Making of Making of Modern Modern

WorldWorldHow did Europe, especiallyHow did Europe, especially

England, come to dominate England, come to dominate the world?the world?

Let’s Get OrientedLet’s Get Oriented

Ice Ages – Ice Ages – Hunters/Gatherers Between Hunters/Gatherers Between

Ice AgesIce Ages

England Covered with England Covered with ForestForest

Land Cleared for Land Cleared for FarmingFarming

Stonehenge – 2500 BCEStonehenge – 2500 BCENeo-lithic FarmersNeo-lithic Farmers

Phoenician/Greek TradePhoenician/Greek Trade

England – Part of Roman England – Part of Roman EmpireEmpire

Hadrian’s WallHadrian’s Wall

Invasion of EnglandInvasion of Englandby Angles/Saxonxby Angles/Saxonx

Some Rough YearsSome Rough Years500-700 Early Dark Ages500-700 Early Dark Ages

Meanwhile…. In the rest Meanwhile…. In the rest of the world…..of the world…..

1066 – William the 1066 – William the ConquerorConqueror

Feudalism: Wheat and Feudalism: Wheat and WoolWool

Richard III - CrusadeRichard III - Crusade

Magna CartaMagna Carta

1215

Limits Power of King

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Weakens the King of EnglandWeakens the King of England

This turns out to be a big thingThis turns out to be a big thing

England – weak King, ProtestantEngland – weak King, Protestant France, Spain – Strong Kings, Strong France, Spain – Strong Kings, Strong

ChurchChurch (which is apt to think for themselves?)(which is apt to think for themselves?)

Late Middle Ages – Fortified Late Middle Ages – Fortified Towns, Larger CastlesTowns, Larger Castles

On The FringeOn The Fringe

Can You Explain This Can You Explain This Chart?Chart?

Black Death: Creative Black Death: Creative Destruction – A New Destruction – A New

Start \Ends Start \Ends

Wool IndustryWool Industry

100 Year War with France100 Year War with France1337 - 14531337 - 1453

China Withdraws from China Withdraws from Global SceneGlobal Scene

The Big SwitchThe Big Switch1453 – Fall of 1453 – Fall of

ConstantinopleConstantinople

Renaissance: Renaissance: London is Little!!! Middle is London is Little!!! Middle is

Messy!Messy!Italy is Trade/Art/Culture center ~ Western Europe wants Italy is Trade/Art/Culture center ~ Western Europe wants

in…..in…..II

New Ways of ThinkoingNew Ways of Thinkoing

Leonardo: individual, free, original Leonardo: individual, free, original thinkingthinking

Medici – new systems of banking Medici – new systems of banking and tradeand trade

Machiavelli – new ideas about power Machiavelli – new ideas about power and governing.and governing.

Henry VIII – Breaks from Henry VIII – Breaks from ChurchChurch

Free From Control of Church

Religious Diversity

Freedom of Expression, Thought

Sir Issac Newton

John Locke

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

A HUGE STEP in Weakening the A HUGE STEP in Weakening the power of church.power of church.

INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITYINDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY

Early European Explorers –Early European Explorers –Spain and Portugal FirstSpain and Portugal First

Remember that SPICE ISLAND EXCHANGE - England gave up Nutmeg Island for Manhatten!!!

Guns, Germs, SteelGuns, Germs, Steel

England and the S WordEngland and the S Word

England isn’t so interested in Spice – England isn’t so interested in Spice – they are late to the game…..they are late to the game…..

Taken an interest in TEATaken an interest in TEA Loves SUGARLoves SUGAR Slave TradeSlave Trade While looking for TEA run into While looking for TEA run into

COTTONCOTTON

MERCANTILISM!!MERCANTILISM!!

My colonies make me rich. They My colonies make me rich. They provide us with raw materials and provide us with raw materials and buy our exports.buy our exports.

MercantilismMercantilism

Bring wealth home to the Mother Bring wealth home to the Mother CountryCountry

Makes PSFED rich and powerful.Makes PSFED rich and powerful. P and S will weaken significantP and S will weaken significant

ENGLAND: Explored Late and Headed North and West - Canada

Puritans Motivate British Puritans Motivate British ExplorationExploration

Enlightenment IdeasEnlightenment Ideas

British Ideas are applied in British British Ideas are applied in British 13 Colonies.13 Colonies.

English/Enlightenment IdeasEnglish/Enlightenment Ideas Are challenging old ideasAre challenging old ideas of power and Monarchyof power and Monarchy These ideas especially strongThese ideas especially strong In EnglandIn England LOCKE, HOBBESLOCKE, HOBBES

Thirteen Colonies:Thirteen Colonies:British Settle with FamiliesBritish Settle with Families

1757 – England defeats 1757 – England defeats France for American France for American

EmpireEmpire

England Controls India:England Controls India:Control That Cotton!!!Control That Cotton!!!

Battle of PlasseyBattle of Plassey

Lots of Coal in EnglandLots of Coal in England

TechnologyTechnology

Industrial Revolution

Lots of Technology

Steam

Built Navy, Ships

Rail Roads

Get advantage over others

England Dominates Textile England Dominates Textile ProductionProduction

British Demand For Cotton British Demand For Cotton Fuels Slavery in AmericaFuels Slavery in America

Civil War: England turns its Civil War: England turns its back on Americaback on America

England Looks Elsewhere England Looks Elsewhere for Cottonfor Cotton

Others OccupiedOthers Occupied

England Rules the Waves England Rules the Waves and Waives the Rulesand Waives the Rules

Don’t forget about Don’t forget about EUROPEEUROPE Grounded in early Greek and Roman Grounded in early Greek and Roman

Civilizations – language, values, religoin, etc.Civilizations – language, values, religoin, etc. Stored and protected by Islamic CaliphateStored and protected by Islamic Caliphate Venice and Italian City States link in more with Venice and Italian City States link in more with

caliphate – A different new approach. Not land caliphate – A different new approach. Not land but $$$ . More urbanbut $$$ . More urban

Black Death – creative destructionBlack Death – creative destruction 1453 – Power to the PSFED. – Renaissance ideas 1453 – Power to the PSFED. – Renaissance ideas

flee as well. Become strong kingdomsflee as well. Become strong kingdoms Mercantilism infuses with lots of new stuff – Mercantilism infuses with lots of new stuff –

gold, silvergold, silver China, Ottoman empires out. China, Ottoman empires out. Who has coal! Power will follow you.Who has coal! Power will follow you.

Last Man Standing?Last Man Standing?

China RetreatsChina Retreats 1453 – Blocks Trade, Arab World=Land,1453 – Blocks Trade, Arab World=Land,

Europe = Ocean. Europe = Ocean.

Portugal, Spain weaken earlyPortugal, Spain weaken early

Dutch will remain strong but not expansiveDutch will remain strong but not expansive

France distracted by RevolutionFrance distracted by Revolution

Mainland Europe worn down by warMainland Europe worn down by war

Little Resistance from Native Americans - Little Resistance from Native Americans -

Britain can be innovativeBritain can be innovative

Magna Carta – long history of weak KingMagna Carta – long history of weak King More freedom to think for themselves and More freedom to think for themselves and

govern themselvesgovern themselves Protestantism stresses individual initiativeProtestantism stresses individual initiative Enlightenment HUGE in England Enlightenment HUGE in England Locke and Hobbes – natural rights, social Locke and Hobbes – natural rights, social

contract etc.contract etc. Free to innovate – awesome technology forFree to innovate – awesome technology for Textile industry, ship- building, explorationTextile industry, ship- building, exploration

An IslandAn Island

ProtectionProtection Forces England out to get what they Forces England out to get what they

needneed Makes for a strong NAVYMakes for a strong NAVY An outlier for the earlier yearsAn outlier for the earlier years Great location when trade routes Great location when trade routes

changed directionchanged direction Moderate climate – food securityModerate climate – food security

Geographic Luck? Geographic Luck?

Guns, Germs Steel?Guns, Germs Steel?

Domestication Plants/AnimalsDomestication Plants/Animals HorsesHorses Guns/SwordsGuns/Swords Communication Technology – Communication Technology –

PrintingPrinting Disease Disease Shape of the Continents,Shape of the Continents,

England Dominates England Dominates WorldWorld

The Empire doesn’t fit on The Empire doesn’t fit on a map!a map!