Making Gender Count
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Transcript of Making Gender Count
Making Gender Count
Shelah Bloom, ScD Gender Specialist, MEASURE Evaluation
Overview
Definitions GHI, Gender and Health Strategies Addressing gender in health programming Gender and Health M&E
Health systems Measures
Gender M&E Resources and Tools
Definitions1
Sex: Biological difference between males & females
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
Definitions1
Gender: Beliefs about the appropriate roles, duties, rights, responsibilities, accepted behaviors, opportunities and status of women and men, in relation to one another
These vary between places & change over time in the same place
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
Definitions1
Gender Equality Equal treatment of women and men in laws and
policies, and equal access to health resources and services within families, communities and society at large
Gender Equity Absence of unfair/avoidable or preventable differences
in health between women and men. Accounting for different barriers affecting women and
men in benefiting from health-care programs
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
Gender inequality is the most pervasive form of social inequality
Gender inequality cuts across all other forms such as class, caste, race and ethnicity1
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
GHI, Gender and Health Strategies
GHI, Gender and Health Strategies
Why think about gender and health? Gender inequality is associated with poor
outcomes Child mortality, stunting &wasting, care utilization,
maternal mortality, GBV
Gender Inequality is recognized as a driver of the AIDS epidemic world-wide
GHI, Gender and Health Strategies:Women, girls and gender equality1 Work with partner countries to redress gender imbalances
related to health Equitable access Building capacity of women & girls in program design & M&E Response to GBV Address social, economic and cultural determinants of health
Country strategies should include gender assessments & gender equality narrative
1The United States Government Global Health Initiative, strategy document
GHI, Gender and Health Strategies:PEPFAR Gender Strategy1
Gender integration in all program areas (prevention, care & treatment)
Programming along 5 strategic, cross cutting areas: Increase gender equity in activities/services Reduce violence and coercion Address male norms & behaviors Increase women’s legal protection Increase women’s access to income/productive
resources
1http://www.pepfar.gov/press/2011/157860.htm
GHI, Gender and Health Strategies:MEASURE Evaluation Integrate gender into activities by adding a gender
lens or gender component Implement activities illuminating gender effects on
health risks, access to and use of health services Provide M&E technical support to global networks
and initiatives Capacity building and training in gender M&E
Addressing Gender in Health Programs
Addressing Gender in health programs:Gender integration continuum1
1USAID Training of Trainers: Gender and Reproductive Health 101
Gender norms: accommodating or transformative?
Gender norms: accommodating or transformative?
Addressing Gender in health programs:Gender-Based Analysis1
Understand gender differentials based on roles, responsibilities, norms, power Health status & determinants Care utilization re: needs Ability to pay for services Participation of in health management
GBA reveals influences, omissions & implications in health policy, programming & planning
Leads to addressing gender explicitly1PAHO (2009). Guidelines for gender-based analysis of health data for decision making. PAHO.
Addressing Gender in health programs:GBA Data requirements 1
Quantitative Collecting, reporting & analyzing sex disaggregated Explore socioeconomic determinants of health
outcomes and service utilization, further disaggregation by location, age, income, ethnicity & education
Qualitative Personal experiences and perspectives, motivations,
attitudes, behaviors, choices etc. Gets to the why of what quantitative data shows but
often cannot explain
1PAHO (2009). Guidelines for gender-based analysis of health data for decision making. PAHO.
Gender and Health M&E
Gender & Health M&E:1
Basics Monitoring
Indicators on gender-specific programmatic outputs Data collection in areas such as attitudes and behavior
that reflect gender norms, and items that will fit into standard measures
Evaluation Measuring program impact on gender-related outcomes Demonstrate progress and impact on health status,
generate demand for richer data
11 USAID IGWG 2009, A manual for integrating gender into reproductive health and HIV programs
Gender and Health M&E:Basics
How can health information systems address gender inequality? 1
Involvement of stakeholders at all levels Sex-disaggregated data Ongoing gender training for M&E system staff Gender-integrated M&E plans
1Payne, Sarah (2009). How can gender equity be addressed through health systems? WHO, policy brief #12
Gender and Health M&E:Using existing health systems data Know your HIV/AIDS epidemic from a gender
perspective: Kenya Objectives
Illuminate gender effects on programmatic response Generate demand for richer gender-related data
Assess existing national level data for potential Analyses using gender indicators & show gender effects Implement tool to create graphs & help interpretation to
drive programmatic decision-making
Gender & Health M&E: Measuring gender Complex construct Quantitative measures for gender equality
Norms for women and men, including attitudes about gender-based violence (GBV)
Beliefs about roles Relationship factors Women’s decision making power in various areas Independent access to economic resources Experience of GBV
Complex analytical methods to demonstrate impact
Gender & Health M&E: Measuring gender GEM Scale: measure attitudes towards gender norms
in intimate relationships among men Use: predict multiple partners, family planning use,
IPV & more in varied contexts (Brazil, India, China, Uganda etc.)
Content: 24 items, 2 sub scales Requirements: asking 24 (can be more or less,
depending on context) items, then performing a statistical analysis
Gender & Health M&E: Measuring gender as a global commitment
Collaborative effort to add gender & HIV indicator for post-UNGASS core set
TAG included USG, UN, GFATM, WB, other experts Prevalence of Recent Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Women 15-49, have/had intimate partner, reporting physical or sexual violence in past 12 months
Total women surveyed aged 15-49 who currently have or had an intimate partner
Gender & Health M&E: Capacity building Adding gender session M&E workshop curricula
Define gender & related terms Importance of gender to health programming &
outcomes Addressing gender in programs Donor gender M&E requirements Measuring gender Integrate gender into M&E plans
Piloted in India, Senegal and Nigeria
Gender M&E Resources and Tools
Gender M&E Resources and Tools VAW/G compendium
https://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/ms-08-30
HIV indicator Registry (UNAIDS) http://www.indicatorregistry.org/ Go to: browse indicators—need to identify the gender indicators here
Gender scales http://www.c-changeprogram.org/content/gender-scales-compendium/index.h
tml
K4 Health IGWG Gender and Health Toolkit http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/igwg-gender
MEASURE Evaluation gender website:http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/our-work/gender
Gender M&E Resources and Tools:Coming soon Gender and HIV indicator menu of options
Set of harmonized, agreed-on indicators TAG includes USG (PEPFAR USAID), UN
(UNWomen UNAIDS, WHO, UNFPA), World Bank, GFATM & other experts
Resource guide for gender data and statistics (WHO, IGWG/USAID & MEASURE Evaluation)
Where are we in gender M&E?
Gaps Data: sex disaggregated: collection, analysis,
reporting Data: items for complex measures Capacity building in gender M&E
Gender-based analyses Tool development
MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by theU.S. Agency for International Development and implemented bythe Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International,ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do notnecessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau'sprimary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring andevaluation in population, health and nutrition worldwide.