Maintaining academic integrity in online courses Clint Brooks, M.Ed. NorthWest Arkansas Community...
-
Upload
jaime-love -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of Maintaining academic integrity in online courses Clint Brooks, M.Ed. NorthWest Arkansas Community...
Maintaining academic integrity in online courses
Clint Brooks, M.Ed.
NorthWest Arkansas Community College
Academic Dishonesty and Academic Integrity
“…acts which may subvert or compromise the integrity of the educational process” (NWACC, 2006, 154)
What is Academic Dishonesty?
What is Academic Dishonesty?
Includes: “Copying from another student’s paper
during an examination.” “Plagiarism” “Substituting for another person …to take
an examination” (NWACC, 2006, 154)
Why is Academic Integrity so important?
“…two out of three students admitted to having engaged in at least one of 14 questionable academic behaviors” (McCabe & Trevino, 1996)
Why is Academic Integrity so important?
“70 percent of students at the schools admitted to (test cheating)” (McCabe & Trevino, 1996)
Why is Academic Integrity so important?
Institutional integrity Ethical integrity of students Professional integrity of
disciplines
Academic Integrity and Distance Learning
“…both students and faculty believe it is easier to cheat in a distance learning class, …” (Kennedy, et. al.; 2000)
Academic Integrity and Distance Learning
40% admit to helping other students with online exams.
Only 13.7% admit to helping other students during lecture exams.
(Lanier, 2006, 253)
Approaches to Addressing Academic Dishonesty
CIHE (Commission on Institutions of Higher
Education) DL Best Practices
“When examinations are employed … they take place in circumstances that include firm student identification.” (CIHE, 13)
CIHE (Commission on Institutions of Higher
Education) DL Best Practices
“The institution otherwise seeks to assure the integrity of student work.” (CIHE, 13)
Institutional Approaches to Academic Dishonesty
Faculty Reporting “Grading Sanctions” “Admonition or Probation” “Suspension or Expulsion” (NWACC, 2006, 155)
Do no harm
Fear of harming students’ careers “perceptions of complicated disciplinary
processes,” “confronting and reporting student cheating” “These factors may lead faculty to ignore or
side-step student cheating,” (Bertram Gallant and Drinan, 2006, p. 845)
Control, Identify, Monitor
Proctoring Picture identification Signed confirmation Time limits These tactics are not negative, in
and of themselves
Prevention and Student Ethical Responsibility
Honor Codes Student and Faculty
Responsibilities 10 Principles of Academic
Integrity for Faculty (McCabe & Pavela, 2004, 12-14)
10 Principles of Academic Integrity for Faculty (McCabe &
Pavela) Recognize and affirm academic
integrity as a core institutional value. Foster a lifelong commitment to
learning. Affirm the role of teacher as guide
and mentor.
10 Principles of Academic Integrity for Faculty (McCabe &
Pavela) Help students understand the
potential of the Internet--and how that potential can be lost if online resources are used for fraud, theft, and deception.
10 Principles of Academic Integrity for Faculty (McCabe &
Pavela) Encourage student responsibility
for academic integrity. Clarify expectations for students. Develop fair and creative forms of
assessment.
10 Principles of Academic Integrity for Faculty (McCabe &
Pavela) Reduce opportunities to engage in
academic dishonesty. Respond to academic dishonesty
when it occurs. Help define and support campus-
wide academic-integrity standards.
Practical Approaches to a Prevention-Based Approach
Writing
Identifiable via searches Identifiable via style and
consistency
Writing – The Challenge
“Many websites provide written papers including http://www.schoolsucks.com and http://www.cheathouse.com.” (Lanier, 2006, 247)
“AllFreeEssays.com … Asian Grade … School Sucks …TermPaperGenie…” (Weisbard, 2007)
Writing – Identifying via Searching
most universities will have sizable amounts of plagiarism occurring in their subjects using electronic means to download text from the internet.
(O’Connor, 2003)
Writing – Identifying via Searching
It is suspected that this is the tip of the iceberg in that any copying from textbooks is, at this time, unable to be detected
(O’Connor, 2003)
Writing – Identifying via Searching
Services Turnitin.com
Controversies Presumption of guilt Copyright of student papers
Writing – Identifying via Searching
Other search options: Google Yahoo Ebscohost
Writing – Identifying via Style and Consistency
“Inconsistent writing style” “Use of language” “Datedness” “Repetition” (University of Tasmania, 2006)
Writing – Identifying via Style and Consistency
Use students regular writing as a benchmark for their formal writing
Have students write as often as is practical and fair
Project-based Assessment
Web-based projects Multimedia projects Mailed projects Experiential projects
Project-based Assessment
“With project-based assessment, the dangers … are diminished the more individually the project is tailored to the resources used in the course, the student's individual interests, and the use of intermittent ‘checkpoints’” (Abbott, et. al., 2000)
Collaborative Assessment
“These methods constitute very powerful means of developing generic skills required by employers such as oral and written communication skills, group management and the ability to evaluate written and oral presentations critically.” (Hargreaves, 1997)
Online Testing Conditions
Time Attempts Randomization Proctoring (including off-site proctoring:
NCTA – National College Testing Association - http://www.ncta-testing.org/cctc/)
Other
Vary assessment methods Gear assessments to subject
matter and discipline Individualize assessments
How does Blackboard CE (WebCT) Help Maintain Academic Integrity?
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Assignments
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Assignments
Clarifies expectations Opportunity for written or project based
assessment Opportunity for experiential assessment
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Discussions
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Discussions Opportunity for regular student
writing Teacher as guide and mentor Collaborative environment
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Blackboard CE (4.1)
E-Mail Opportunity for regular student
writing Teacher as guide and mentor Individualized interaction
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Quiz Tool
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Quiz Tool Time Limits Selective Release Multiple Attempts Randomization Security
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Presentations/Web pages
Blackboard CE (4.1)
Presentations/Web pages Opportunity for creative assessment Opportunity for collaborative assessment Opportunity for experiential assessment Opportunity for project based assessment
Conclusion and Questions
References
Abbott, Lynda, Siskovic, Holly, Nogues, Val, and Williams, Joanne G. “Learner Assessment in Multimedia Instruction: Considerations for the Instructional Designer.” 2000. < http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/SITEentry3223.html>.
Betram Gallant, Tricia, and Drinan, Patrick. “Organizational Theory and Student Cheating: Explanation, Responses, and Strategies.” Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 77 Issue 5 (Sep/Oct 2006): 839-860
References
CIHE (Commission on Institutions of Higher Education). Best Practices for Electronically Offered Degree and Certificate Programs. 13
Grijalva, Therese C., Nowell, Clifford, and Kerkvliet, Joe. “Academic Honesty and Online Courses.” College Student Journal. Vol. 40 Issue 1 (Mar 2006): 180-185
Hargreaves, D.J. “Student learning and assessment are inextricably linked.” European Journal of Engineering Education; Vol. 22 Issue 4 (Dec 1997): p401, 9p
References
Kennedy, Kristen, Nowak, Sheri, Raghuraman, Renuka, Thomas, Jennifer, and Davis, Stephen F. “ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AND DISTANCE LEARNING: STUDENT AND FACULTY VIEWS.” College Student Journal. Vol. 34 Issue 2 (June 2000): 309, 6p
Lanier, Mark M. “Academic Integrity and Distance Learning*.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education; Vol. 17 Issue 2, (Sep 2006): 244-261
References
McCabe, Donald L., Trevino Linda Klebe. “What we know about cheating in college.” Change; Vol. 28 Issue 1 (Jan/Feb 1996): 28.
McCabe, Donald L., Trevino Linda Klebe. “Ten [Updated] Principles of Academic Integrity: How Faculty Can Foster Student Honesty.” Change; Vol. 36 Issue 3 (May/June 2004): 12-14.
NorthWest Arkansas Community College. “Academic Dishonesty.” NorthWest Arkansas Community College Catalog; 2006. 154-155
References
O’Connor, Steve. “Cheating and electronic plagiarism – scope, consequences and detection.” CAVAL Staff Publications. 2003. CAVAL. May 2003. <http://www.caval.edu.au/about/staffpub/docs/Cheating%20and%20electronic%20plagiarism%20-%20scope,%20consequences%20and%20detection%20EDUCASUE%20May%202003.doc>.
References
University of Tasmania. “How to identify academic dishonesty.” University of Tasmania Teaching and Learning Website. 2006. University of Tasmania. May, 10, 2006.
Weisbard, Phyllis Holman. “STUDENT CHEATING, PLAGIARISM (AND OTHER QUESTIONABLE PRACTICES), THE INTERNET, AND OTHER ELECTRONIC RESOURCES.” Women's Studies Librarian's Website - University of Wisconsin System. 2007. UW System Women's Studies Librarian. <http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/plag.htm>.
Contact Information
Clint BrooksDirector of Distance LearningNorthWest Arkansas Community CollegeOne College DriveBentonville, AR 72704
(479)619-4382