MAKING DAYLIGHTING WORK IN SCHOOLS - … in...making daylighting work in schools presenters: ... •...
Transcript of MAKING DAYLIGHTING WORK IN SCHOOLS - … in...making daylighting work in schools presenters: ... •...
OUTLINE
• WHAT IS DAYLIGHTING
• SCHOOL LIGHTING LEVELS AND TYPICAL ENERGY USE
• DAYLIGHTING DESIGN PARAMETERS
• IMPACTS ON OCCUPANT COMFORT, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
• DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY MODELING TOOLS
• CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS
• CASE STUDY
DAYLIGHTING
• THE CONTROLLEDADMISSION OFNATURAL LIGHT INTO ABUILDING.
• REDUCES ELECTRICLIGHTINGREQUIREMENTS ANDSAVES ENERGY.
• CREATES ASTIMULATING ANDPRODUCTIVEENVIRONMENT FOROCCUPANTS.
KEY QUESTIONS TO ASK
• IS DAYLIGHTING IMPORTANT FOR THIS SPACE?• ARE VIEWS IMPORTANT?• HOW OFTEN IS THIS SPACE OCCUPIED?• WHAT TIME WILL THE SPACE BE OCCUPIED?• ARE THERE MINIMUM DAYLIGHTING REQUIREMENTS?• IS GLARE AND DIRECT SUN CRUCIAL?• WHAT IS THE DESIGN ILLUMINANCE LEVEL?• WHAT MIGHT BE THE IDEAL DESIGN SOLAR ORIENTATION?• WHAT MIGHT BE THE OPTIMUM DAYLIGHTING STRATEGY FOR THE
SPACE? SIDELIGHTING? TOPLIGHTING? OTHER?• WILL TECHNOLOGY BE INCORPORATED FOR THE OVERALL LIGHTING
STRATEGY?• HOW WILL THE DAYLIGHTING STRATEGY ALIGN WITH THE PROGRAM?
SCHOOL LIGHTING LEVELS
• IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK RECOMMENDS• 50 fc or 500 lux for typical Classrooms
• 30 fc or 300 lux for high school gymnasium
• 50 fc or 500 lux for general science labs
• MNECB – 1997• LPD is 1.5 – 2.3 W/ft2
• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2007• LPD is 1.2 W/ft2
• ASHRAE 189.1 – 2009• 10% lower than 90.1 – 2007
• NECB 2011• LPD is 1 W/ft2
Source: CBECS database
ENERGY END USE BREAKDOWN
Space Heating40%
Water Heating4%Cooking
3%
Cooling14%
Lighting14%
OfficeEquipment
11%
Refrigeration2%
Ventilation4%
Others8%
Schools / K-12
• USE DAYLIGHTING AS PRIMARY SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION• OPTIMIZE BUILDING ORIENTATION• REDUCE EAST AND WEST EXPOSURES• MAXIMIZE VERTICAL GLAZING• USE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WINDOWS• OPTIMIZE EXTERIOR & INTERIOR SHADING• USE SMALLER WINDOW-TO-WALL-RATIOS• DO NOT OVER-GLAZE• MAKE SURE LIGHTING DESIGN WORKS WITH DAYLIGHTING• RESPONSIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS
DAYLIGHTING REQUIRES INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH
REDUCE BASE BUILDING LOADS
Btus
/Squ
are
Foot
ofG
lass
/Day
Graph above is for 32 degree North Latitude, used for representative purpose
THERMAL GAINS BY ORIENTATION
BUILDING
N
BU
ILDIN
G
THERMAL GAINS BY ORIENTATION
• LONG EAST-WEST AXIS GIVES GREATER ACCESS TO DAYLIGHTWITH EASE OF GLARE CONTROL AND REDUCED HEAT GAIN
• LONG NORTH-SOUTH AXIS CREATES GREATER EXPOSURE TOLOW ANGLE SUN WITH MORE GLARE AND HEAT GAIN
ALLOWING DAYLIGHT IN
BALANCE:• APERTURE SIZE• DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY• ENERGY PERFORMANCE
ALL WHILE PROVIDING VIEWS TO THE OUTDOORS AND LIMITING GLARE.
• Minimum connection tooutdoors
• Reliance on artificial light
• Excessive Thermal Load• Glare
• FIXED OR AUTOMATED/DYNAMIC EXTERIOR SHADING• EXTERIOR FABRIC AWNING• MANUAL INTERIOR SHADING SYSTEMS• AUTOMATED INTERIOR SHADING SYSTEMS / DOUBLE-SKIN
ENVELOPE SYSTEMS• HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING• ELECTROCHROMIC GLAZING• NATURAL SHADING
TYPES OF SHADING
IT’S ABOUT THE PEOPLE
BENEFITS:• HEALTHIER BODIES• BETTER ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE• INCREASED ATTENDANCE
BY THE NUMBERS:• 168 HOURS PER WEEK• 70 HOURS FOR SLEEPING• 20 HOURS FOR MORNING/EVENING ROUTINES• 20 HOURS IN FRONT OF A SCREEN/HOMEWORK• 40 HOURS FOR SCHOOL/EXTRACURRICULAR
18 HOURS LEFT FOR EVERYTHING ELSE - WHEN DOKIDS GO OUTDOORS???
• Onus on good architectural design concepts conducive to daylighting
• Daylight modeling requirements similar to LEED v4
• Daylighting + artificial (electric) lighting designs need to work together
WELL BUILDING STANDARD
Daylighting
Lighting EnergyReduction
HVAC Sizing
Reduced CoolingEquipment Sizing
LEED Thermal ComfortCredit and EAc1 points
DESIGN SYNERGIES
SIMULATIONSOFTWARE
BUILDINGCHARACTERISTICS
BUILDINGCHARACTERISTICS
MECHANICAL &ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
MECHANICAL &ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
OCCUPANCY &OPERATIONS
OCCUPANCY &OPERATIONS DAYLIGHTING
WEATHERWEATHER
UTILITY RATESUTILITY RATES
Source: diamond & schmitt architects
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF DESIGN MODELING
DAYLIGHTING MODELING TOOLS
• ENERGY MODELING
• DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
• SUN/SHADE ANALYSIS
• THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS
SchematicDesign
SchematicDesign
• Form, orientation,massing
• Daylighting• Systems
DesignDevelopment
DesignDevelopment
• How efficient?• Detailed Component
Evaluation
ConstructionDrawings
ConstructionDrawings
• Control Strategies• Confirm compliance• LEED Points, Cost
Savings, etc
BenchmarkingPrecedentsDaylighting ToolsEnergy Modeling
EE4/eQuest/VEQuality & AssuranceDaylighting ToolsEnergy Modeling
EE4/eQuest/VEConfirm DesignDaylighting ToolsEnergy Modeling
WHEN TO MODEL?ali.syed8
Program Free Paid Phase Output Expertise Needed Input Effort
SketchUp Ö PD/SD Shading analysis; sunlight penetration Low-Medium Low
Sefaira Ö SD Annual, non-hourly Low-Medium Low
Ecotect Ö SD/DD Point-in-time ill; Shading Analysis Medium Med
Daysim Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly Med-High Med-High
Radiance Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly High High
AGI 32 Ö DD/CD Point-in-time Med-High Med
IES-VE Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly High Med-High
SuperliteThese tools are not as widely used as the ones mentioned above.
Information on these and other tools can be found on the USDOE Building Energy Software Tools Directorywebsite (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/)
Lumen Micro
Lightscape
Daylite
SIMULATION BREAKDOWN
DAYLIGHTING TOOLS – ON-SITE MEASUREMENTS
• LIGHT SENSORS• DATA LOGGERS• LUMINANCE METERS• ILLUMINANCE METERS
ali.syed15
LEED 2009 LEED v4
ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Current Reference Building Option; 10%energy cost improvement for EAp2
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Reference Building Option forprojects registered after October 1,2016 or projects registered earlier
and electing to pursue v4.
MNECB 1997 Current Reference Building Option; 23%energy cost improvement for EAp2
NECB 2011 Overall 25% improvement in energyefficiency over MNECB 1997
Alternative Compliance Path toASHRAE 90.1-2010
Daylight CompliancePrescriptive or Simulation Path: achievebetween 108-5000 lux in 75% or more
of regularly occupied spaces
Prescriptive or Simulation Path:simulate daylight autonomy andsunlight exposure OR simulateilluminance OR measurement.
CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS + STANDARDS