Major Amendments to the Constitution. The Constitution Has only been amended (changed) 27 times. The...
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Major Amendments to the Constitution
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The Constitution
• Has only been amended (changed) 27 times.
• The first 10: The Bill of Rights
• They’re all important, but some have had a bigger influence on history than others have.
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When England and King George ruled the Colonies:
• The people felt they had no rights.• Before the leaders of the new country would agree to
a new government, they wanted to make sure that wouldn’t happen again.
• They insisted on a “Bill of Rights” to be added to their new Constitution (written plan for government).
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1st Amendment(lists 5 freedoms people have by being here)
A. Freedom of religion: you can be any religion you wish – or none if you wish (goes back to the Church of England being tied in directly with the British government).
B. Freedom of speech: as long as it is true
C. Freedom of the press: as long as it’s true
D. Freedom of assembly: people can get together for any reason (peaceful, or even in protests)
E. Freedom of petition: the government should help you out if you “petition” them (ask them).
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2nd Amendment
• People have the right to “keep and bear arms”
• This was written 230 years ago
• The question today is what they really meant:
• For hunting?
• For protection?
• For rebelling against your government if you need to?
• Guns are much different today than in 1776
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3rd Amendment• Soldiers cannot stay in your home without your
permission
• This comes from colonial times – when the British government couldn’t afford food and places to stay for all it’s soldiers in the colonies – so they sometimes could live in citizen’s homes and those people “supported” them.
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4th Amendment
• Police need a search warrant to enter your home.• Police need a court order to take any of your
property.
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5th Amendment• No one can be tried for the same
crime more than once.
(except – criminal and civil cases are different)
• No-one can be forced to testify against themselves.
(You are innocent until you’re proven guilty)
• The government can’t take your property without paying a fair price for it.
(Such as your land to build a new…)
• People must have fair trials.
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6th Amendment
• If you are charged with a crime… you have the right to:
1. a jury trial
2. a speedy trial
3. know why you’ve been arrested
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7th Amendment
• A person involved in a lawsuit can have a jury trial if they want one.
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8th Amendment• Bail cannot be too high
(the amount of money you pay to get out of jail)• Fines and punishments for crimes must be fair and
proportionate.
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9th Amendment• There are many rights that aren’t put in the constitution.
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10th Amendment• Powers not given to the United States government in
the constitution, are given to the states and the people .
(Has to do with Reserved Powers, Implied Powers, etc… which we’ll look at later)
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The Civil War AmendmentsAll were ratified (approved) at the end of the Civil War
• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment
• All slaves would now be free.
• Formers slaves were now American citizens (and should be treated equally).
• Former slaves had the right to vote (men).
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Others
• 16th Amendment
(43 years after 13/14/15th) Congress can collect a tax on people’s income.
18th Amendment (1919): Prohibition: Illegal to make, sell, or transport alcohol in any way.
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21st Amendment: (1932)Did away with the 18thAmendment.
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More…
• 22nd Amendment:
No one can ever be elected President more than twice.
24th Amendment:
Poll taxes are illegal.
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And…• 25th Amendment:
1. If the President can’t be in power, the Vice President takes over.
2. If there’s no Vice President, the President can name a new one (approved by the Senate)
3. If the President is sick, he can temporarily give power to the Vice President.
• 26th Amendment:
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 (in 1971 – during Vietnam War time)
Presidential Succession1.Vice President - 2.Speaker of the House 3.President Pro Tempore of the Senate 4.Secretary of State 5.Secretary of the Treasury 6.Secretary of Defense 7.Attorney General 8.……(there’s a lot more)
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The 27th Amendment(the last one that was passed)
• Congress cannot vote itself a pay raise – any pay raise only counts for the next Congress
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The rest:• 17: Senators elected by popular vote.• 19: (in 1920) Women could vote (suffrage).• 20: Presidential and Congressional dates to take office.• 23: The District of Columbia can vote for President.
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Amendment 1 - Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression Amendment 2 - Right to Bear Arms Amendment 3 - Quartering of Soldiers Amendment 4 - Search and Seizure Amendment 5 - Trial and Punishment, Compensation for Takings Amendment 6 - Right to Speedy Trial, Confrontation of Witnesses Amendment 7 - Trial by Jury in Civil Cases Amendment 8 - Cruel and Unusual Punishment Amendment 9 - Construction of Constitution Amendment 10 - Powers of the States and People Amendment 11 - Judicial Limits Amendment 12 - Choosing the President, Vice President Amendment 13 - Slavery Abolished Amendment 14 - Citizenship Rights Amendment 15 - Race No Bar to Vote Amendment 16 - Status of Income Tax Clarified Amendment 17 - Senators Elected by Popular Vote Amendment 18 - Liquor Abolished Amendment 19 - Women's Suffrage Amendment 20 - Presidential, Congressional Terms Amendment 21 - Amendment 18 Repealed Amendment 22 - Presidential Term Limits Amendment 23 - Presidential Vote for District of Columbia Amendment 24 - Poll Taxes Barred Amendment 25 - Presidential Disability and Succession Amendment 26 - Voting Age Set to 18 Years Amendment 27 - Limiting Congressional Pay Increases