Major Govt Schemes and Their Analysis

8/10/2019 Major Govt Schemes and Their Analysis

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Some Important government schemes and their analysis

1) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2006)

Features:

Guarantee of hundred days employment yearly unskilled manual work.

Statutory minimum wage - Rs. 122 - 191/day depending on states, weekly payment.

Main implementation agency is gram panchayat

At least one third workers should be women.

Disbursement of wages through DBT scheme.

Works permissible:

List exhaustive but not limited to , # Water conservation and water harvesting,# drought

proofing, # irrigation canals, # land development, # flood control and protection, #rural

connectivity to provide all weather access, agriculture related works, # livestock related

works, # rural drinking water and sanitation related works etc.

Pros:

Increase in rural household income

Decrease in migration due to unemployment up to some extent

Rural empowerment (specially female, creation of SHGs)

Resource and asset creation(roads, ponds, canals,

Generation of many jobs

Creation of basic facilities in rural areas

Cons:

Increase in corrupt activities as payment was being managed previously by local

bodies.

Lack of durable asset creation (un-skilled workers and lower durability of work done)

No uniform policy of government, hurdles in payment as it is jointly shared by centerand states

Lack of farmers during harvesting season due to which agriculture gets affected

Poor Redressal mechanism.

Due to high fiscal deficit, financing MNREGA becomes difficult.

30% panchayats dont make annual development plans


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Possible solutions:

Addressing shortage of staff at every level

More improved guidelines to panchayat to make annual development plans

Awareness programmes for beneficiaries

Working according to rules to maintain transparency

Multi level inspection and field visit plans

2) Special Economic zones Act(2005)

Features:

It is an export processing zone.

SEZ Act was enacted in 2005, and was passed by Parliament in May 2005. It provides a comprehensive policy framework to satisfy the requirements of all

principal stakeholders in an SEZ the developer and operator, occupant enterprise,

out zone supplier and residents.

Previously the policy relating to the EPZs/ SEZs was in Foreign Trade Policy while

incentives and other facilities were implemented through various notifications and

circulars issued by the concerned ministries/departments which were not able to

deliver confidence in investors.

It provides expeditious and single window clearance mechanisms.

It is a tax haven for exporters

Working:

The SEZ Act 2005 is mainly divided into 7 different chapters and 3 schedules.

Board of approval constituted by the central government promotes and ensures orderly

development of SEZs

Central government may set up a zone, proposals of the state governments and private

developers are to be screened and approved by the board.

At the zone level, approval committees are constituted to approve/reject/modify

proposals for setting up SEZ units. Development Commissioner (DC) and his/her office is responsible for exercising

administrative control over a zone.

SEZ act deals with following:

Establishment of the SEZ and the various authorities constituted in this connection.

Appointment of the Developer, Co-developers and approval for units to be located in the

notified area.

Exemptions, drawbacks and concessions including exemptions from customs duty (on

goods brought into or exported from the SEZ), excise, service tax, securitiestransaction tax, sales tax and income tax.


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Offshore Banking Unit & International Financial Services Centre. Setting up of

offshore banking units / International Financial Services Centre in SEZs.

Notified Offences & Civil Suits. A single enforcement agency/officer for certain

notified offences as well as the designation of courts by the state governments for

such offences committed in and for civil suits arising in SEZs.

Incentives offered:

Exemption from custom duties, central excise duties, service tax, central sales taxes and

securities transaction tax to both the developers and the units;

Tax holidays for 15 years (currently the units enjoy a seven year tax holiday), i e, 100

per cent tax exemption for 5 years, 50 per cent for the next five years, and 50 per cent

of the ploughed back export profits for the next five years1; and

100 per cent income tax exemption for 10 years in a block period of 15 years for SEZ

developers.

Problems/hurdles:

The Central Government treated domestic supplies as imports into India and

applicable customs duties were levied.

State governments treated such domestic supplies as domestic sales liable to VAT/

CST (Central Sales Tax). SAD exemption is only available to domestic supplies in the nature of stock transfers.

SEZ units also face a stiff challenge to compete in the domestic market due to the

Free Trade Agreements entered by India with various countries, allowing domestic

importers to import goods from these countries at concessional duties vis--vis the

standard duties applicable on procurements from SEZ

At many places plans are just on paper, delay in materialising the scheme on real

grounds

Land acquisition problems as farmers unwilling to give their land.

No full approval before 90% land acquisition

3) Integrated child development scheme

One of the worlds largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development ,

launched on 2nd October 1975. Providing pre-school education and countering malnutrition,

morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality.


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Objectives:

The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched in 1975 with the

following objectives:

To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years; To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of

the child;

To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout;

To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various

departments to promote child development; and

To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional

needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.

Services:

Supplementary nutrition,

Immunization,

Health check-up,

Referral services,

Pre-school non-formal education and

Nutrition & health education.

Concerned authorities:

Immunisation, Health Check-up and Referral Services delivered through Public

Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has the overall responsibilityof monitoring the ICDS scheme.

Funding:

In funding in respect of supplementary nutrition

North-eastern States between Centreand States is 90:10 ratios.

Other States and UTs, the sharing pattern is of 50:50.

For all other components of ICDS, the ratio has been modified to 90:10(100% Central

Assistance earlier).

The ICDS team:


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It comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors, Child Development

Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs). Anganwadi Worker, a

lady selected from the local community, is a community based frontline honorary worker of

the ICDS Programme. She is also an agent of social change, mobilizing community support

for better care of young children, girls and women. Besides, the medical officers, AuxiliaryNurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) form a team with the

ICDS functionaries to achieve convergence of different services.

Problems:

The AWC is a point where both demand is created and services are delivered. Thestudy found that AWC network has not fully succeeded in meeting either of its two

objectives.

No toilets at more than 45% ICDS centres

Shortage of staff/many vacant posts

Not enough resource provided/supplied on time

Not good infrastructure facilities or workspaces

Not achieving its desired result(one in 3 child in Gujarat is facing malnutrition/is

underweight)

Timely follow up and scrutiny not done strictly

Less awareness due to somewhat ineffective communication between beneficiariesand authorities

Big shortfall in providing Supplementary Nutrition

Possible solutions:

Creating awareness among beneficiaries

Proper control and scrutiny plans and monitoring plans

More involvement of panchayat to properly monitor and facilitate scheme

Creating enough infrastructure facilities to cater demands

Proper sanitation facilities

Better training of employees to make them more effective in delivering desired

services

As children are future of nation so this is very important scheme for national

development so vacant positions should be filled and adequate materials should be

provided because only healthy India can be wealthy and prosperous India.

Anurag Mishra

ref

1.

http://www.eximguru.com/exim/special_economic_zone_sez/ch_7_sez_act_2005.aspx

2.

http://wcd.nic.in/icds.htm

3. http://www.childlineindia.org.in/Integrated-Child-Development-Scheme-ICDS.htm

4. http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/peoreport/peo/peo_icds.pdf

5.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/Every-third-child-in-Gujarat-is-underweight-CAG/Article1-1131138.aspx


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Major Govt Schemes and Their Analysis

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