Magnetism What is it and why are “they” saying such nasty things about it? Daryl L Taylor...
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Transcript of Magnetism What is it and why are “they” saying such nasty things about it? Daryl L Taylor...
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MagnetismWhat is it and why are
“they” saying such nasty things about it?
Daryl L TaylorDTFizzix.com
Greenwich HS, CT02/21/2012
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Why are we here?
•We should learn –Where does magnetism come from?–How it relates to electricity?–What does it have to do with real life?–Watch floating fruit?
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Electricity & Magnetism Related?• So much so, you simply can’t have one without
the other.– ‘+’ & ‘-’ relates to ‘N’ & ‘S’
• A moving magnet will cause a motion of charges. [Induction DEMO!] (and verse visa…)
• Magnetic Fields are caused by moving electric charges. [Current-bearing wire DEMO!]
• [Electromagnet]
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Recall Angular Momentum?(Before we get carried away with all this Magnetism
nonsense…)
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Recall Angular Momentum?(Before we get carried away with all this Magnetism
nonsense…)• Spinning wheel/Hoberman/ShopVac DEMO thingee?–Why?• ‘L’ must be conserved.• You feel a ‘tug’ in the opposing direction.• You spin in the opposite direction
• Magnetic Moment is analogous!
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mrvLr
vmrIL
2
2
2
22
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
mvKE
r
vmrKE
IKE
ROT
ROT
ROT
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Another vicious Right-Hand Rule…
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• Most atoms have single electrons or paired electrons that ‘spin’ in opposite directions.• This ‘cancels’ any effective magnetic field.
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• Sorta like a wheel rotating in BOTH directions at once…• Helicopter…
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• However, some – like iron, cobalt, nickel – have paired electrons that spin in the same direction. NOTE: LEFT HND e-…• Thus, adding magnetic “strengths”.
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Angular MomentumL=I
Magnetic MomentIA
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Ferromagnetic Elements
• Strongly attracted in magnetic fields– Fe– Ni– Co– Gadolinium (#64)– Dysprosium (#66)– Holmium (#67; strongest of all…)
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Paramagnetic Elements
• Weakly attracted in magnetic fields– Platinum– Al– O
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Diamagnetic Elements
• Weakly repelled by BOTH poles– C– Cu– H2O (I know, not an element, but…)
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Magnetic Field?
• Sorta the same as E Fields–Area around an electric charge where
another charge feels a force.• E=F/Q
• Mag Field–Area around a magnet where another
magnet, paramagnet, or diamagnet feels a force. • Math is weirder…
MB
H oo
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Mini-LABMapping a Field
3-D Field DEMO
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Mag Field around a wire
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Mag Field around a loop
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Radius of charge in B
Why? Lentz, that’s why!
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E vs B Fields
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Lorentz Force Law
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Ugly RT Hand Rule
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Current in B
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Mass Spec
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Misc Demos
• Lentz Law• Spinny Thingee• TV Destruction• Lifter Magnet• Magnetic Levitation–Biggee & Cutie
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Misc Demos
• Plasma Globe –With Fluorescent Tube! DANGER!
• Plasma Disc• Generator flashlights• Incandescent Bulb w/magnet• Conservation of L Disc–Volunteer!
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MAFF…
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MAFF…
sinF IlB Force on electric current in magnetic field…
Ex 20-1 p512
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MAFF…
sinF qvB Force on moving charge in magnetic field…
Ex 20-3 p514
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MAFF…
2
F ma qvB
mvqvB
rmv
rqB
Example 20-4 p514
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MAFF…
2o
IB
rI
Br
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Aurora Thingee
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Aurora Thingee
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Aurora Thingee
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Aurora e- levels
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Ahh, But!!!!
In reality…
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N
S
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Earth’s Magnetic Field??What science tells us?
+5000 yrs
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Earth’s Magnetic Field??What science tells us?
+10,000 yrs
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Earth’s Magnetic Field??What science tells us?
+20,000 yrs
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Magnetic File Cabinet DEMO?
Lodestone!
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Core #’s• Inner Radius = 1200 km• Outer Radius = 3470 km• Tboth = 24 hrs
• Massinner= 0.02 Mearth
• Massouter = 0.31Mearth
– Find Kerot of core!
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Jx
daymxkgx
mr
IKRot
32
22624
22
2
105
1
21047.310633.
5
1
5
2
2
12
1
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5x1032J Analogies?
• About the amount of energy the entire Sun emits in 100 seconds. That's a whole lot of energy.
• If it doesn't sound like much, let's convert it to megatons: it's the equivalent energy of five trillion one megaton bombs
5,000,000,000,000 MILLION TONS TNT!going off at once. That is comfortably more than
the entire arsenal of the planet. – In fact, it's about 500 million times the explosive energy
of every single nuclear weapon* on the Earth.• *That we know of…
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So, why were we here?
•We learned –Magnetism is created by moving
charges• Analogous to Angular Momentum
–Conversely, a changing magnetic field creates a current.• Electric generators
– The earth is the largest magnet around?– Fruit and small animals can levitate?
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So, why were we here?
•We learned –Not all magnetic fields are nice and pretty–Magnetic properties of an object are dictated by it’s domains.–Not everyone knows the $100 answers!