Making Killarney’s Tourism More Sustainable
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Transcript of Making Killarney’s Tourism More Sustainable
Making Killarney’s Making Killarney’s Tourism More Tourism More SustainableSustainable
Making Killarney’s Making Killarney’s Tourism More Tourism More SustainableSustainable
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
1) Introductions1) Introductions
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
2) Overview of Project2) Overview of Project
Conferences
Canada
Turkey
UK
Ireland
ChaptersPhD
PG Dip
Level of ‘Sustainability’ ExpertiseLevel of ‘Sustainability’ Expertise
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
Original ‘Indicator’ ProjectOriginal ‘Indicator’ Project
Sustainable Tourism Development:
Toward the Mitigation of Tourism
Destination Impacts
Challenge‘The development
of an environmentally
integrated tourism destination
management model’
FundingIrish Environmental Protection Agency
under national scheme - €317,000
funding
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
How to Conceptualise How to Conceptualise Sustainability ?Sustainability ?
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
OR
Dimensions of SustainabilityTheme / Issue Indicative subject Material
Triple Bottom LineCombined economic / environmental / socio-cultural impacts // Philosophical analysis / examination of
sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
Physical integrity (biodiversity / condition of wildlife) // Environmental Purity (water / air quality) // Status of protected habitats / protected buildings // Noise / visual impacts / landscapes // Global warming / CO 2 footprint
Socio-Cultural Sustainability
Local folklore and historic sites // Importance and state of local culture (richness) // Tourism impact on local customs/communities
Economic SustainabilityEconomic impact // Economic competitiveness / viability (leakages / sustainability) // Cost of living //
Appropriate level of investment // Tourist spend // Quality / vibrancy of employment
Resource Management Issues
Carrying capacity / controlling intensity of usage // Resource (water) availability / supply / treatment // Landuse // Transport management / access transport / road congestion & pressure/transport policies // Efficiency of resource usage (water / energy / waste / recycling) // Management of ancillary visitor amenities and services // Maintenance of local distinctiveness / variety of experience
Sustainable PracticesEnvironmental management policies and use of best practices at tourism businesses // Adoption of sustainable
practices // Sustainability awards and schemes // Eco-labelling
Social ResponsibilitySocial equity (gender equity) // Disability access // Workers rights/immigration // Sex Tourism /
exploitation of young people
Community/Resident Impacts
Local prosperity // Population trends // Community / resident attitudes / satisfaction // Local Access to/use of assets // Community benefits / wellbeing
Tourism Businesses/ Destination
Tourism partnerships – networks, marketing, cooperation // Appropriate scale of enterprise // Maintaining image / identity // Participation of business in service quality / excellence schemes
Visitor Characteristics and Perceptions
Visitor profile / visitor payback // Visitor satisfaction / fulfilment // Tourist motivation to visit // Tourist expectation re-crowding // Level of repeat business // Tourist perception of local management // Tourist perception of local population // Tourist satisfaction with transport
Sustainable Management Community involvement / awareness / control // Integrating tourism into local / regional planning //
Assessment of administrative goals // Performance measurement // Clear and capable management of tourism / tourists // Monitoring and maintenance of regulations / performance / policies // Legislation
Health & Safety Health // Diseases / epidemics etc // Tourist security // Local / public safety
Three Strand ApproachThree Strand Approach(evolved from Carrying Capacity model)(evolved from Carrying Capacity model)
Strand 1: Quantifiable Dimensions
Strand 2: Qualitative Perspectives
Strand 3: Integration and refinement of data
Quantifiable DimensionsPhysical
DimensionsEcological
DimensionsEconomic Dimensions
Water supply*Land supply*Energy supplyTransport* Parking facilitiesVisitor amenities*Accommodation
Flora*Fauna*Water*Air*LandscapeGeologyArchaeology & HistoryCulture
Cost of Living*Seasonality of tourismEmployment patterns/Labour* Participation rates by genderLanduse patternsTourist spend* Swings in local economic prosperityInvestment*Technology*
* = Key dimensions of Carrying Capacity Web
Strand 1Dimensions
Data Acquired for Inventory
Potential use as
Carrying Capacity Indicator
Possible Additional Information to be
Acquired (identified data gaps)
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
Transport
Description of availability and access (road, rail, air and water)
Study of amenity routes e.g. cycle paths, walkways
Counts of parking allocations
Access to foreshore of lake
Basic study conducted assessing public transport
Planning restrictions applicable to local road
Preliminary studies conducted in traffic congestion
Preliminary investigation of car parking facilities and signage
Candidate IndicatorsCandidate Indicators
Strand 1Dimensions
Data Acquired for Inventory
Potential use as
Carrying Capacity Indicator
Possible Additional
Information to be Acquired
(identified data gaps)
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Flora and Fauna(incl. Habitats)
Qualitative descriptions of protected habitats and associated flora and fauna species (Site Synopses for Conservation Areas - NHAs, SACs & SPAs)
√ Length of degraded lake shoreline habitat
Counts for summer bird species
Number of endangered species
Counts for sensitive mammal and flora species
Number, extent and status of protected habitats in the study area.
√
Annual counts for wetland bird species (IWeBs Summary Data 1999-2004)
?
Fisheries status of key rivers in study area.
√
Electrofishing (fish count) data for key rivers (2004)
√
Census of returning adult salmon to Shannon Fishery (1960 -2000)
?
GraphicGraphicDataData
Qualitative PerspectivesCommunity Tolerance
Visitor Satisfaction
Political Administration
Access
Involvement
Quality of Life
Beneficiaries
Tourist Behaviour
VolumeBehaviourService LevelsHospitality
GoalsCapabilitiesPriorityJurisdictionsPolicies
Qualitative Data CollectionQualitative Data Collection
Community Tolerance
Visitor Satisfaction
Political Administration
481 postal surveys collected in 2005
423 face to face surveys conducted from March to November 2005
20 Strategic Conversations with key tourism stakeholders
Focus groups with local tourism groups
Candidate IndicatorsCandidate IndicatorsCommunity Tolerance Visitor Satisfaction Political
AdministrationResident attitudes to issuesResident awareness and attitudes regarding tourismResident attitude to quality of tourism and how it affects themTourism impact on local customs
Visitor profileMotivations to visitExpectations regarding crowdingLevel of repeat businessPerceptions of local managementSatisfaction with managementTourist spend
Assessment of administrative goals (Environmental, economic, social and administrative)Clear and capable management of tourismMonitoring and maintenance of regulations
Heritage
Air QualityParticipation in energy saving / use of renewable fuels // Overall air quality data for the
study area // Specific Pollution / Emissions i.e. CO2 - airlines / accommodation – important
Archaeology and History
Local folklore Local monuments & places of interests // Local History // Record of History and Archaeology
CultureLocal (Irish) language // Local festivals // Local culture // Local customs // Local
sports // Local placename
Flora & Fauna
Annual counts for wetland bird species (IWeBs Summary Data 1999-2004) // Electrofishing (fish count) data for key rivers (2004) // Counts for summer bird species // Lakeshore habitat survey // Census of returning adult salmon to the Shannon Fishery (1960 -2000) // Qualitative descriptions of protected habitats and record of significant flora and fauna species. // Number, extent and status of protected habitats in the study area. // Fisheries status of key rivers in study area. // Length of damaged or degraded lake shoreline habitat // Number of endangered species occurring in study area // Counts for sensitive mammal and flora species
Landscape
Status and existence of protected habitats // Photographic record of key landscapes and protected views // General, qualitative appraisal of landscape character in the study area // List of protected views // Climate Change – global issue, but local initiatives / actions could be important
Noise Environment
Assessment of ambient noise environment and noise pollution // Assessment of visitor / resident / agency perception of noise pollution
Water Quality
Trophic Status of Lough Derg (1998 - 2005) // Biological pollution status (Quality Rating) of key rivers in the study area (1971) // Physical and chemical water quality parameters of lakes and rivers in the study area (2001) // Hydrocarbon contamination from pleasure boats // Number of recorded algal blooms // Groundwater quality parameters at official monitoring boreholes in the study area (2001) // Lake Shoreline Inspection Record (litter, appearance of water quality etc)
211 Indicators in
211 Indicators in
TotalTotal
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
What to do with these What to do with these ‘Candidate Indicators’ ?‘Candidate Indicators’ ?
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
Development of Indicator Model Development of Indicator Model
An integrated management approach towards the mitigation of tourism impacts
Sustainable TourismSustainable Tourism
Key Fields of Interest (6)Key Fields of Interest (6)
A
H C
I V
E
DIT-ACHIEV Model
Dimensions (26)Dimensions (26)
DIT-ACHIEV Model of DIT-ACHIEV Model of Sustainable Tourism IndicatorsSustainable Tourism Indicators
Indicators (33)Indicators (33)
Assessable ParametersAssessable Parameters
Example of DataExample of Data[10] Road Congestion
& Pressure
Assessable Parameter(s)
(i)Congestion – indication of
pressure
(ii)Number of vehicles on various types of roads
(iii)Parking - Number/
distribution of parking spaces available / Cost of
parking
(iv)Accident Data
Availability
Example - ‘Shannon Bridge Crossing Feasibility Study and Preliminary Report’
(RPS MCOS)
Some ‘counts’ but generally unavailable
Preliminary investigation conducted
Unknown
Responsibility /SourceNorth Tipperary County
Council Development Plan, 2004- 2010
County Council –Roads Dept, North
Tipperary Co. Co. – Newport Office
Gardai - (privacy issue) – need to
relate to tourism / smooth over
time.
Comments / Justification
Good measures of seasonality and congestion –
need data to be seasonal / diff days seasons etc.
Both a tourist and a local issues
Making Killarney’s Tourism More SustainableProject Launch 20 March 2009
All this led to:All this led to:New Project – 2009-2011New Project – 2009-2011
Putting the DIT-ACHIEV Model into Practice
GoalsGoals
Operationalise the DIT-ACHIEV Model of Sustainable Tourism Indicators,
Testing model in a real situation Establishing model as national benchmark tool for
the management of tourism in a sustainable manner.
Develop toolkit for use of model
The Model will examine:The Model will examine:
The existing stresses on the area (e.g. traffic congestion, water shortages, visitor attitudes)
The environmental impact of tourism on the area (e.g. water quality, rate of habitat damage, local community employment quality)
Steps being taken to manage the effects of tourism in the area (e.g. funding of pollution clean-ups)
The economic security of tourism businesses (e.g. seasonality, rate of return visits)
Benefits for KillarneyBenefits for Killarney
Self evaluationBenchmarking versus competitionFramework for future developmentIdentification of risks (potential)Leadership nationally / internationallyParticipation
What is Benefit for KillarneyWhat is Benefit for Killarney Will inform on current situation in Killarney re-sustainable tourism
(Self Evaluation) Will play a leading role in influencing the development of a
sustainable tourism strategy for Killarney. Stakeholder participation particularly important for gathering
information. Stakeholders instrumental in identifying sustainability concerns Identification of sustainable issues & indicators - assist in risk
avoidance. Enormous contribution in establishing benchmark tool for the
identification, and monitoring of tourism impacts leading to management of more sustainable levels of tourism
Tourism may have an impact on other aspects of life in Killarney e.g. policy development, water treatment etc…
Tourism is everyone’s business - Fabric of YOUR society.
Examples of Best Practice in Examples of Best Practice in KillarneyKillarney
Killeen House Hotel / Loch Lein Country House - Tripadvisor
Killarney Park Hotel – Green Hosp Award – Silver (Ecotourism Growing)
National Park (UNESCO Biosphere)
Why Participating in this should Why Participating in this should Help Killarney - ExamplesHelp Killarney - Examples
Venice / NZ / Inca Trails - management of walks to maintain ecology – book in advance – controls numbers
Galapagos / Taj Mahal / Spanish Coastline – all over-developed
Greenbox – capturing audience through ‘eco-flower’ cluster
Westport – planning as driver for tourism development
Dublin – Dublin Visitor Survey – litter monitoring
Denman’s Methodology for the Formulation of a Sustainable Tourism Strategy
1. Create a multi-interest working group
2. Agree on initial issues to investigate
3. Undertake wide consultation
4. Prepare a situation analysis, including destination performance, needs and opportunities
5. Consult and agree on key issues and priorities
6. Determine strategic objectives
7. Develop an action programme
8. Establish or strengthen instruments to facilitate implementation
9. Implement actions
10. Monitor results
Criteria for DataCriteria for Data Relevance: indicator will cover themes and issues which have
significant impact on development of sustainable tourism; Availability: Actual existence, i.e. - quantified at regular intervals &
cost of collecting doesn’t outweigh usefulness; Meaning: Clearly defined and understood without ambiguity by
everyone who uses it; Freshness: Reasonably regularly available - at the time required; Sensitivity: reflect the performance being measured, and changes in
quantity should be attributable to the activity in question; Reliability: Same measure undertaken by different people should
produce same results; Comparability: Allow for comparison across a range of different
areas; Normativity: Any value given to an indicator should be comparable
to a norm, i.e. benchmarkable & to be compared.
TaskProject Steering
Project Mgmt
Academic Quality
Intnl. Best Practice
Local Liaison & Research
GroupSteering
Committee
Tourism Research
Centre
School of Hosp. Mgmt. & Tourism,
DIT
International
PanelTeam
Killarney
Members
DIT
Killarney
Failte Ireland
EPA
D. Owen
L. Kennedy
Co-Ordinator
S. Flanagan
K. Griffin
(Others as required)
R. Butler
J. Swarbrooke
F. Dimanche
R. Hawkins
J. Tribe
A. Climpson
Chamber
Council
Nat’l Park
Muckross
b) b) Identification of DataIdentification of Data
Identify ‘keyholders’ re-dataWhat is available ?What is unavailable ?
c) Set-up data collection system c) Set-up data collection system
WhoHow oftenValidity etc…
DeadlinesDeadlines
Fri 29 May – Steering Group MeetingEarly July meeting of International Review
Panel
Making Killarney’s Making Killarney’s Tourism More Tourism More SustainableSustainable
Making Killarney’s Making Killarney’s Tourism More Tourism More SustainableSustainable
Sustainability ConcernsSustainability Concerns
NATIONAL PARK Background: KNP is designated as a
UNESCO Biosphere, SAC, SPA (Birds).
Absence of reliable “Tourism Industry Intelligence”.
Trails Surface Erosion – Mountains & Woodlands – Walking & Biking.
Damage to important Flora Disturbance of important Fauna &
Habitats Lake & River Water Quality Issues –
Lough Lein specific. Invasive Species Litter & Waste Management Non-Pedestrian/Non Motorised Traffic
Issues (Bikes / Horses) Loss of Tranquillity.
MUCKROSS HOUSE TRUSTEES Background: “Estimated” – 1m p.a. visit
House, Crafts, Restaurant, Research Library, Traditional Farms and Gardens.
Absence of reliable “Tourism Industry Intelligence”
Preparing for and Managing Visitor numbers. Delivering the appropriate visitor experience –
not a conveyor belt. Ensuring that the appropriate heritage, stories &
experiences are revived and told. Preserving & Enhancing Traditional Farms
Experience. Enable optimum use of Archive/Research
Library. Preserving structural integrity of house. Preserving condition of house interior and
furnishings.
Sustainability ConcernsSustainability Concerns
TOURISM INDUSTRY Absence of reliable “Tourism Industry
Intelligence” Perception of being a “Beautiful but
Touristic” destination. Should we be a “Select or Volume”
destination? Balancing the “Peaks & Troughs” –
Shoulder season. Sustainable Scope & Nature of future
Development - (what's appropriate for Visitor & Resident)
Preservation & Enhancement of Natural Environment –
Preservation & Enhancement of Built Heritage.
Retention of “Vibrant Heart” of Killarney Town.
TOWN COUNCIL Background: KITE, LUTS, Urban
Masterplan, Town Development Plan.
Absence of reliable “Tourism Industry Intelligence” .
100% resident population increase for many months.
Additional Day Visitors equal to resident population.
Water Services Capacity Public Areas Cleansing Traffic Management Issues –
(access and internal flow & parking).
Coach Management (flow & parking).
Overall ProjectOverall Project