Making the PeaceMaking the Peace

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Section 4Section 4

The Cost of WarThe Cost of War In the end, In the end, 8.5 million8.5 million people were dead. Double that people were dead. Double that

number were wounded and handicapped.number were wounded and handicapped. By 1918, the world was hit by a deadly By 1918, the world was hit by a deadly pandemicpandemic of of

influenza. influenza. A pandemic is the spread of disease across an A pandemic is the spread of disease across an entire country, continent, or even the world.entire country, continent, or even the world.

In just a few months, the flu killed 20 million people around the world.

Most of the land from France to Russia was shelled into rubble. The cost of the war was staggering. The Allies blamed their defeated foes, and insisted that they pay reparations, or payments for war damages.

This stunned the Central Powers, who saw the armistice as a cease-fire and not a surrender.

Armistice, an agreement to end fighting.

Political TurmoilPolitical Turmoil Under the stress of war, governments collapsed in Under the stress of war, governments collapsed in RussiaRussia, ,

GermanyGermany, , Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary, and , and Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire.. Unrest swept through Europe’s colonial empires. Unrest swept through Europe’s colonial empires. AfricanAfrican

and and AsianAsian soldiers discovered that the imperial powers soldiers discovered that the imperial powers were not a invincible as the seemed.were not a invincible as the seemed.

Colonial troopsColonial troops began to gain renewed hope for began to gain renewed hope for independenceindependence..

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference The Big ThreeThe Big Three- The Allied leaders who controlled the - The Allied leaders who controlled the

peace conference.peace conference.

1.1. The United States-The United States- Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson

2.2. Great Britain-Great Britain- David Lloyd George (Prime Minister) David Lloyd George (Prime Minister)

3.3. France-France- Georges Clemenceau Georges Clemenceau

Both Both Britain and FranceBritain and France demanded demanded harshharsh treatment against treatment against Germany.Germany.

Wilson stuck to his Wilson stuck to his self-determinationself-determination and and Fourteen Fourteen Points Points

He also believed that the He also believed that the League of NationsLeague of Nations should be should be based on the idea of based on the idea of collective securitycollective security, a system in , a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve peace which a group of nations acts as one to preserve peace for all.for all.

The Big ThreeThe Big Three

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles-Treaty of Versailles- treaty that ended World War I treaty that ended World War I 1919, peacemakers summoned representatives from the 1919, peacemakers summoned representatives from the

new new German RepublicGerman Republic to the palace of to the palace of VersaillesVersailles to sign to sign the treaty drawn up by the Allies.the treaty drawn up by the Allies.

It forced Germany to assume It forced Germany to assume full blamefull blame for the war. for the war. It imposed huge It imposed huge reparationsreparations on Germany, crumbling their on Germany, crumbling their

economyeconomy Total cost of German reparations-- Total cost of German reparations-- $30 billion$30 billion..

The treaties created a system of The treaties created a system of mandatesmandates, territories , territories administered by western powers.administered by western powers.

Britain and France gained mandates of German colonies in Britain and France gained mandates of German colonies in AfricaAfrica and and Middle EastMiddle East..