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SELF LEARNING
INTRODUCTION
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose:
Online discussion forum. This is where ideas, information, and new
material are shared, discussed, analyzed, built upon, etc. In many ways, the discussion
forum mimics the classroom in a face-to-face environment. Discussion is one of the
most effective ways to make students aware of the range of interpretations that are
possible in an area of intellectual inquiry.
1.2 Scope:
This application is very useful for students who are going to develop or
learn .NET. Without installing the visual studio software they can able to develop the
application. This is a new concept which is not implemented yet. It is a powerful tool
for .NET and HTML that makes people from suffering for installing which makes
headache.
These are typical forums which contains groups of contributors, usually registered
members who submit topics for discussion(known as threads) and communicate with
each other using publicly visible messages(referred to as posts) or private messaging.
Forums usually exercise high access security and restrict anonymous visitors from posts
allowing restricted viewership.
1.3 Module Description:
i. Update Profile:
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This webpage allows the user to change the details in his
profile. All the changes made will be updated to the database of the web application.
ii. Search Threads:
The member of this site can search threads of their own
interest among thousands of threads according to their search criteria.
iii. Change Password:
In this web form user can change his password whichwill be updated in the database.
iv. View his threads:
In this web form the user can view all the threads posted
by him as well as the responses posted by other members
v. Learn .NET and HTML:
In this Module, we are going to give training
through a website. For example, users doesnt have visual studio software
for developing the .NET application, then using this application they can
develop or learn .NET with two different languages like C#.NET and
VB.NET. For developing this concept we are going use File Streams,
AJAX (Accordion Panel, Tab control). Not only .NET we can design the
Webpage using HTML. i.e., we are creating one more environment for
people who are going to develop or Learn HTML.
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1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages:
i. Advantages:
Forums save information posted on a particular topic for other
people to see at any time, this creates a discussion environment.
Everything that gets posted gets read again and again.
The fact that the discussion isn't real time means that it rarely
turns into heated arguments as people are given time to
research and consider their comments before replying, this
makes for mostly high-quality discussion.
We can learn any time and anywhere.
No need of installing the soft wares for corresponding courses.
Time consuming is less.
We can create environment as your wish.
ii. Disadvantages:
Although a minimum number of responses or posts were
required there was no maximum number.
We should have internet connection
Some online discussion messages either no response from the
students or the lecturer or very few responses by comparison to
other messages.
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LITERATURE SURVEY
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2 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Project Description:
In this project first user need to register himself so that
he can navigate to login page and enter into the website by mentioning his valid
username and password. The user gets into default page where he can view the subjects
on which he can add threads or reply for threads as well as the total number of threads
posted on a particular topic. From default page he can navigate to home page where he
can view all the threads and responses posted by the other members of the website.
Students are more likely to utilize critical thinking skills Discussion boards are
reflective in nature. They force students to read other perspectives and carefully
consider a response.
Students participate more regularly and in a more thoughtful manner than they
would normally do in a face-to-face instructional setting, especially in large-enrollment
classes The social aspects of the face-to-face classroom are very intimidating for many
students, especially for ESL speakers, new students, and those who are simply shy or
quiet.
Online discussion boards offer these individuals a tool through which they can
actively participate in the class without feeling the overwhelming anxiety they may feel
with many sets of eyes on them.
In addition, large-enrollment classes often suffer from a lack of student
participation. Online discussion boards provide these classes with a tool through which
conversations may take place more fluidly than in a lecture hall of 100 students.
Students develop a stronger class community because there is a greater propensity
for students to interact with one another on a discussion board than there is in a face-to-
face setting; class community is often shown to be enhanced.
Positive growth in class community is reflected through a sense of cohesion with
other students, a higher degree of trust between students, an increased number of
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inquiries and questions between students and the instructor, and a general sense that the
class is valuable and applicable to student needs (Rovai & Lucking, 2000).
Students are more likely to cite research and class readings as students reflect upon
what they want to write in a discussion board posting, they often integrate research or
class readings with which they are familiar. This occurs much more frequently in
discussion board postings than in face-to-face discussions, largely because of the extra
time a student has to think about their response.
Students achieve greater cognitive and exploratory learning the use of discussion
boards is an active method of learning, contrasted with the traditional lecture model that
is much more passive. As many research studies have shown, active learning is more
powerful than passive learning at getting students to learn, retain, and apply course
content to novel and practical situations.
This active engagement with course content gives students an enhanced sense of
empowerment ultimately leading to a more interested, motivated, and participatory
student.
Faculty members spend less time answering questions in face-to-face classes,
questions are almost always posed, sometimes repeatedly, to the instructor,
unnecessarily tying up their time. When using a discussion board, however, students
often answer each others questions with little or no prompting from the instructor.
Students have a greater sense of race and gender-based equality Race and gender-
based bias can often creep into face-to-face classes more readily than it can into
discussion boards. On a discussion board, the only distinguishing characteristic from
which race and/or gender might be drawn from is a participant's name.
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2.2 Existing System:
In the present system, students who want to learn .Net,
must and should require visual studio software i.e., .Net and specific hardware
requirements. This makes people from suffering from installing, which makes headache
and time consuming. And we have concept of posting the queries and answering the
corresponding queries but, we dont have the concept of executing .Net programs at the
same time through online.
2.2 Proposed Statement:
These are typical forums which contains groups of
contributors, usually registered members who submit topics for discussion(known as
threads) and communicate with each other using publicly visible messages(referred to
as posts) or private messaging. Forums usually exercise high access security and restrict
anonymous visitors from posts allowing restricted viewer ship. This is a new concept
which is not implemented yet. It is a powerful tool for .NET and HTML that makes
people from suffering for installing which makes headache. Students can learn .Net
from anywhere without bothering about software and hardware requirements.
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REQUIREMENTS
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3. REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware Requirements:
PIV 2.8 GHz Processor and Above
RAM 512MB and Above
HDD 40 GB Hard Disk Space and Above
3.2 Software Requirements:
WINDOWS OS (XP / 2000 / 200 Server / 2003 Server)
Visual Studio .Net 2005 Enterprise Edition
Internet Information Server 5.0 (IIS)
Visual Studio .Net Framework (Minimal for Deployment) version 2.0
SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition
3.3 Functional Requirements The system should be able to identify the existence of administrator and give
appropr In the online learning environment, the discussion takes on a new level of
importance for the physically dispersed learners to build a sense of community. It is
where they connect with other learners; share their personal experience, opinions, and
thoughts; explore new concepts; and deepen their understanding of the material.
The instructor is a facilitator in the discussion. They serve to monitor the
responses and ensure that the discussion is a safe place for all students to share.
Facilitators should keep the discussion on track and help those that tend to stray, focus
on the material being discussed.
Here are eight discussion forum strategies instructors should employ to enhance
students online experience:
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1. Post the rules of netiquette and behavior expectations at the start of class.
2. Encourage students to introduce themselves and meet one another to form a learning
community where they will feel safe to share and discuss.
3. Develop discussion questions that allow the student to critically reflect on the
material and synthesize it with their own experiences.
4. Encourage students to participate early and often.
5. Create their presence in the classroom but not interfere with the flow of the
discussion.
6. Intervene when the discussion is veering off in the wrong direction and help move the
discussion back on track.
7. Ensure that the discussion forum is a safe learning environment.
8. Promote further thinking and reflection by posing more thoughtful and engaging
questions within any given discussion.
We are going to implementing a dynamic creation of application through a
website. For example, users doesnt have visual studio software for developing the
.NET application, then using this application they can develop or learn .NET with two
different languages like C#.NET and VB.NET. For developing this concept we are
going use File Streams, AJAX (Accordion Panel, Tab control). Not only .NET we can
design the Webpage using HTML. i.e., we are creating one more environment for
people who are going to develop or Learn HTML.
This Document outlines the requirements for Social Web Forums. These are
typical forums which allow users to add threads and reply to existing threads. It also
allows users to search for existing threads. It provides all common tasks related to users
such as registration, password recovery, change profile etc.
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DESIGN
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4. DESIGN
4.1 System Architecture:
The waterfall model is a sequential development process, in which development is seen
as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of requirements
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analysis, design, implementation, testing (validation), integration, and maintenance.In
Royces original waterfall model, the following phases are followed in order:
1) Requirements specification
2) Design
3) Construction (implementation or coding)
4) Testing and Debugging
5) Installation
6)Maintenance
To follow the waterfall model, one proceeds from one phase to the next
in a purely sequential manner. For example, one first completes requirements
specification, which are set in stone. When the design is fully completed, an
implementation of that design is made by coders. Towards the later stages of this
implementation phase, disparate software components produced are combined to
introduce new functionality and remove errors.
Thus the waterfall model maintains that one should move to a phase only when its
proceeding phase is completed and perfected. However, there are various modified
waterfall models (including Royce's final model) that may include slight or major
variations upon this process.
4.2 Data Flow Diagrams:
A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and
analyze movement of data through a system. These are the central tool and the basis
from which the other components are developed. The transformation of data from input
to output, through processed, may be described logically and independently of physical
components associated with the system. These are known as the logical data flow
diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement
of data between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system
actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two familiar notations Yourdon,
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Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD
is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a number that will
be used for identification purpose. The development of DFDs is done in several levels.
Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in
the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It consists a
single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The process in
the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level DFD.
The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that
understanding at one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This
is done until further explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is
described for analyst to understand the process.
Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system
requirements in a graphical from, this lead to the modular design.
A DFD is also known as a bubble Chart has the purpose of clarifying system
requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in
system design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A
DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by data flows in the system.
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DFD SYMBOLS:
In the DFD, there are four symbols
1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data
2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information
flows
3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into
outgoing data flows.
4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data
Process that transforms data flow.
Source or Destination of data
Data flow
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Data Store
CONSTRUCTING A DFD:
Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFDs:
1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should
be representative of the process.
2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data
Traditionally flow from source to the destination although they may flow back to
the source. One way to indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An
alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more
than once in the DFD it is marked with a short diagonal.
3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and
dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitalized
A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should
contain all the data elements that flow in and out.
Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Missing
interfaces redundancies and like is then accounted for often through interviews.
SAILENT FEATURES OF DFDs
1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.
2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the
dataflows take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
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3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.
TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS
1. Current Physical
2. Current Logical
3. New Logical
4. New Physical
CURRENT PHYSICAL:
In Current Physical DFD proecess label include the name of
people or their positions or the names of computer systems that might provide some of
the overall system-processing label includes an identification of the technology used to
process the data. Similarly data flows and data stores are often labels with the names of
the actual physical media on which data are stored such as file folders, computer files,
business forms or computer tapes.
CURRENT LOGICAL:
The physical aspects at the system are removed as mush as possible so that the
current system is reduced to its essence to the data and the processors that transform
them regardless of actual physical form.
RULES GOVERNING THE DFDS
PROCESS
1) No process can have only outputs.
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2) No process can have only inputs. If an object has only inputs than it must be
a sink.
3) A process has a verb phrase label
DATA STORE
1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a
process must move data.
2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process,
which receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data
store
3) A data store has a noun phrase label.
SOURCE OR SINK
The origin and /or destination of data.
1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a
process
2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land
DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbol. It may flow in
both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an
update. The later is usually indicated however by two separate arrows since
these happen at different type.
2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or
more different processes data store or sink to a common location.
3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must
be atleast one other process that handles the data flow produce some other
data flow returns the original data into the beginning process.
4) Data flow to a data store means update ( delete or change).
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5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use.
Data Flow Diagrams:
Login:
Req Request Display
Check database
Homepage:
1) My Thread :
Request Result
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Valid user?
Valid password?
Login
Login
Result
2.0
Name of person who
login.
User can see and edit
the question and
answers posted
By the members.
Home
PageDisplay
Thread
Data
Storage
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Check with Database
2) Add Thread:
Check the Database
3) Change Profile:
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Select a Subject and
post a query
Add
Thread
Display message
Whether Ur
question added
successfully or
Data
Storage
Data
Storag
e
4.0
To Change profile
Change Profile Profile
changed
successfull
y.
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Update the Database
4) Change Password:
Check the Database
4) Search Threads:
Request Result
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To Change password weshould give old
password and
New Password
ChangePassword
Passwordchange
successfu
lly.
Data
Storag
e
Search
Thread
It takes u
to display
Thread
Page.
5.0
Give The Name of a
Thread which u want ToSearch and Click the
Search button.
Click on the Query which
u wants to answer.
Data
Storag
e
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4.3 UML Diagrams:
Unified Modeling Language:
Design Patterns brought a paradigm shift in the way object oriented systems are
designed. Instead of relying on the knowledge of problem domain alone, design patterns
allow past experience to be utilized while solving new problems. Traditional object
oriented design (OOD) approaches such as Booch, OMT, etc. advocated identification
and specification of individual objects and classes. Design Patterns on the other hand
promote identification and specification of collaborations of objects and classes.
However, much of the focus of recent research has been towards identification and
cataloging of new design patterns. The effort has been to assimilate knowledge gained
from designing systems of the past, in various problem domains. The problem analysis
phase has gained little benefit from this paradigm. Most projects still use traditional
object oriented analysis (OOA) approaches to identify classes from the problem
description. Responsibilities to those classes are assigned based upon the obvious
description of entities given in the problem definition.
Pattern Oriented Technique (POT) is a methodology for identifying interactions
among classes and mapping them to one or more design patterns. However, this
methodology also uses traditional OOA for assigning class responsibilities. As a result,
its interaction oriented design phase (driven by design patterns) receives its input in
terms of class definitions that might not lead to best possible design.
The second issue is to identify class collaborations. Techniques such as POT analyze
interactions among different sets of classes as specified in the problem description.
Such interacting classes are then grouped together to identify design patterns that may
be applicable. However, as mentioned earlier, only the interactions among obvious
classes are determined currently. Other interactions involving abstract classes not
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present in the problem or interactions that become feasible due to different
responsibility assignments are not considered. We present some techniques that enable
the designer to capture such interactions as well.
Interaction Based Analysis and Design
Top-down approach
This approach is applicable to situations where the designer knows the solution to
the given problem. It is true for problem domains that have well established high-level
solutions and different implementations vary in low level details (for e.g. Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) systems). Her main concern is to realize that solution in a
way such that the implemented system has nice properties such as maintainability and
reusability etc.
Bottom-up approach
This approach is applicable in scenarios where interactions in the problem domain
are not well understood and need to be discovered and explored. This situation is a
fundamental problem faced by the designers of object oriented systems. It relates to the
fact that objects oriented analysis (OOA) does not help much in creating a solution to
the problem at hand. The analysis phase is mainly concerned with enhancing the
understanding of the problem domain. This knowledge is then later used by a problem
solving approach to come up with a solution possessing good design properties. As aresult, at the end of the analysis phase the designer has a set of well defined components
that need to be assembled together for realizing a solution. For instance, to build a route
finder application the OOA phase helps in modeling the domain objects such as roads,
vehicles, cities, addresses etc. but does not actually provide a solution for finding routes
between two given addresses.Other formal techniques for specifying composition
include Petri-net based models, automata-based models; temporal logics etc. from
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verification community and XQuery, XML constraint tools based techniques from data
management community .
Representation of Class Responsibilities
Since we need to specify different alternative class responsibilities, as in bottom-up
approach, a mechanism is required to document them in a machine interpretable format.
Some of these responsibilities would get captured in the form of methods a class exports
or methods it invokes on other classes. However, other responsibilities with respect to
its interaction with other classes need to be explicitly specified. These may include pre-
and post-conditions for different method invocations, other properties such as
hasSameInterfaceAs , hidesInterfaceOf etc.
Languages such as could be used as it is or extended for this purpose.
Language for Specifying Design Patterns
The approaches for OO Design proposed in this paper favor automatic techniques
over manual ones for reasons described earlier. This means that we need a mechanism
to be able to express design patterns in a format amenable to be read and interpreted by
programs. Some attempts have been made at defining such pattern description
languages [14, 13]. One of these or some variation of these could be used to express
design patterns in a formal language.
Comparison of Software Designs
Once we have alternative designs available, they need to be compared to arrive at the
best one.
Each design may consist of multiple design patterns. The criteria here would not be
to simply count the number of design patterns used but to evaluate the interaction
between patterns and also between other design elements used. This would involve an
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understanding of good and bad design interactions and an ability to identify them in a
given design. The final challenge would be to do it automatically.
Structural Diagram
Class Diagrams
Class diagrams identify the class structure of a system, including the properties and
methods of each class. Also depicted are the various relationships that can exist between
classes, such as an inheritance relationship. The Class diagram is one of the most widely
used diagrams from the UML specification.
Object Diagram:
Object diagrams model instances of classes. This type of diagram is used to describe
the system at a particular point in time. Using this technique, you can validating the
class diagram and it's multiplicity rules with real-world data, and record test scenarios.
From a notation standpoint, Object diagrams borrow elements from Class diagrams.
Component Diagram:
Component diagrams fall under the category of an implementation diagram, a kind of
diagram that models the implementation and deployment of the system. A Component
Diagram, in particular, is used to describe the dependencies between various software
components such as the dependency between executable files and source files. This
information is similar to that within make files, which describe source codedependencies and can be used to properly compile an application.
Deployment Diagram:
Deployment diagrams are another model in the implementation diagram category.
The Deployment diagram models the hardware used in implementing a system and the
association between those hardware components. Components can also be shown on a
Deployment diagram to show the location of their deployment. Deployment diagrams
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can also be used early on in the design phase to document the physical architecture of a
system.
Behavioral Diagrams
Use Case Diagram:
Use Case diagrams identify the functionality provided by the system (use cases), the
users who interact with the system (actors), and the association between the users and
the functionality. Use Cases are used in the Analysis phase of software development to
articulate the high-level requirements of the system. The primary goals of Use Case
diagrams include:
Providing a high-level view of what the system does
Identifying the users ("actors") of the system
Determining areas needing human-computer interfaces
Use Cases extend beyond pictorial diagrams. In fact, text-based use case descriptionsare often used to supplement diagrams, and explore use case functionality in more
detail.
Sequence Diagram:
Sequence diagrams document the interactions between classes to achieve a result,
such as a use case. The Sequence diagram lists objects horizontally, and time vertically,
and models these messages over time.
Collaboration Diagram:
Collaboration diagrams model the interactions between objects. This type of diagram
is a cross between an object diagram and a sequence diagram. It uses free-form
arrangement of objects which makes it easier to see all iterations involving a particular
object.
State chart Diagram:
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State diagrams, are used to document the various modes ("state") that a class can go
through, and the events that cause a state transition.
Activity Diagram:
Activity diagrams are used to document workflows in a system, from the business
level down to the operational level. The general purpose of Activity diagrams is to
focus on flows driven by internal processing vs. external events
Sequence Diagram:
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: u s e r r e g i s t e r L o g i n h o m e p a g e c a t e g o r i e s p o s t t h r e a d s s e a r c h t h r ea d su s e r d e t a i ls
1 : s u c e s s f u l r e g i s t r a t io n
2 : f a i l u r e3 : L o g i n
4 : v a l i d u s e r
6 : i n v a l i d u s e r
5 : s t o r e u s e r d e t a i l s
7 : v ie w c a t e g o r i e s
8 : p o s t t h r e a d fo r c a t e g o r y
9 : u s e r t h r e a d s c a n b e vi e w e d
1 0 : s e a r c h o t h e r t h r e a d s
1 1 : d o m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o u s e r p r o f il e
1 2 : r e t u r n
Use Case Diagram:
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registration
home
categories
search threads
post threads
Login
user
Class Diagram:
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NewClass
login id
password
sign()
registration()
home page
view threads()
modifications
search for threads()
add new threads()
modify existing threads()
if login id
password are
valid user()
Collaboration Diagrams:
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5: 5:store user details
user : actor
rigister login
home
page
catagori
es
post
threads
user
details
search
threads
1: 1:sucessful registration
2: 2:failure
3: 3:login
4: 4:valid user
6: 6invalidb user
7: 7:view catagories
9: 9:user tthreads can be viewed10: 10:modifications to user profile
11: 11:search for other thread
8: 8:post threads to catagory
12: 12:return
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IMPLEMENTATION
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5. IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Front End:
Microsoft.NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET
Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:
To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether
object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-
distributed, or executed remotely.
To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment
and versioning conflicts.
To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of
code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance
problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of
applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on
the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and
the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation of
the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at
execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread
management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of
code accuracy that ensure security and robustness. In fact, the concept of code
management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is
known as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as
unmanaged code. The class library, the other main component of the .NET Framework,
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is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to
develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user interface
(GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by
ASP.NET, such as Web Form-
s and XML Web services.
The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common
language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code,
thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both managed and unmanaged
features. The .NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also
supports the development of third-party runtime hosts.
For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable, server-side environment
for managed code. ASP.NET works directly with the runtime to enable Web Forms
applications and XML Web services, both of which are discussed later in this topic.
Internet Explorer is an example of an unmanaged application that hosts the runtime (in
the form of a MIME type extension). Using Internet Explorer to host the runtime
enables you to embed managed components or Windows Forms controls in HTML
documents. Hosting the runtime in this way makes managed mobile code (similar to
Microsoft ActiveX controls) possible, but with significant improvements that only
managed code can offer, such as semi-trusted execution and secure isolated file storage.
Features of the Common Language Runtime
The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution,code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are
intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust,
depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet,
enterprise network, or local computer). This means that a managed component might or
might not be able to perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or other
sensitive functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.
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The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that an
executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but
cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The security features of the
runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed software to be exceptionally feature
rich.
.NET Framework Class Library
The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly integrate
with the common language runtime. The class library is object oriented, providing types
from which your own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes
the .NET Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with
learning new
features of the .NET Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate
seamlessly with classes in the .NET Framework.
For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of interfaces that
you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection classes will blend
seamlessly with the classes in the .NET Framework.
Console applications.
Scripted or hosted applications.
Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
ASP.NET applications.
XML Web services.
Windows services.
For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable types that
vastly simplify Windows GUI development. If you write an ASP.NET Web Form
application, you can use the Web Forms classes.
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Client Application Development
Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in Windows-based
programming. These are the types of applications that display windows or forms on the
desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client applications include applications such
as word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as
data-entry tools, reporting tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ
windows, menus, buttons, and other GUI elements, and they likely access local
resources such as the file system and peripherals such as printers.
Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveX control (now replaced by
the managed Windows Forms control) deployed over the Internet as a Web page. This
application is much like other client applications: it is executed natively, has access to
local resources, and includes graphical elements.
In the past, developers created such applications using C/C++ in conjunction with the
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or with a rapid application development (RAD)
environment such as Microsoft Visual Basic. The .NET Framework incorporates
aspects of these existing products into a single, consistent development environment
that drastically simplifies the development of client applications.
Client Application Development
Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in Windows-based
programming. These are the types of applications that display windows or forms on the
desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client applications include applications such
as word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as
data-entry tools, reporting tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ
windows, menus, buttons, and other GUI elements, and they likely access local
resources such as the file system and peripherals such as printers.
Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveX control (now replaced by
the managed Windows Forms control) deployed over the Internet as a Web page. This
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application is much like other client applications: it is executed natively, has access to
local resources, and includes graphical elements.
In the past, developers created such applications using C/C++ in conjunction with the
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or with a rapid application development (RAD)
environment such as Microsoft Visual Basic. The .NET Framework incorporates
aspects of these existing products into a single, consistent development environment
that drastically simplifies the development of client applications.
The Windows Forms classes contained in the .NET Framework are designed to be used
for GUI development. You can easily create command windows, buttons, menus,
toolbars, and other screen elements with the flexibility necessary to accommodate
shifting business needs.
For example, the .NET Framework provides simple properties to adjust visual attributes
associated with forms. In some cases the underlying operating system does not support
changing these attributes directly, and in these cases the .NET Framework automatically
recreates the forms. This is one of many ways in which the .NET Framework integrates
the developer interface, making coding simpler and more consistent.
Unlike ActiveX controls, Windows Forms controls have semi-trusted access to a user's
computer. This means that binary or natively executing code can access some of the
resources on the user's system (such as GUI elements and limited file access) without
being able to access or compromise other resources. Because of code access security,
many applications that once needed to be installed on a user's system can now be safely
deployed through the Web. Your applications can implement the features of a local
application while being deployed like a Web page.
Server Application Development
Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime hosts.
Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your custom
managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides you with all
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the features of the common language runtime and class library while gaining the
performance and scalability of the host server.
The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code running in
different server environments. Servers such as IIS and SQL Server can perform
standard operations while your application logic executes through the managed code.
Server-side managed code
ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET
Framework to target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than just a
runtime host; it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and Internet-
distributed objects using managed code. Both Web Forms and XML Web services use
IIS and ASP.NET as the publishing mechanism for applications, and both have a
collection of supporting classes in the .NET Framework.
XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are distributed,
server-side application components similar to common Web sites. However, unlike
Web-based applications, XML Web services components have no UI and are not
targeted for browsers such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Instead, XML
Web services consist of reusable software components designed to be consumed by
other applications, such as traditional client applications, Web-based applications, or
even other XML Web services. As a result, XML Web services technology is rapidly
moving application development and deployment into the highly distributed
environment of the Internet.
If you develop and publish your own XML Web service, the .NET Framework provides
a set of classes that conform to all the underlying communication standards, such as
SOAP, WSDL, and XML. Using those classes enables you to focus on the logic of your
service, without concerning yourself with the communications infrastructure required
by distributed software development.
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Finally, like Web Forms pages in the managed environment, your XML Web service
will run with the speed of native machine language using the scalable communication of
IIS.
5.2 Back End:
Our forums site provides commentary or news on a particular subject; and also
functions as more personal online diaries. A typical forum combines text, images, and
links to other forums, Web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability for
readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of our forums.
Our forums are primarily textual. This site also provides micro-foruming, which is
another type of foruming, one which consists of forums with very short posts.
The History:
Foruming has become something of a big thing in the last few years, and some of the
biggest and best known web forums attract the kind of traffic that even big name e-
commerce sites would be jealous of.
Web forums are more than pages of links - they tend to reflect the personalities of their
owners. They are personal web pages, updated very often.
They are the product of their owners' imaginations, interests and wit, and it's probably
this personal touch which has made them so popular, especially for political issues.
The word 'web forum' was coined by Jorn Barger, owner of the long-established and
extremely popular Robot Wisdom web forum. One can get a lot more about the historyof web forums from his site at robotwisdom.com
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Creating Database:
Microsoft SQL Server server management comprises a wide variety of
administration tasks, including:
Registering servers and assigning passwords.
Reconfiguring network connectivity.
Configuring standby servers.
Setting server configuration options.
Managing SQL Server messages. Etc
In most cases, you do not need to reconfigure the server. The default settings for the
server components, configured during SQL Server Setup, allow you to run SQL Server
immediately after it is installed. However, server management is necessary in those
situations where you want to add new servers, set up special server configurations,
change the network connections, or set server configuration options to improve SQL
Server performance.
Creating a Database
To create a database determines the name of the database, its owner (the user who
creates the database), its size, and the files and file groups used to store it.
Before creating a database, consider that:
Permission to create a database defaults to members of the sysadmin and
dbcreator fixed server roles, although permissions can be granted to other
users.
The user who creates the database becomes the owner of the database.
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A maximum of 32,767 databases can be created on a server.
The name of the database must follow the rules for identifiers.
Three types of files are used to store a database:
Primary files
These files contain the startup information for the database. The primary files
are also used to store data. Every database has one primary file.
Secondary files
These files hold all the data that does not fit in the primary data file. Databases
do not need secondary data files if the primary file is large enough to hold all the
data in the database. Some databases may be large enough to need multiple
secondary data files, or they may use secondary files on separate disk drives to
spread the data across multiple disks.
Transaction log
These files hold the log information used to recover the database. There must be
at least one transaction log file for each database, although there may be more
than one. The minimum size for a log file is 512 kilobytes (KB).
When a database is created, all the files that comprise the database are filled with zeros
to overwrite any existing data left on the disk by previously deleted files. Although this
means that the files take longer to create, this action prevents the operating system from
having to fill the files with zeros when data is written to the files for the first time
during usual database operations. This improves the performance of day-to-day
operations.
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Create a database using the Create Database Wizard (Enterprise Manager)
To create a database using the Create Database Wizard
1. Expand a server group, and then expand the server in which to create a database.
2. On the Tools menu, clickWizards.
3. Expand Database.
4. Double-clickCreate Database Wizard.
5. Complete the steps in the wizard.
Creating and Modifying a Table
After you have designed the database, the tables that will store the data in the database
can be created. The data is usually stored in permanent tables. Tables are stored in the
database files until they are deleted and are available to any user who has the
appropriate permissions.
Temporary Tables
You can also create temporary tables. Temporary tables are similar to permanent tables,
except temporary tables are stored in tempdb and are deleted automatically when no
longer in use.
The two types of temporary tables, local and global, differ from each other in their
names, their visibility, and their availability. Local temporary tables have a single
number sign (#) as the first character of their names; they are visible only to the current
connection for the user; and they are deleted when the user disconnects from instances
of Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Global temporary tables have two number signs
(##) as the first characters of their names; they are visible to any user after they are
created; and they are deleted when all users referencing the table disconnect from SQL
Server.
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For example, if you create a table named employees, the table can be used by any
person who has the security permissions in the database to use it, until the table is
deleted. If you create a local temporary table named #employees, you are the only
person who can work with the table, and it is deleted when you disconnect. If you create
a global temporary table named ##employees, any user in the database can work with
this table. If no other user works with this table after you create it, the table is deleted
when you disconnect. If another user works with the table after you create it, SQL
Server deletes it when both of you disconnect.
Table Properties
You can define up to 1,024 columns per table. Table and column names must follow the
rules for identifiers; they must be unique within a given table, but you can use the same
column name in different tables in the same database. You must also define a data type
for each column.
Although table names must be unique for each owner within a database, you can create
multiple tables with the same name if you specify different owners for each. You can
create two tables named employees and designate Jonah as the owner of one and Sally
as the owner of the other. When you need to work with one of the employees tables,
you can distinguish between the two tables by specifying the owner with the name of
the table.
Before using the component the component has to attach to the application which
can be done by double clicking on the solution name on the solution explorer. Browse
the component and attach to the solution. Once the component is attached. Importing it
into the application as can use the component.
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CODING
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6. Coding:
Add Thread:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class addthread : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User u = (User)Session["user"];
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string msg = ThreadDAL.AddNewThread(u.Id, ddlSubjects.SelectedItem.Value,
txtText.Text);
if (msg == null)
lblMsg.Text = "Thread has been added sucessfully!";
else
lblMsg.Text = "Sorry! Error -->" + msg;
}
}
Change Password:
Using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class changepassword : System.Web.UI.Page
{
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protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void btnChange_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User u = (User)Session["user"];
string msg = UserDAL.ChangePassword(u.Id,
txtOldpwd.Text,
txtNewpwd.Text);
if (msg == null)
lblMsg.Text = "Password Changed Sucessfully!";
else
lblMsg.Text = "Error -->" + msg;
}
}
Change Profile:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
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using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class changeprofile : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
User u = (User)Session["user"];
txtFullname.Text = u.FullName;
txtOccup.Text = u.Occupation;
}
}
protected void btnChange_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
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User u = (User)Session["user"];
string msg = UserDAL.ChangeProfile(u.Id, txtFullname.Text, txtOccup.Text);
if (msg == null) // success
{
// change object in memory
u.Occupation = txtOccup.Text;
u.FullName = txtFullname.Text;
lblMsg.Text = "Changed Profile Successfully!";
}
else
lblMsg.Text = "Error -->" + msg;
try
{
string filename = "images/" + u.Id + ".jpg";
FileUpload1.SaveAs(Request.MapPath(filename));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
}
}
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Contact Us:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class contactus : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
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Default:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
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Display Thread:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class displaythread : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void btnReply_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User u = (User)Session["user"];
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string msg = ThreadDAL.AddReply(u.Id,Request.QueryString["tid"].ToString(),
txtReply.Text);
if (msg == null)
lblMsg.Text = "Reply has been added sucessfully!";
else
lblMsg.Text = "Sorry! Error -->" + msg;
}
}
Display User:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class displayuser : System.Web.UI.Page
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{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
Login:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class login1 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
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}
protected void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User u = UserDAL.Login(txtEmail.Text, txtPwd.Text);
if (u == null)
lblMsg.Text = "Sorry! Invalid email/password!";
else
{
Session.Add("user", u);
Session.Add("uid", u.Id);
FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(txtEmail.Text, false);
}
}
}
Master Page:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
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using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class MasterPage2 : System.Web.UI.MasterPage
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User u = (User)Session["user"];
lblWelcome.Text = "Welcome " + u.FullName;
}
protected void lbLogout_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Session.Abandon();
FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
Response.Redirect("login.aspx");
}
}
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My Threads:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class mythreads : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
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New Page:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class newpage : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
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Search Threads:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.IO;
public partial class searchthreads : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void btnSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
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string cond = " 1 = 1 ";
if (txtText.Text == "" && txtFromDate.Text == "" && txtToDate.Text == "")
{
lblmsg.Text = "Input Some Data";
}
else
{
if (txtText.Text.Length > 0)
cond += " and text like '%" + txtText.Text + "%'";
if (txtFromDate.Text.Length > 0)
cond += " and dp >='" + txtFromDate.Text + "'";
if (txtToDate.Text.Length > 0)
cond += " and dp
-
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Subject Threads:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
public partial class subjectthreads : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
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Website Map:
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TESTING
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6.1 TYPES OF TESTING:
1) COMPILATION TEST:
It was a good idea to do our stress testing early on, This program was
successfully loaded and Compiled. Because of good programming there
were no Compilation errors.
2) EXECUTION TEST:
This program was successfully loaded and executed. Because of good
programming there were no execution errors.
3) OUTPUT TEST:
The successful output screens are placed in the output screens section.
SOFTWARE TESTING PRINCIPLES:
Software testing is an extremely creative and intellectually challenging task. When
testing follows the principles given below, the creative element of test design and
execution rivals any of the preceding software development steps.
1. Testing must be done by an independent party: Testing should not be performed by
the person or team that developed the software since they tend to defend the correctness
of the program.
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2. Assign best personnel to the task: Because testing requires high creativity and
responsibility only the best personnel must be assigned to design, implement, and
analyze test cases, test data and test results.
3. Testing should not be planned under the tacit assumption that no errors will be found.
4. Test for invalid and unexpected input conditions as well as valid conditions: The
program should generate correct messages when an invalid test is encountered and
should generate correct results when the test is valid.
5. The probability of the existence of more errors in a module or group of modules is
directly proportional to the number of errors already found.
6. Testing is the process of executing software with the intent of finding errors.
7. Keep software static during test: The program must not be modified during the
implementation of the set of designed test cases.
8. Document test cases and test results.
9. Provide expected test results if possible: A necessary part of test documentation is the
specification of expected results, even if providing such results is impractical.
10. A necessary part of a test case is a definition of the expected output or result.
11. A programmer should avoid attempting to test his or own program.
12. A programming organization should not test its own programs.
13. Thoroughly inspect the results of each test.
14. Test cases must be written for invalid and unexpected, as well as valid and expected,
input conditions.
15. Examining a program to see if it does not do what it is supposed to do is only half of
the battle. The other half is seeing whether the program does what it is not supposed to
do.
16. Avoid throw-away test cases unless the program is truly a throw-away program.
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17. Do not plan a testing effort under the tacit assumption that no errors will be found.
6.2 TEST CASES:
Understand a range of different software testing techniques and strategies
Be able to apply a specific (automated) unit testing method to your group project
It is impossible to completely test any nontrivial module or any system
Testing can only show the presence of bugs, not their absence
Testing Objectives are:
1. To find Uncovered Errors based on Requirement.
2. Ensure the Product is Bug Free before shipment/release.
3. 'Quality is Ensured';
4. To explore the bugs and report it and try to make software as bug free as
Possible.
5. To show that the Software has errors
Unit testing:
The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of testable software in the
application, isolate it from the remainder of the code, and determine whether it behaves
exactly as you expect. Each unit is tested separately before integrating them into
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modules to test the interfaces between modules. Unit testing has proven its value in that
a large percentage of defects are identified during its use.
The most common approach to unit testing requires drivers and stubs to be written. The
driver simulates a calling unit and the stub simulates a called unit. The investment of
developer time in this activity sometimes results in demoting unit testing to a lower
level of priority and that is almost always a mistake. Even though the drivers and stubs
cost time and money, unit testing provides some undeniable advantages. It allows for
automation of the testing process, reduces difficulties of discovering errors contained in
more complex pieces of the application, and test coverage is often enhanced because
attention is given to each unit.
For example, if you have two units and decide it would be more cost effective to glue
them together and initially test them as an integrated unit, an error could occur in a
variety of places:
Is the error due to a defect in unit 1?
Is the error due to a defect in unit 2?
Is the error due to defects in both units?
Is the error due to a defect in the interface between the units?
Is the error due to a defect in the test?
Finding the error (or errors) in the integrated module is much more complicated than
first isolating the units, testing each, then integrating them and testing the whole.
Drivers and stubs can be reused so the constant changes that occur during the
development cycle can be retested frequently without writing large amounts of
additional test code. In effect, this reduces the cost of writing the drivers and stubs on a
per-use basis and the cost of retesting is better controlled.
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Manual testing:
Manual testing requires a tester to perform manual test operations on the test software
without the help of Test automation. Manual testing is a laborious activity that requires
the tester to possess a certain set of qualities; to be patient, observant, speculative,
creative, innovative, open-minded, resourceful, unopinionated, and skillful.
Steps for Manual Testing
A manual tester would typically perform the following steps for manual testing:
1. Understand the functionality of program
2. Prepare a test environment
3. Execute test case(s) manually
4. Verify the actual result
1. Record the result as Pass or Fail
2. Make a summary report of the Pass and Fail test cases
3. Publish the report
4. Record any new defects uncovered during the test case execution
There is no complete substitute for manual testing. Manual testing is crucial for testing
software applications more thoroughly. Test automation has become a necessity mainly
due to shorter deadlines for performing test activities, such as regression testing,
performance testing, and load testing.
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WHITE BOX TESTING:
It is a test case design method that uses the control structures of the procedural design to
derive test cases.
Using this testing a software Engineer can derive the following test cases:
Exercise all the logical decisions on either true or false sides.
Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational boundaries.
Exercise the internal data structures to assure their validity.
BLACK BOX TESTING:
It is a test case design method used on the functional requirements of the software. It
will help a software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will exercise all the
functional requirements of the program.
Black Box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories:
Incorrect or missing functions
Interface errors
Errors in data structures
Performance errors
Initialization and termination errors
By black box testing we derive a set of test cases that satisfy the following criteria:
Test cases that reduce by a count that is greater than one
The number of additional test cases that must be designed to achieve reasonable
testing.
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Test cases that tell us something about the presence or absence of classes of errors
rather than errors associated only with a specific test at hand
SCREEN LAYOUTS
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Homepage:
This webpage displays subjects on which the members of this site can post threads or
acknowledge threads.
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Registration page:
To become the valid users of this website, registration should be done.
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ADD Thread:
The members of this site can post threads by selecting the subject from the
dropdownlist.
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Search Thread:
In this webpage the users can search threads to view the responses for that particular
thread.
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My Threads:
This webpage displays all the threads posted by the current user of the site.
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Change Password:
The user can change his current password with a new password.
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Change Profile:
The user can change the details of his profile given during registration.
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COLNCLUSION
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8. CONCLUSION:
All the users in the organization have appreciated the project.
It is easy to use, since it uses the GUI provided in the user dialog.
User-friendly screens are provided.
The usage of software increases the efficiency, decreases the effort. It has been thoroughly tested and implemented.
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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
9. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:
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Analyzing content development and visualizing social interactions in
Web forum should be a self-contained project. It is the first attempt at a FileManagement system by myself, and contains or involves a number of technologies
which are new to me (Asp.Net, C#.net, Ajax, SQL Server, etc.).
We can add any other techniques i.e., core java, advanced java script, data
warehousing, xml and any other techniques.
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TABLES
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10. TABLES:
Creating and Modifying a Table
After you have designed the database, the tables that will store the data in the database
can be created. The data is usually stored in permanent tables. Tables are stored in the
database files until they are deleted and are available to any user who has the
appropriate permissions.
Temporary Tables
You can also create temporary tables. Temporary tables are similar to permanent tables,
except temporary tables are stored in tempdb and are deleted automatically when no
longer in use.
The two types of temporary tables, local and global, differ from each other in their
names, their visibility, and their availability. Local temporary tables have a single
number sign (#) as the first character of their names; they are visible only to the current
connection for the user; and they are deleted when the user disconnects from instances
of Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Global temporary tables have two number signs
(##) as the first characters of their names; they are visible to any user after they are
created; and they are deleted when all users referencing the table disconnect from SQL
Server.
For example, if you create a table named employees, the table can be used by any
person who has the security permissions in the database to use it, until the table is
deleted. If you create a local temporary table named #employees, you are the only
person who can work with the table, and it is deleted when you disconnect. If you create
a global temporary table named ##employees, any user in the database can work with
this table. If no other user works with this table after you create it, the table is deleted
when you disconnect. If another user works with the table after you create it, SQL
Server deletes it when both of you disconnect.
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Table Properties
You can define up to 1,024 columns per table. Table and column names must follow the
rules for identifiers; they must be unique within a given table, but you can use the same
column name in different tables in the same database. You must also define a data type
for each column.
Although table names must be unique for each owner within a database, you can create
multiple tables with the same name if you specify different owners for each. You can
create two tables named employees and designate Jonah as the owner of one and Sally
as the owner of the other. When you need to work with one of the employees tables,
you can distinguish between the two tables by specifying the owner with the name of
the table.
Before using the component the component has to attach to the application which
can be done by double clicking on the solution name on the solution explorer. Browse
the component and attach to the solution. Once the component is attached. Importing it
into the application as can use the component.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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11. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
The primary references of this project
Wrox Publications (BOOK: Professional ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 2005 Edition: In C#
and VB )
Wrox Publications (BOOK: Professional SQL Server 2005 Programming ISBN: 0-7645-8434-0 )
http://msdn.microsoft.com
http://www.asp.net
http://www.wrox.com
http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-asp-net-3-5-sp1-edition-c-vb-497/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-asp-net-3-5-sp1-edition-c-vb-497/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-sql-server-2005-programming-isbn-0-7645-8434-0-292/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-sql-server-2005-programming-isbn-0-7645-8434-0-292/http://msdn.microsoft.com/http://www.asp.net/http://www.wrox.com/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-asp-net-3-5-sp1-edition-c-vb-497/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-asp-net-3-5-sp1-edition-c-vb-497/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-sql-server-2005-programming-isbn-0-7645-8434-0-292/http://p2p.wrox.com/book-professional-sql-server-2005-programming-isbn-0-7645-8434-0-292/http://msdn.microsoft.com/http://www.asp.net/http://www.wrox.com/