MajChoh What FSM Needs to Know Abt Means of Escape

8/11/2019 MajChoh What FSM Needs to Know Abt Means of Escape

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What FSM needs to know

about means of escape


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Scope

Introduction

What is means of escape

What you need to know

Conclusion


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What is

Means of Escape ?


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Means of Escape

A continuous and unobstructed way of travelfrom any point in a building or structure to anexternal space, consisting of three parts:

Part I: The exit access

Part II: The exit

Part III: The exit discharge


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Part I

Exit Access

- That portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit

Eg. The part within the functional room spaces to the exitstaircase/area of refuge.


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Part II : Exit

That portion of a means of egress that is separated from allother spaces of a building or structure by construction orequipment as required to provide a protected way of travel tothe exit discharge.


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Part IIIExit discharge:

- That portion of means of egress between the termination ofan exit and a public way


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Part IThe Exit Access

Part IIThe Exit

Discharge

Part III

The Exit Discharge

Means of Escape


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Means of Escape

What you need to know


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Provision of sufficientexits in building

Exit capacity & Occupant load


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What is occupant load ?

- The total number of persons that could beaccommodated in all spaces on a storey of thebuilding.

- Calculated on a storey by storey basis

What is exit capacity ?

- The capacity of exits provided for the storey of

building

Exit Capacity > Occupant Load


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Illustration of occupant load and exit capacity


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When you need to monitor the

occupant load When there is change of use, FSM to update the

occupant load of the floor involves

FSM should maintain updated occupant load andexit capacity of every storey

Obtain the updated occupant load from QP


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Why you need to monitor occupant

load and exit capacity- Can provide an updated and accurate

occupant load for QP to calculate the newoccupant load

- Able to advise prospective tenant andmanagement on possibility of change of use


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Example

Calculation ofOccupant load


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D3

D4

Staircase A

Staircase B

Restaurant

office

office

Office

Office

Preparationarea

Stage


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PROPOSAL:

OCCUPANT LOAD CALCULATION FOR 2ND STOREY

Item No. Usages Floor Area (m 2)

Area ofoccupied floor

spaceper person

(m 2) No of persons Remarks

1 ANCILLARY OFFICE 46.82 10 5

2 Restaurant 425 1.5 284

3 PREPARATION AREA 20.82 3 7

TOTAL 492.64

Total 256

ERECTION OF A 5-STOREY ASSOCIATION BUILDING CUM COMMUNITY HALL / ANCILL ARY OFFICE DEVELOPMENT ON LOTS 7116 &98827 MK 24 AT NO.11 & 13 LORONG 35 GEYLANG


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Exit Capacity

To base on calculation submitted by QP

- main building plans submission

* Exit capacity > Occupant load


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Identificationof

exit staircase


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Staircase serving all buildings

- To facilitate fire fighting operations

- To alleviate any fear of disorientation


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Exit Staircase

Signage not smaller than 300 x 300mm

- within the stairwell at each storey landing

Signage shall contain the following:


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Signage shall contain the following:

- Storey number (at least 125mm in height)

- Identification of staircase in alphabetical and/or numeric (atleast 25mm in height)

- Signage shall be visible when the door is in open position toany person moving up or down the staircase

- Letters and numbers may be of any colour that contrast withthe background colour


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Fire Escape Plan

- For public occupants and fire fighters in case of fire

- To place at common areas


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Smoke Stop Lobby/Fire

Fighting Lobby

Smoke Stop Lobby


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Smoke Stop Lobby

A lobby located at the entrance to an exit staircase to help toprevent or minimise the entry of smoke into the staircase. Thesize of the lobby shall not be smaller than 3 sq m.


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Fire Fighting Lobby A smoke-stop lobby which is adjacent to a fire lift and designatedfor use by the fire fighting team during an emergency. The lobbyshall not be used for any other purposes and the size of the lobbyshall not be smaller than 6 sq m and with no dimension smallerthan 2m.

3m


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Exit Staircase


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Exit staircase

Exit Staircase

Fire Rated Door

The fire rated door to the exit staircase cannot be altered No combustible material in the exit staircase

Natural ventilation opening for exit staircase


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Natural ventilation opening for exit staircase

Openings for natural ventilation opening shall maintainopen at all times

R ith t l d di g


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Rooms with occupant load exceeding

50 persons

Doors for rooms with occupant load exceeding 50 persons shall swing in thedirection of escape

Electromagnetic door opening into the common corridor


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Electromagnetic door opening into the common corridor

Only need to :- Install with manual overriding device- install with fail-safe device


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Means of Escape

- Fire Hazard

Fire Door


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Keep fire door close at all timeFire Door


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Exit door/Exit Access Door

The rear exit door will belocked from 10.30 pm to6 am during weekdaysand Saturday, and whole

day on Sunday and publicholiday.


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Exit Staircase

Nothing should beplaced in the exitStaircase


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Obstruction along corridor

Corridor designated for escape shall be cleared of anyobstruction


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Conclusion

- Architect/Professional Engineer designsmeans of escape to comply with fire coderequirements

- It is important for building owner with theassistance of FSM to ensure that the fire safetyprovisions are maintained at all times

MajChoh What FSM Needs to Know Abt Means of Escape

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