Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (MFA) Magnes 1), W., H. Hauer 2), A. Valavanoglou 1), M. Oberst 2), H....
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Transcript of Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (MFA) Magnes 1), W., H. Hauer 2), A. Valavanoglou 1), M. Oberst 2), H....
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (MFA)
Magnes1), W., H. Hauer2), A. Valavanoglou1), M. Oberst2),H. Neubauer2), D. Pierce3), J. Means3), I. Jernej1), C. Hagen1),
W. Baumjohann1) and P. Falkner4)
1) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences2) Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits , Germany
3) Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics , UCLA, USA4) European Space Research and Technology Centre, ESA
AMICSA-08, 2nd Sept. 2008
IGPP/UCLA
2AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
3AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
4AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Block Diagram of MFA-2
Analog Part:
- 3 fluxgate channels with LNA
- 1 housekeeping channel w/mux.
- Reference generation
- 4 spare op-amps
Digital Part:
- Primary and sec. decimation filter
- 4-wire serial synchronous I/F
- Command decoder, Clk-generation
- Test bus interface
5AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Fluxgate Sensor
Design of IGEP, TU Braunschweig (Germany)
- Rosetta, Venus Express, Themis
- a) Sensor core: 2 entwined ring-cores with pick-up coils
- b) Complete sensor: excitation, pick-up and feedback
Measures magnetic field vector: DC-100 Hz, pT to mT
6AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Fluxgate Signals in Discrete Analog
CH1 /Id
CH2 /Is
CH1
CH2
CH01: signal after band-pass CH02: signal after pre-amplifier
7AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Delta-Sigma Fluxgate
Fluxgate Sensor
First 2nd-Order Modulatorwith Modified Circuits
Second 2nd-Order Modulator(Standard Modulator)
Error Cancellation Logic
to Prim.Dec. Filter
1-bitDAC
x(t)
y(t)1 bit 21 bits
y(n) y'(n)
--
Modulator
FPGAINT1 INT2 COMP
LNA BPF
Sensor
BEX
-
fS : fD
SINCFILTER
16-24ADC
ASD
2f0
D-FF
fS=f0/232 :1
RFB
bits
dt dt Q D
Analog Fluxgate
INT
dt
Magnes W, et al. 2003A sigma-delta fluxgate magnetometer for space applications, Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 1003-1012
8AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Package and Chip Monograph
Dig
ital
Par
t
Reference Generation
X-ChannelModulator
Y-ChannelModulator
Z-ChannelModulator
AdditionalModulator
Clo
ck G
en
erat
ion
& E
rro
r C
ance
lla
tio
n
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (0.35μm CMOS from austriamicrosystems) in a 100-pin CQFP package being soldered to an adapter board
Chip micrograph of MFA-2 (ca. 20 mm2)
9AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
10AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Final Test Configuration
MFA EGSE
- Interface adapter
- Power supply
- Connection to host-PC
VEXMAG sensor
- IGEP TU-Braunschweig
Test board (ver. 4)
- 9x6 cm2
11AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Noise Performance (1/2)
10-1
100
101
102
103
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
PS
D [n
T/r
t(H
z)]
Frequency [Hz]
8 Hz, 100 nT peak
80 dB/dec
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 00
20
40
60
80
100
SN
DR
(dB
)Input (dBFS)
SNDRmax=92dB @ -6dBFS
Ideally configured FLUX channel
- Noise floor <100 Hz dominated by sensor noise
- Increase of quant. noise of 80 dB/dec (gain setting correct)
- Harmonic distortion > 95 dB
SNDR and DR of HK channel
- Data after prim. decimation filter (128 Hz, fc=30 Hz)
- SNDRmax=92 dB
- DR=98 dB
12AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Noise Performance (2/2)
MFA-1 (black) vs. MFA-2 (red)
- 1/f-noise in MFA-1 < 10 Hz
- No 1/f-noise in MFA-2 due to Correlated Double Sampling (CDS)
MFA-2 and MMS sensor (UCLA)
- Lowest noise level ever measured with this sensor
- 25 mm ring-cores with twin pick-up system
100
101
10-3
10-2
10-1
PS
D [
nT
/rt(
Hz)
]
Frequency [Hz]
MFA1-XMFA2-X
10-1
100
101
102
10-3
10-2
10-1
PS
D [n
T/r
t(H
z)]
[Hz]
DFG-P2-XDFG-P2-Y
10 pT/rt(Hz)
Noise Source: Sensor MFA ΣΔ
13AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
SNDR and Dynamic Range
Data rate [Hz]
Bandwidth [Hz]
SNR FLUX [dB]
DR FLUX [dB]
SNR HK [dB]
DR HK [dB]
128 30 85.0 91.0 92 98
64 24 86.2 92.2 93 99
32 16 88.5 94.5 96 102
16 8 90.1 96.1 99 105
8 4 93.0 99.0 102 108
4 2 95.8 101.8 105 111
2 1 97.2 103.2 108 114
Housekeeping Channel
- 128 Hz, fc=30 Hz: SNDRmax=92 dB, DR=98 dB
- 2 Hz, fc=1 Hz: SNDRmax=98 dB, DR=114 dB
Fluxgate Channels
- 128 Hz, fc=30 Hz: SNDRmax=85 dB, DR=91 dB
- 2 Hz, fc=1 Hz: SNDRmax=97 dB, DR=103 dB
- Less performance gain at lower frequencies due to 1/f noise of fluxgate sensor
14AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
15AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Radiation Tests (ESA Facilities)
TID test 1
- 2-2 cascaded modulator from Fraunhofer IIS
- Up to 115 krad
TID test 2 (MFA-1)
- Functional up to 260 krad
- Linear drop of SNDR(0.04 dB/krad)
TID test 3 (MFA-2)
- Functional up to 300 krad
- 1/f noise above 130 krad
Single Event Test (MFA-1)
- SEL LETTH of 14.1 MeV*cm²/mg
- σSAT of 10-3 cm2/device
16AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
TID Test with MFA-2
Fully functional up to 300 krad
Test board was configured in external voltage mode
- Fluxgate channels with different ranges and set-ups
Increase of 1/f-noise with TID above 170 krad
All four channels show same behaviour
No difference between internal and external voltage reference
Increased noise disappears after 10 day annealing at room temp.
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
Frequency [Hz]
PS
D [F
S/r
t(H
z)]
X - 299krad/extRefY - 299krad/extRefZ - 299krad/extRefHK - 299krad/extRefHK - 4krad/extRef
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
Frequency [Hz]
PS
D [V
/rt(
Hz)
]
HK - 299krad/extRefHK - 299krad/intRefHK - 0krad/extRefHK - 299krad/intRef/A_20°C_10days
17AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
18AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Summary Tables
Process: CMOS 0.35 µm
Fabrication: austriamicrosystems
Layers: 2 poly, 4 metal
Chip area: 20 mm²
Package: CQFP-100
Gate equivalent (digital): 25,000
Transistors (analog): 14,000
Delta-sigma modulators: Three fluxgate, one housekeeping
Digital interface: 4-wire serial synchronous
Synchronization: Per command
Supply voltage: 3.3 V digital 3.5 V analog
Power consumption: 10 mW digital 50 mW analog 60 mW total
PCB area: < 9x6 cm2
Data interface: TLMH channel: 128 Hz
TLML channel: 2-128Hz
Total dose hardness: Full specs: 170 krad Functional : > 300 krad
Single event latch-up: > 14MeV•cm²mg-1
Dynamic range (field): < ±60,000 nT; 92 dB
Dynamic range (voltage):
± 1.25 V (differential); 108 dB ± 0.625 V (single-ended)
Digital resolution: 23 Bits
SNDR (field): 85 dB
SNDR (voltage): 97 dB
Offset stability (field) < 10 pT/°C MFA temperature < 0.4 nT/250h
Gain stability (field) 50 ppm/°C (± 2,000 nT range)
MFA Summary
MFA Resource Requirements
MFA Performance Characteristics
19AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
20AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Block Diagram of MFA-3
FluxgateSensor
Fluxgate-Sigma-Delta2-2 Cascaded (X-Axis)
Fluxgate-Sigma-Delta2-2 Cascaded (Y-Axis)
Fluxgate-Sigma-Delta2-2 Cascaded (Z-Axis)
Sigma-DeltaH/K Channel
Sam
plin
g, E
rror
Can
cella
tion,
M
odul
ator
Con
trol
and
Fee
dbac
k
4 x
Prim
ary
Filt
erS
INC
^4 (
CIC
)O
SR
of 6
4 an
d 32
3 x Secondary Filterfor X,Y,Z
(6 x Boxcar Averaging)
Dat
a C
olle
ctor
,P
acka
ging
and
T
elem
etry
Uni
t
Command Decoder,Fluxgate and H/K Timing / Control
Analog ExcitationCircuit
3.3 VAnalogSupply
ReferenceVoltage
TestBus I/F
SerialInterface
3.3 VDigitalSupply
8:1 MUXCLK
(TLM
H)
TLM
L
CLK
CM
D
Spare OP 1, 2, 3 and 4
1 x Secondary Filterfor H/K
CMD
XY
ZH
/K
Hardware ControlTBEN / RST
MIXED ASIC - ANALOG
MIXED ASIC - DIGITAL
X,Y,Z,H/KLNA
LNA
LNA
ASD X, Y and Z OUTfor analog check-out
Reference Generation
Band-gap 1.2 V
1Hz S
ync
T_
Se
nso
r
Redesign is ongoing; Tape-out in Dec. 2008
Modifications in blue (minor) and red (major)
- Functional block basically the same as for MFA-2
NASA level 2 qualification in 2009 (Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission)
Proposed for Cross Scale Mission (Cosmic Vision M-class candidate)
21AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
22AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
MFA as General Purpose ADC
The MFA is at the same time a 4- to 11-channel general purpose ADC
Configuration A:
- 4 channels with 128 Hz data rate
- X, Y and Z with flexible input range up to ±10 V and HK (A1) with ±1.25 V
Configuration B:
- 3 channels with 128 Hz data rate and flexible range (X, Y and Z)
- 1 channel with 2 Hz and ±1.25 V; 5 channels with 2 Hz and ±0.625 V
- 2 additional channels measure supply voltage and MFA temp. with 2 Hz
23AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
24AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Radiation Hardening
MFA-3 is a candidate for a number of missions in the frame of Cosmic Vision: e.g. Cross Scale (MFA-3 as is) and Laplace (radiation hard MFA required).
- Latch-up protection circuit is mandatory
It is considered to make future MFA designs fully radiation hard by
- either developing a rad-hard digital library for the currently used C35 process from austriamicrosystems
- or to transfer the current design to a process with an existing rad-hard, digital library (e.g. UMC 0.18 μm) in the upcoming years.
25AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Magnetometer Front-end ASIC
Overview of System Level Design
Test Results and Performance
Summary of Radiation Tests
MFA-2 Summary Tables
Ongoing Redesign Activities
Application as 4- to 11-Channel Housekeeping ADC
Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter
Conclusion
26AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
MFA Benefits
Miniaturization
TID hardness
Power consumption
Offset stability
with competitive performance!
27AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency, Advanced Studies and Technology Preparation Division for funding this project under contract no. 18391/04/NL/HB
and the Institute of Meteorology and extraterrestrial Physics, Technical University in Braunschweig/Germany (namely Prof. K.-H. Glassmeier and K.-H. Fornacon) for the support of the MFA project with the fluxgate sensors of the Engineering Model magnetometer developed for the Venus Express mission.