Maidan Summit 2011 - Fred Coalter, University of Sterling
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Sport-for-development Community empowerment through sport Maidan Summit Delhi 1-3 December 2011 Prof Fred Coalter There is nothing as practical as a good theory From fuzzy snapshots to clear videos
description
During his discourse at Maidan Summit 2011, Mr Fred Coalter made a presentation around the monitoring and evaluation of sport for development programmes, in reference to the mechanisms and processes of their development. He showed how the experience of sport (and not always, sport itself) may facilitate results, and how community empowerment can happen through this experience. Mr Coalter also emphasised on crafting specific programmes based on different social relationships and environments, and delivered to specific target people.
Transcript of Maidan Summit 2011 - Fred Coalter, University of Sterling
Sport-for-development
Community empowerment through sport
Maidan Summit
Delhi
1-3 December 2011
Prof Fred Coalter
There is nothing as practical as a good theory
From fuzzy snapshots to clear videos
Individual impacts
Personal/social development/attitudes
Individual outcomes
Changed behaviour
Inputs Outputs
Sporting inclusion
Traditional SD: Equity
Sporting Outcomes
Skills, rules, ethics
It’s more than a game
Beyond participation
Sport
Magic box; social vaccine
From necessary to sufficient conditions
‘ ….there is nothing about …sport itself that is magical ….It is the
experience of sport that may facilitate the result’. Papacharisisi et al (2005)
Necessary conditions sufficient conditions
Not ‘sport’ process/experience is all
Not ‘sport’ sport plus
Families of programmes families of mechanisms
Mechanisms are the engines of explanation
Programme theory : sequence of causes/effects
Nature of issues to be addressed
Components
Mechanisms
Relationships
Relevant impacts outcomes
Programme theory
Open access Self-selecting
Open + Targeting
Targeting
Inputs 1
Recruitment
(i) Assumptions (ii) Evidence: distribution of ‘issues’ PIs
Self-efficacy
Self-esteem
Lack of ambition
Violence/gangs
‘At risk’
Knowledge of health?
M/F distribution?
Programme approach ?
Inputs 2 Participants
Sport • Mastery/Comp • Team/individual
/partner • Cognitive/ spatial • Rules/ informality • Coach
Sport plus • Red card
approach • Workshops • Vocational quals • Volunteering • Coach/youth
worker
Plus sport • Sport as ‘fly
paper’ • Youth work
approach • Vocational quals • Volunteering
• Youth worker/coach
Outputs 1 Sport, sport plus
and plus sport
Coach/ leader
Role model
Social distance
(be) friend
Beyond the touchline
Outputs 2 Social
relationships
Sense of safety/ acceptance/belonging
Interested /caring adults
Models for conventional behaviour
Controls on deviant behaviour
Critical support
Value placed on achievement
Positive attitudes to future
Outputs 3 Social climate
Respect
Trust
Reciprocity
New peers Better understanding of others Understanding consequences Taking responsibility Reduction in risk-taking Confidence Self-worth Focus and direction Ambition Increased maturity Enhanced educ/ job prospects
Impacts Interim outcomes
Strategic outcomes
• Reduced anti-
social behaviour
• Reduced gang
membership
• Reduced drug
taking
• Educational
achievement
• Employment
Befriending Direction-setting Coaching Sponsoring
A Programme Theory: making the connections
Interventions carry not one, but several mechanisms
‘There is loads of relationships there’
‘there’s just so many people there that have got the time for you ..... if you
have got any problems, anything at all, all you’ve gotta do is pick up the
phone or just call the office and there’ll always be someone there who’s got
the time to look after you.’
We like not to disappoint them like….we don’t want to let them down’.
Respect trust reciprocity
They give you a lot of respect and they always, they always say to you, if
I give you respect, you need to give me respect back … They demand
respect from you ‘cos they’re gonna give you respect.
‘It is through the workings of entire systems of social relationships that any
changes in behaviours........ are effected – therefore rarely is the same
programme equally effective in all circumstances’.
There is nothing as practical as a good theory
sports as sites for socialisation experiences, not causes of
socialisation outcomes.’ Coakley
Research/theory
Programme theories: improving the menu
What are nature, causes and scope of issues/problems?
Social inclusion; crime; (under)‘development’
What aspects of the programme ?
Sport or sport plus?
How do they address these?
Components/relationships/experiences/mechanisms
Logic model: theories of change/assumptions
Has sport any contribution to make?
Sequences of causes and effects desired outcomes
Critical success factors?
Sport-for-development
Community empowerment through sport
Maidan Summit
Delhi
1-3 December 2011
Prof Fred Coalter
There is nothing as practical as a good theory
From fuzzy snapshots to clear videos
• Programme theories/logic
• Theories of change/assumptions
• Programme design
Basis for M&E
Research/theory
• What are nature, causes and scope of issues/problems?
• What aspects of the programme address these?
• How do they address these?
• Sufficient conditions intermediate impacts?
• Intermediate outcomes changed behaviours/’development’?
Programme theories: improving the menu
Sport-in-Development: A Monitoring and Evaluation Manual
UK Sport/UNICEF. 2006
MYSA, Nairobi ; Go Sisters, Lusaka; YES, Harare; Magic Bus, Mumbai
• Liberia: Post war conflict resolution
• Senegal: Rural Muslim communities
• Malawi: Street children and re-integration
• South Africa 1: Children and risk: Cape Town
• South Africa 2: Peer leader training: Limpopo/ Eastern Cape
• Uganda 1: Kampala: HIV/AIDS
• Uganda 2: Gulu: Refugees/IDP camps
• Tanzania: Dar: HIV/AIDS and female empowerment
• Mumbai: Slum and street children
• Calcutta: Railway children
Individual impacts
Personal/social development/attitudes
Individual outcomes
Behaviour
Strategic outcomes
Community regeneration/social capital
Conflict resolution
Inputs Outputs
Sporting inclusion
Equity: target groups
Sporting Outcomes
Skills, rules, ethics
It’s more than a game
Beyond participation
Necessary conditions sufficient conditions
Families of programmes families of mechanisms
Not ‘sport’ process is all
Not ‘sport’ sport plus
From strategy to tactics
Mechanisms are the engines of explanation
Sport, like most activities, is not a priori good or bad, but has the
potential of producing both positive and negative outcomes.
Questions like ‘what conditions are necessary for sport to have
beneficial outcomes?’ must be asked more often. Patriksson
Impacts and outcomes depend on context……………
Necessary condition sufficient conditions
Families of programmes families of mechanisms
Not ‘sport’ process is all
Not ‘sport’ sport plus
Impacts/outcomes are contingent……………
From strategy to tactics
Mechanisms are the engines of explanation
……….and basis for generalisation
‘The operative mechanism of change isn’t the program activities
per se but the response that the activities generate’
Volunteering and ‘a sense of being needed’
I think that standing in front of them… kids, trying to coach them
basketball, I mean, it gives you confidence, gives you self-
confidence
It’s good… … at first, it was frightening. It was standing up in front
of 30 kids and giving a speech … it was frightening, know what I
mean? You need to stand, stand up and do balls in front of 50 kids,
know what I mean. You’re soon gonna grow up.
