PRESENT In September 1963, Malaysia was officially
established and the Tunku was declared "Bapa
Malaysia" or the Father of Malaysia. The
National Flag was raised for the first time in all13 states and two federal territories of the new
nation on 16 September 1963. In Kota Kinabalu,
then still Jesselton, Tun Fuad Stephens read the
Proclamation of Independence of Sabah throughMalaysia. He was to be Sabahs first Chief
Minister, and later he became Sabahs third Yang
di-Pertua Negri, or Head of State.
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MALAYSIA - INDEPENDENCE
AND ONWARD: 1957 - PRESENT 31 August 1957 is a glorious day in Malaysia that
no Malaysian forgets. History has been made, asthe benefit of the independence is been seen in
every life of every living Malaysian. The Malaysiaindependence gives way to Malaysia's flag whichis based on that of the United States, a countrywhose democratic ideals the young nationsought to emulate upon gaining independence
from Great Britain in 1957. The 14 stripesrepresent Malaysia's states, while the square inthe upper left contains the moon and sun ofIslam.
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CONCLUSION
The now MALAYSIA you see today, was as aresult to the THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE.
Malaysia was a colony of
Portugal, Netherlands andBritain.
Is a constitutional (elected)monarchy, composed of 13states.
Population of 24.4 Million;58% Malay, 26% Chinese &7% Indian.
All Malays are Muslim.
Is the site of the PetronaTowers and Tunku Abdul
Rahman College.
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Malaya became independent in 1957. It became Malaysia
in 1961 when it incorporated Sarawak, Sabah and
Singapore. Singapore seceded peacefully in 1965.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
Nigeria Library for International History Studies
Malaysia Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425.
Africa Encyclopedia for Foreign Studies, pp.8194.
History of Malaysia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malaysia.
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The End