Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets Purpose Background Equipment List Procedure Data Discussion...
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Transcript of Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets Purpose Background Equipment List Procedure Data Discussion...
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Magnetic Materials and
ElectromagnetsPurposeBackgroundEquipment ListProcedureDataDiscussionConclusion
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PurposeThe purpose of this experiment was
to investigate the magnetic properties of matter.
This investigation included evaluating the properties of various permanent magnets, as well as measuring the variations of an electromagnet as a function of coil current.
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Equipment List• Neodymium-Iron-Boron Disk Magnet• Ceramic Permanent Magnets• Cardboard Spacers• Cenco Electromagnet• Power Supply• Multimeter• F.W. Bell Guass/Tesla Meter
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Background information
• The beginning of Magnets• Domain Theory• Permanent Magnets• Electromagnets• Magnets as we know them in the
world today.
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Materials Commonly Used to Make
Permanent Magnets• Neodymium Iron Boron• NeoForm-B Bonded NdFeB• Samarium Cobalt• Alnico• Ceramic Ferrite
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Neodymium Iron Boron
• Became Available in mid-1980• most commonly Produced Magnet• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 26-28
MGOe’s• Maximum Operating Temperature is
1500 C• Less Brittle than other magnets• High resistance to Demagnetization
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Ceramic Ferrite Magnets
• Have been around since the mid 1950’s• Have a very Low relative cost• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 4 MGOe’s• Maximum Operating Temperature - is 3000
C• Moderate Resistance to Demagnetization• Small Cracks and Chips are common
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Convert Electrical Energy to Physical
Motion
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Convert Physical Motion to Electrical
Energy
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Produce Mechanical Energy
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Control, Shape or Direct an Object or
Substance
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Procedure• Measured the Gap Length for
Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets and for Ceramic Magnets
• Measured how the Flux density changed as a function of magnet volume.
• Measured the Flux Density as a function of current for an electromagnet
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Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeBMagnets
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Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeBMagnets
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Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
CeramicMagnets
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Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
CeramicMagnets
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Data - Electromagnet
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Current (Amps)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
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Discussion• Problems I encountered with the
experiment• Possible Sources of Error• Interpretation of Data• Possible Methods of Improving this
experiment for accuracy.• Other interesting Experiments that
could be done on this subject.
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeB
Ceramic
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
en
sity
(G
/T)
NdFeB
Ceramic
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Discussion• Problems I encountered with the
experiment• Possible Sources of Error• Interpretation of Data• Possible Methods of Improving this
experiment for accuracy.• Other interesting Experiments that
could be done on this subject.
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Conclusion• NdFeB magnets vs. Ceramic
Magnets• Electromagnets
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ReferencesHistory was provied by
The National Museum of Science and Technology at http://www.science-tech.nmstc.ca/engine.cfm?function=link&idx=1367&language=english#whatare
Information about magnets was provided by
Dexter Magnet Technologies at http://www.dextermag.com/