Main Questions for Neutrino Detector R&D EUDET Neutrino Group Meeting 4 December 2007 Paul Soler...

Main Questions for Neutrino Detector Main Questions for Neutrino Detector R&D R&D

Main Questions for Neutrino Detector Main Questions for Neutrino Detector R&D R&D

EUDET Neutrino Group Meeting

4 December 2007Paul Soler

University of Glasgow

EUDET Neutrino Group MeetingP Soler, 4 December 2007

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ContentsContents

1. Conclusions from ISS report

2. R&D MIND & TASD

3. R&D Water Cherenkov

4. R&D Liquid Argon

5. R&D Emulsion

6. R&D Near Detectors

7. Hybrid detector concepts

8. Strategy


3

Baseline Detectors (ISS report)Baseline Detectors (ISS report)Beam Far detector R&D needed

Sub-GeV

Beta and Super Beams

(MEMPHYS, T2K)

Megaton Water Cherenkov photosensors!

cavern and infrastructure

1-2 GeV


(off axis NUMI, high Beta Beam , Wide Band Beam)

no established baseline

Totally Active Scintillator Detector-TASD (NOvA-like)

or

Liquid Argon TPC

or Megaton WC

photosensors and detectors

long drifts,

long wires, LEMs

Neutrino Factory

(20-50 GeV,

2500-7000km)

~100kton Magnetized Iron Neutrino Detector–MIND (golden)

+ ~10 kton

non-magnetic Emulsion Cloud Chamber-ECC (silver)

straightforward from MINOS

simulation+physics studies

ibid vs OPERA


4

Beyond the Baseline Detectors Beyond the Baseline Detectors (ISS (ISS report)report)

Beam Far detector R&D needed

Sub-GeV


(MEMPHYS, T2K)

Liquid Argon TPC

(100kton)

clarify what is the advantage wrt Water Cherenkov?

1-2 GeV


(off axis NUMI, high Beta Beam, Wide band Beam)

no established baseline

Neutrino Factory

(20-50 GeV,

2500-7000km)

platinum detectors!

Magnetised TASD

Magnetised Liquid Argon

Magnetised Emulsion Cloud Chamber

engineering study

for magnet!

simulations and physics evaluation;

photosensors,

long drift, etc…


5

Beam Instrumentation, Near Beam Instrumentation, Near detectorsdetectors

Beam Beam Instrumentation,

Near Detectors

R&D needed

Sub-GeV


(MEMPHYS, T2K)

T2K example…. CONCEPT for precision measurements?

concept simulations

theory

1-2 GeV

Beta and Super Beam

(off axis NUMI, high Beta Beam, Wide band Beam)

NOvA example..

CONCEPT for

precision measurements?

ibid

Neutrino Factory

(20-50 GeV,

2500-7000km)

beam intensity (BCT)

beam energy +polarization

beam divergence meast

shielding

leptonic detector

hadronic detector

need study

--

need study

need concept

simulation+study

ibid+Vertex det R&D


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R&D Programme MIND & TASDR&D Programme MIND & TASD R&D programme to test detector concepts being developed

for neutrino factory: wrong sign muon “Golden” signature

15 m

15

m

100 m

Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector

(MIND) Totally Active Scintillating Detector

(TASD)


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R&D Programme MIND & TASDR&D Programme MIND & TASD Design, cost and engineering solutions

for the magnet system for MIND./ Simple scaling from MINOS?

Design, cost and engineering solutions for the magnet system for TASD

/ Superconducting transmission line


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R&D Programme MIND & TASDR&D Programme MIND & TASD R&D on photon detector technology Measurements we want to make:

/ Test different photon detector technologies: Avalanche Photodiodes (APD), Geiger Mode APDs (GMAPD), Silicon photomutiplier (SiPMT), Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), Multi-anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MaPMT), Hybrid Photon Detectors (HPD).

/ Measure light output, PE yield, quantum efficiency, cross-talk and effect on resolution in real operating conditions

/ Put different PD in test beam


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R&D Programme MIND & TASDR&D Programme MIND & TASD R&D on extruded scintillator: attenuation as function of

length, fiber insertion, optimal geometry (ie. square vs triangular or segmentation and sampling rate)

Not necessarily at

test beam

Important for very

long bars (10-20 m)

good

Eg: MINOS


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R&D Programme MIND & TASDR&D Programme MIND & TASD RPC vs scintillator

MINOS CALDETINO: 67%/sqrt(E)+10%

RPC prototype for the

India Neutrino Observatory (INO)


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MIND/TASD Prototype?MIND/TASD Prototype? Forthcoming prototypes to come online soon: What can we learn from these?


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MIND/TASD MeasurementsMIND/TASD Measurements Measurements we want to make:

/ Muon identification: building particle ID

likelihood functions based on test beam ID

Measure PID eff. vs length of track/ Charge identification (as function of B-field

and length of track)/ Optimal segmentation: transverse and

longitudinal


13

Water Cherenkov detectorsWater Cherenkov detectors Engineering and cost of cavern excavation for Megaton Water Cherenkov

detectors (covered by LAGUNA proposal)


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Water Cherenkov detectorsWater Cherenkov detectors R&D on photon detectors (large area Hybrid Photon Detectors-HPD, or

Photo Multiplier tubes): / Reduction cost,/ Reduce risk implosion, / Electronics, / Low activity materials.

Engineering studies of mechanics to support

photon detectors.


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Water Cherenkov detectorsWater Cherenkov detectors Studies of energy resolution of water Cherenkov detectors, especially at

low energy (ie ~250-200 MeV).


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Liquid Argon R&DLiquid Argon R&D Feasibility & cost of industrial tankers for underground liquid argon storage

(also part of Laguna project). Demonstration and detector performance for very long drift paths Liquid argon purification.

LAr

Cathode (- HV)

E-f

ield

Extraction grid

Charge readout plane

UV & Cerenkov light readout PMTs

E≈ 1 kV/cm

E ≈ 3 kV/cmElectronic racks

Field shaping electrodes

GAr

5m “Argontube”


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Liquid Argon R&DLiquid Argon R&D Readout: Large Electron Multiplyers (LEM)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000

GAIN 2.3bar GAIN 2.9barGAIN 2.5barGAIN 2.7barGAIN 3.21barGAIN 3.41barGAIN 3.54bar

GA

IN

Voltage (V)

LEM thickness 1.6mm

High gain operation of LEM in pure argon at high pressure

1000

Gai

n

LAr

Etransf = 3 kV/cm

Edrift = 5 kV/cm

GAr

Two-stage Two-stage LEMLEM

Voltage (V)3500

6000

0

14

12.5 12.9

A stable gain of 104 has been measured

0

14


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Liquid Argon R&DLiquid Argon R&D Development of new solutions for

drift in a very high voltage (such as the Cockcroft-Walton style Greinacher circuit).

B-field for liquid argon detectors: study of high Tc superconducting coils

Dedicated test beams to study prototype detectors and to perform tracking and reconstruction of clean electron and pi0 samples.

e–

2.5 GeV

Simulated electron shower in magnetic field B=1T


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Magnetised Emulsion Cloud Magnetised Emulsion Cloud ChamberChamber

Emulsion Cloud Chamber/ Improve speed & accuracy

automated scanning stations / Further R&D on operating

emulsion-iron systems in magnetic field

Emulsion test beam

Electronic det:e/ separator

&“Time stamp”

Rohacell® plateemulsion filmstainless steel plate


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Near Detector R&DNear Detector R&D Silicon vertex detector for charm background:

/ Pixel versus strip detectors: hybrid strip, ``stripxel", hybrid pixel detectors, Monolithic Active Pixels (MAPS) or DEPFET pixel detectors. (Synergy with Linear Collider, ideal project for EUDET)

/ Study whether layers of passive material (boron carbide, graphite or other low Z material) are necessary as a neutrino target.

CharmCharm Impact parameter

resolution (50 m pitch)

x~33 m Pull:~1.02

Study of charm background for wrong sign muon signal and measure effect of Q_t cut


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Near Detector R&DNear Detector R&D Tracking device: determine

optimal tracking detector. / Scintillating fibre tracker / Drift chambers / Gas Time Projection Chamber

(TPC)

Muon chambers

EM calorimeterHadronic

Calorimeter

Other Detectors:/ Energy resolution for a calorimeter? / Particle identification (ie. TRD or

DIRC Cherenkov detector) / Muon chambers?

Magnet: old UA1,

NOMAD, T2K magnet?


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Near Detector R&DNear Detector R&D Accuracy neutrino flux measurement with near detector (goal ~0.1% flux

error): with beam monitors and inverse muon decay interactions in ND

Accuracy cross-section measurement as function of energy. / Above 5 GeV (DIS): goal 0.1% level. / Below 5 GeV, measure all components

ee ee


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Hybrid Emulsion DetectorsHybrid Emulsion Detectors

For 60 walls emulsion 1.1M bricks 4.1 kton Total length of detector is: ~ 150 m

Tau events in MECC found by tracing back candidate events into emulsion region See G de Lellis, Golden07

supermodule

8 m

Target Trackers

Pb/Em. target

ECC emulsion analysis:

Vertex, decay kink e/ ID, multiple scattering, kinematics

Extract selected brick

Pb/Em. brick

8 cm Pb 1 mm

Basic “cell”

Emulsion

Electronic detectors:

Brick finding, muon ID, charge and p

Link to muon ID,Candidate event

Spectrometer

p/p<20%


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Hybrid MIND + TASDHybrid MIND + TASD Compromise between MIND and TASD concepts?

o Iron free regions: improve momentum and charge determination

o Do we need magnetic field in TASD region?o Maybe alternating regions of MIND + magnetic free regions of TASD can be

used to measure Golden channel and e flux (ie e disappearance?)

o Need to study physics impact of this solution: does one win in performance without being prohibitive in price?

o Could one include LAr regions between MIND spectrometer regions (more like Icarus rather than Glacier)

MINDMINDTASDTASD

muonmuon

~1-2m

hadron showerhadron shower

MINDMIND

electron showerelectron shower


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Strategy for Neutrino Detector R&DStrategy for Neutrino Detector R&DCervera, NUFACT07

Main Questions for Neutrino Detector R&D EUDET Neutrino Group Meeting 4 December 2007 Paul Soler...

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