Malaria Essay

7/17/2019 Malaria Essay

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Malaria or Paludism is an infectious disease that is causedby protozoa of the Plasmodium genus. It causes chills and

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high fever. The way of transmission is the bite of theAnopheles mosquito. It was a serious disease in urope andwide areas of the !entral and "outh America until thesecond part of the ## century when it was eradicated from

urope. $owever% nowadays is a very important problem of public health in the tropical and subtropical regions%especially in the African continent. There are more than &''millions of Paludism ills a year% and that causes ( million of deaths... The )'* of the ills live in Africa and are childrenunder +ve years.$uman Malaria is produced by four di,erent parasites. Allthem with similar symptomatology that present periodicrelapses-

Plasmodium viva causes the less serious Malaria.Plasmodium falciparum is the responsible of the mostcauses of death.Plasmodium malaria. It has a longer incubation period.Plasmodium ovale.

/uring the incubation process the protozoa developed intothe hepatic cells. "ome days before the +rst manifestationthe microorganism reaches the erythrocytes that aredestroyed by the protozoa development% and the feverappears.

"ince (0&1 the treatment against the Malaria is based onthe use of an etract of the bar2 of the 3uina tree. Thequinine a,ects to the development of the protozoa in theblood but it is toic to humans.In ()&' was synthesised the Atabrine that is less toic thanthe quinine. The results against the Plasmodium are bettertoo.After the "econd 4ar 4orld the scienti+c develop thecloroquina. It is used to prevent and cure completely someof the Malaria diseases and it is less toic that precedentmedicines.$owever the Plasmodium falciparum have developedresistance in 5ietnam% Malaya Peninsula% Africa and "outhAmerica% where quinine have to be used again. Anotherproblem is that some Anopheles mosquito has becomeresistant to powerful insecticides such as //T% with the

result of new malaria outbrea2s in certain tropical countries.

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Moreover% cologist organizations are against the use of these potent insecticides.Medical investigators such as Manuel Patarroyo aresearching to discover a universal vaccine against the

Malaria. Investigations are based in the genomes of theplasmodium and the transmission agents% Anopheles% to+nd therapeutics against the disease and to control thepopulations of the transmission agents.

The abovemicroscopicimageshows the

Plasmodium Protozoa that infect the erythrocytes and cause$uman Malaria. The Protozoa are transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito in the subtropical and tropical regions.Malaria causes chills% fever and occasionally the death.

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Plasmodium protozoaPlasmodium infection

3uina tree



The 3uina Tree. The bar2 of this sudamerican tree containsquinina% a medicine to treat the Malaria.

The Anopheles Mosquito infected with Plasmodium Protozoabite someone. Then the infectious germens enter thehepatic cells where they reproduce aseually and producethe brea2ing of the cells. The second generation infects theblood cells and causes the brea2ing that a,ects to the

infected person with fever crisis. The Plasmodium is able toproduce seual gametes in the blood cells. 4hen theAnopheles mosquito bites an infected person the gametesare in the blood and the fecundations ta2es place in thedigestive tube and develop until reaching the salivaryglands. Then when the Mosquito bites a new person thePlasmodium life cycle begins.

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Plasmodium 6ife !ycle

7egions of the world a,ected by the Malaria



Plasmodium is present in many regions of the world and insome of them it has became genetic resistant to thecloroquina.

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The scienti+c community has to do a great ;ob to +nd thede+nitive vaccine for the malaria that 2ills millions of children less than < years in Africa% subtropical countriesand tropical countries.

The great insecticides =li2e //T> are not a solution for this

mosquito% because they 2ill unselective insects.

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• www.malariavaccine.org

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Malaria Essay

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