Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research at University of ...

Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research at University of Saskatchewan

C. Xiao and STOR-M teamPlasma Physics Laboratory

University of Saskatchewany f

Saskatoon, Canada

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OutlineOutline

What is a tokamak?Progresses in the worldT k k R h t U i it f Tokamak Research at University of

SaskatchewanNext stepPlan A: ST-40Plan B: STOR-U

Fusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 20172

Magnetic Confinement FusionMagnetic Confinement Fusion A charged particle circulates around the magnetic field lines

Cross‐fieldmotionisrestricted

3Fusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 2017

Chamber Wall

Tokamak Bend solenoid to form

closed magnetic field linesg

circular field line

without ends

no end-loss.

Transformer action d h i produces a huge current in

the chamber

Current heats the C

plasma Tokamak: abbreviation of Russian words for toroidal magnetic chamber

4 Fusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 2017

1994:1994:TFTR in USA used D-T fuel to produce 10 MW fusion

Picture credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor#/media/File:TFTR_1989.jpg

1997:d dJET (UK) produced 16 MW

Fusion Power for 22 MW input powerp p

Picture credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_European_Torus#/media/File:JointEuropeanTorus external


Torus#/media/File:JointEuropeanTorus_external.jpg

International Thermonuclear E i t l R t (ITER)Experimental Reactor (ITER) Will be the largest tokamak in the world

International collaboration with 7 partners China, EU, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, USA

C d i f i Canada is not part of it

Cadarache, southern France

Start operation in about 7 years Start operation in about 7 years

Demonstrate net power gain

Cost >$20b


Cost $20b

a = 2.0 mR = 6.2 mPower:500 MW fusion500 MW fusion73 MW heating

Weight >23,000 Tonnes

H iFusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 20178

Human sizehttps://www.iter.org/

ITER is making concrete d l d and solid progresses


https://www.iter.org/

htt // it /



Fusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 201712https://www.iter.org/

Fast progress vs Moore’s LawFast progress vs. Moore’s Law


Tokamak at UofSTokamak at UofS Tokamak Research at the University of Saskatchewan Lab established in 1959 by Prof. H. Skarsgard First Canadian tokamak STOR-1M (early 1980s, A

Hirose)

STOR-M (built in 1987,A. Hirose), now only tokamak in Canada

Compact torus injector added (Mid 90s, C. Xiao)(Larger TdeV tokamak program in Quebec was terminated in mid 1990s)


Professors with PPLProfessors with PPL

L. CouedleM. Bradley C. XiaoA. Smolyakov

A HiroseH Skarsgard A. HiroseProf. Emeritus

H. SkarsgardProf. Emeritus


STOR-M Tokamak

Construction started in 1984Co st uct o sta te 984Operational since 1987Still active as the only tokamak in Canada



USCTI connected to STO

CT t ti d f lli gCT t ti d f lli gCT penetration and fuellingCT penetration and fuelling

High density, high velocity and small CT to fuel the tokamak core directly


y

Tokamak Research at UofSTokamak Research at UofS TraininggTrained a large number of students, PDFs, RAsMaintained Canadian expertise in magnetic p g

confinement fusion researchA respected member in research using small A respected member in research using small

tokamakso Member of IAEA-CRP-Research using small fusion o Member of IAEA CRP Research using small fusion

deviceso Hosted 2015 IAEA joint experiment on STOR-Mj p


Innovative contributions (examples)Innovative contributions (examples)

AC operationpConceived and tested on STOR-1M (~1 kA)

and STOR-M (10 kA) for 1.5 cycles. ( ) . y .Followed by JET (1 MA), and HT-7 (continuous)

CT injectionCT injectionFuelling technology development10 Hz repetitive operation (world record)Working for 50 Hz (needed for ITER fuelling)


Next step proposed in Fusion 2030Next step proposed in Fusion 2030

Plan A: New for us

Plan B: Brand new


Plan A: ST-40$25M it l t $2 5M/ ti$25M capital cost, $2.5M/yr operation a prototype machine with full of new ideasyHigh temperature superconducting coilHigh magnetic field.g gBeing built at Tokamak Energy Ltd., UK as their

prototype machineprototype machine

Negotiable for transfer to UofS H t t d di i i A 2015Have started discussions since Aug. 2015.


• High toroidal field up to 3T,LN2 cooled copper magnetmagnet

• Plasma major radius 0.4 -0.6m,R/a = 1.6 -1.8

• Moderate elongation (k ~ • Moderate elongation (k ~ 2.5) and triangularity (d~ 0.3), DNDPl 2MA

m/c coils

• Plasma current up to 2MA• Pulse duration 1-10 sec• 2MW NBI + EBW/ECRH

heating; Li conditioning• Possibility of DT ops• m/c plasma formation p f


Plan B: STOR-U$40 100M t b ilt $25M/ ti$40-100M to built, $25M/yr operationDesigned at UofS PPLgsimplified tokamak design: removal of central

solenoid and replacement with coaxial helicity injection will be tested.Quasi-steady state operation: AC operation will

b d dbe considered innovative technology development

Larger and higher parameters than the previous Canadian TdeV tokamak


Thank you!


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