What are the different ways of separating mixtures?

• Magnetism

• Hand separation

• Filtration

• Sifting or sieving

• Extraction and evaporation

• Chromatography

Adsorption, adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules of gas,

liquid, or dissolved solids to a surface

Centrifugation and cyclonic separation, separates based

on density differences

Chromatography separates dissolved substances by

different interaction with (i.e., travel through) a material

Crystallization

Decantation

Demister (vapor), removes liquid droplets from gas

streams

Distillation, used for mixtures of liquids with different

boiling points

Drying, removes liquid from a solid by vaporisation

Electrophoresis, separates organic molecules based on

their different interaction with a gel under an electric

potential (i.e., different travel)

Elutriation

Extraction

Leaching

Liquid-liquid extraction

Solid phase extraction

Flotation

Dissolved air flotation, removes suspended solids non-

selectively from slurry by bubbles that are generated by

air coming out of solution

Froth flotation, recovers valuable, hydrophobic solids

by attachment to air bubbles generated by mechanical

agitation of an air-slurry mixture, which float, and are

recovered

Deinking, separating hydrophobic ink particles from

hydrophilic paper pulp in paper recycling

Flocculation, separates a solid from a liquid in a colloid, by use of a flocculant, which

promotes the solid clumping into flocs

Filtration, Mesh, bag and paper filters are used to remove large particulates suspended

in fluids (e.g., fly ash) while membrane processes including microfiltration, ultrafiltration,

nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, dialysis (biochemistry) utilising synthetic membranes,

separates micrometre-sized or smaller species

Fractional distillation

Fractional freezing

Oil-water separation, gravimetrically separates suspended oil droplets from waste water

in oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and

similar industries

Magnetic separation

Precipitation

Recrystallization

Sedimentation, separates using vocal density pressure differences

Gravity separation

Sieving

Stripping

Sublimation

Vapor-liquid separation, separates by gravity, based on the Souders-Brown equation

Winnowing

Zone refining

INTRODUCTION

# Magnetic separation is a process in whichmagnetically susceptible material isextracted from a mixture using a magneticforce.

# Since 19th century magnetic separationprocesses have been used to concentrate andseparate minerals.

INTRODUCTION

# By combining the different forces of magnets withgravitational or frictional forces a separation ofmineral particle is possible. Two or more productsare obtained depending on their commercialvalue, these products are concentrates, middlings,or tailings.

# Ferromagnetism, paramagnetism anddiamagnetism are the three important properties ofthe minerals which is used for Magnetic separation.

APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM AS SEPARATOR

Basically Magnetism is used for five distinct type of separation :

1. For the removal of tramp iron in coarse and intermediate- crushing circuits, as a protection to the crushing machinery.

2. For the concentration of magnetite ores.3. For the concentration of iron ore other than

magnetite, after preliminary conversion of ironminerals to artificial magnetite by suitableRoasting.

4. For the removal of small quantities of iron ore minerals from Ceramic raw materials.

5. For the concentration of slightly Paramagneticminerals such as those of Manganese,tungsten, chromium, tin, zinc, titanium, etc.

magnetic source• permanent

magnetic separator • electromagnetic

separator

strength of magnetic field • Weak magnetic

separator • Middle magnetic

separator• Strong magnetic

separator

materials • wet type magnetic

separator • dry type magnetic

separator

type of magnetic field • constant• pulsating • alternating

body shape• belt-type magnetic

separator• drum-type magnetic

separator• roll-type magnetic

separator• disc-type magnetic

separator• ring-type magnetic

separator• cage-type magnetic

separator• pulley-type

magnetic separator

Classification of Magnetic seperators

S

S

S

N

N

N

Magnetic

Feed

N

S

Nonmagnetic

dry separation

drum separator

Feed

Magnetic

permanent magnets

Nonmagnetic

Wet separatior

Magnetic separation

Magnetic

N

Nonmagnetic

Feed

S

Semiproduct

Drum with easy and

difficult to magnetise

discs (IIIIII)

Induction type separator

Magnetic Nonmagnetic

Semiproduct

Feed

Magnetic

Feed

Nonmagnetic

cross-belt separator

Kriostat

Magnet

Feed

Magnet

MagneticNonmagnetic

Supercoducting

Feed

N S

Cycle I

Filling

WaterCycle II

Magnetic

particles

Magnetic

particles

Nonmagnetic

particles

HGMS, peridical

HGMS, continueous

Feed

Feed

Nonmagnetic

Washing off

semiproduct

Separating

compartment

Washing off

magnetic

particles

Magnet coil

Magnet yoke

Magnetic seperation