MacRuby & HotCocoaTasty Apps for OS X

Thilo Utke 2009

OverviewAbout - Web developer - macruby - - Upstream - Alex - Web developer - WebApplications - doningtext - forex-metal - In business for a while - bootstrap - Paper-C - fast - rails - ruby - reliable - testing - rspec - cucumber - ruby - reliable - macs - ruby - rails - text mate - fast - plugins - gems - tools - interesting techs - iphone - mac - tools - Objective-C - features like ruby - smalltalk - more code - Hello World Example - not so fast - unlike ruby - dropped it - heard about macruby 0.3 relase - on top of Obj-C - get curious - less code - on Mac - with Cocoa - major API - Desktop Applications - More like ruby - liked it - Its from Apple! - from - RubyWrapper for NSObject 2001 - Integration with ProjectBuilder (IB 2002) - 2006 Laurent Sansonetti - 10.5 shipped with OS X - 2008 MacRuby shall replace RubyCocoa - RubyCocoa is a scripting Bridge - Syntactic Sugar - Syntax Mismatch - 2 Object Graphs - Green Threads vs. native Threads - Ruby 1.8 and ObjectiveC - Standard Libs Broken - Slow!!! - Mismatch like String != NSString => more Code - Picture - Ruby first Class Citizen - MacRuby - Ruby 1.9 - Native Threads - Matches better with Obj Syntax - Faster - Tighter Integration with Obj-C - Share Base classes - Share Infrastructure - GC - MacRuby 0.5 - the best Ruby for Mac - In Development - NO GLI - Share IO - On top of LLVM - Doing optimizations - Calls Obj-C - class/methods/obj all Obj C - show Methods - No more libffi but uses a new C-dispatcher - Picture! - Show Mixing MacRuby with ObjC - Compiles Code JIT - soon AOT - other Platforms - iPhone? - IB integration! - Framework - main_rm - Outlet - Action - Delegates - Like ActiveRecord Callbacks - but fixed names - you tell who handle it - first responder - Delegate for Application - Show Random Number Gen with IB - Code Obj-C/MacRuby-

All the things I’d like to talk about.

OutlineIntro

Objective-C Encounter

Apple - Ruby

RubyCocoa

MacRuby 0.5

MacRuby <-> Obj-C

Interface Builder Integration

Back to Code with HotCocoa

Impact

I’m a WebDeveloper.

UPSTREAM

My Company

Alexander Lang, also Founder and Owner of Upstream

Wrote CouchPotato. Talks about Ruby Libs for CouchDB

We did Community, Productivity, Finance and Educational Websites. Our own product is doingText.com

Rails enabled us to build WebApps really fast.

Text

I love Ruby!

To be fast and deliver reliable applications, we build software with test first.

New libraries, gems and technics keep WebDevelopment interesting.

Boring!!!!

www.flickr.com/photos/ipom

Still I get bored easily, so I play with new technologies.

Thats why I have an iPhone.

That’s why Alex has an iPhone.

That’s why we play with couchDB.

That’s why I thought Obj-C might be interesting.

Obj-CRuby

SmallTalk

Ruby and Obj-C have a common ancestry.

Obj-CRuby

Reflective

Dynamic

Garbage Collection

Object Oriented

Characteristics they have in common.

Obj-CRuby

Closures

FFI, C-Ext C-SuperSet

methodname(1,2) method: 1 name:2

Interpreter Compiler

Things that differ.

Grabbed this book to start with Obj-C.

First Objective-C App@interface Foo : NSObject{ IBOutlet NSTextField *textField;}

- (IBAction)gerneate:(id)sender;- (IBAction)seed:(id)sender;@end

@impelemtation Foo

- (IBAction)generate:(id)sender{ int generated = (random() % 100) +1; [textField setIntValue:generated];}

- (IBAction)seed:(id)sender{ srandom(time(NULL)); [textField setStringValue:@"Generator seeded"];}

My first Obj-C code with header files, types, many braces and semicolons.

o_0Felt like back in C programming class. Thrown Obj-C away.Yes, Ruby spoiled me.

MacRuby 0.3

Heard about MacRuby with the 0.3 release.

First Objective-C Appclass Foo attr_writer :text_field def seed(sender) @text_field.StringValue = "Generator doesn't need to be seeded ;)" end def generate(sender) @text_field.StringValue = (rand(100) + 1) endend

Same Obj-C Tutorial App with MacRuby.

\0_0/Header files, types, braces, and semicolons are gone. Much less code. Yeah!

It is from Apple!

Apple wants Ruby to be a

first class citizen

on OS X

Where that comes from.

2001

Ruby extension for NSObject

and NSClassFromString function

by Hisakuni Fujimoto

2002

RubyCocoa Project

Ruby 1.6.7 on OS X 10.2

2005

Ruby 1.8.2 on OS X 10.4

For a long time nothing happened.

2006

Laurent Sansonetti from Apple joined RubyCocoa

Things started to move.

2007

Ruby 1.8.6, Rails, RubyGems

and RubyCocoa

on OSX 10.5

Big move

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

RubyCocoa Architecture

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

Use Objects from Obj-C in Ruby and vice versa

Syntax matching

[Class initWith:(type) p1 other:(type) p2]

Class.initWith_other(p1, p2)

Extending/Inheriting/Overwriting

Access to C-Structs

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

Messaging between Obj-C and Ruby is slow!

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

Two Object Spaces

"Hi" != @"Hi"

Green Threads vs. Native Threads

RubyCocoa can run only on the MainThread.Ruby needs patching to allow to work with the Obj-C runtime.

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

Duplicated infrastructure

RubyCocoa

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

Obj-C

IO

Frameworks

GC

MRI 1.8

Ruby Code GC

Std LibApp

Bridge

Duplicated libraries

Ruby’s causing hang ups

Thanks to RubyCocoa for some cool apps, like GitNub.

2008

MacRuby

shall replace RubyCocoa

in the future

The appearance of MacRuby

2009

MacRuby gets popular

Ruby 1.8.7, Rails 2.3, RubyGems

and RubyCocoa

on OSX 10.6

Community starts to grow.Gets buzz, because it for example faster than YARV.Appears more in screencasts/conferences.

Apple Stayes true to ruby

MacRuby 0.5

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

LLVMJIT/AOT

Ruby Code

GC

Obj-C

Std LibApp

IO

Frameworks

MacRuby architecture

MacRuby 0.5

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

LLVMJIT/AOT

Ruby Code

GC

Obj-C

Std LibApp

IO

Frameworks

Object => NSObject

RubySpecific extensions

Same Primitives

./miniruby -e 'p Array.new.methods(true, true)'

[:"sortUsingFunction:context:", :"exchangeObjectAtIndex:withObjectAtIndex:", :removeAllObjects, :"getObjects:range:", :"containsObject:inRange:", :removeObjectsInRange, :removeObjectAtIndex, :removeLastObject, :"replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:", :"insertObject:atIndex:", :addObject, :"countByEnumeratingWithState:objects:count:", :objectAtIndex, :count, :mutableCopyWithZone, :copyWithZone, :classForCoder, :finalize, :hash, :isEqual, :sortUsingDescriptors, :filterUsingPredicate, :initWithContentsOfURL, :initWithContentsOfFile, :sortUsingSelector, :"removeObjectsFromIndices:numIndices:", :removeObjectsAtIndexes, :"replaceObjectsAtIndexes:withObjects:", :"insertObjects:atIndexes:", :"sortUsingFunction:context:range:", :"initWithObjects:count:", :initWithCapacity, :removeObjectsInArray, :"removeObjectIdenticalTo:inRange:", :removeObjectIdenticalTo, :"removeObject:inRange:", :removeObject, :"removeObject:range:identical:", :setArray, :"setObject:atIndex:", :addObjectsFromArray, :"replaceObjectsI

With the extra second argument set on true, you can see the Obj-C methods.

MacRuby 0.5

Obj-C Runtime

LLVM

LLVMJIT/AOT

Ruby Code

GC

GCC

Std LibApp

IO

Frameworks

Generate Obj-C calls for Ruby code

Intermediate Representation (IR)

Optimization

JIT compiler to execute code

~ 3 x faster than YARV

AOT compiler very soon

LLVM = Low Level Virtual Machine

MacRuby 0.5

Obj-C Runtime

LLVM

LLVMJIT/AOT

Ruby Code

GC

GCC

Std LibApp

IO

Frameworks

Generate Obj-C calls for Ruby code

Intermediate Representation (IR)

Optimization

JIT compiler to execute code

~ 3 x faster than YARV

AOT compiler very soon

AOT Compiler might allow to build for the iPhone. The garbage collection is still an open question.

VM_DUMP_IR=1 ./miniruby -e 'p "Hello RailsWayCon!"'

"Hello RailsWayCon!"IR dump ----------------------------------------------; ModuleID = 'Roxor'

define i64 @0(i64 %self, i8* %sel) {MainBlock: %0 = tail call i64 (i8*, i64, i8*, i8*, i8, i32, ...)* @rb_vm_dispatch(i8* inttoptr (i64 4309091648 to i8*), i64 %self, i8* inttoptr (i64 4308940784 to i8*), i8* null, i8 0, i32 1, i64 34360384192) ; <i64> [#uses=1] ret i64 %0}

declare i64 @rb_vm_dispatch(i8*, i64, i8*, i8*, i8, i32, ...)------------------------------------------------------

How the IR in LLVM looks?

MacRuby 0.5

Obj-C Runtime

GCC

LLVMJIT/AOT

Ruby Code

GC

Obj-C

Std LibApp

IO

Frameworks

One runtime

One object space

Shared infrastructure

Multithreaded

No GIL is needed.

MacRuby 0.5

MacRuby is not fully functional yet.Not installable around 85% RubySpecs passes.You can play with miniruby.

MacRuby 0.4

“Stable” version

Using Frameworks#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

framework 'Cocoa'  

Require a framework

Calling Obj-C Methods[dog makeNoise:@”wuff” level:6];

dog.makeNoise “wuff”, level:6

dog.makeNoise “wuff”, :level => 6  

Defining Methods for Obj-C- (id) makeNoise:(NSString)noise level:(NSInteger)level;

def makeNoise(noise, level:level) 

Using StructsNSPoint(0,1)

NSpoint.new(0,1) 

PointerNSError* error;

//MacRuby 0.4error = Pointer.new_with_type('@')

//MacRuby 0.5error = Pointer.new(:object)

 

Pointers are often used as a means for output parameters, mostly for error handling.

alloc & init

[[NSMutableArray alloc] init]

Array.alloc.init == Array.new

Array.alloc.initWithArray([1])==Array.arrayWithArray([1])

Use Ruby from Objective-C//Possibleid dog = [NSClassFromString(@"Dog") new];[dog bark]

//Saferid dog = [[MacRuby sharedRuntime] evaluateString:@"Dog.new"];[dog performRubySelector: @selector(bark:)];

Ruby Parameters are always objects, careful when passing primitives!

XCode

MacRuby is supported in XCode.

Interface Builder

Also support by Interface Builder

Read this book to learn more about Interface Builder and XCode.

Interface Builder

Wire the GUI to your code.

OUTLETS

References to GUI elements

attr_writer :stalutation

attr_accessor :user_input

ACTIONS

Methods, which are supposed to be called on UI events.

def showSalutation(sender) @stalutation.stringValue = "Hi RailsWayCon!" end

Delegates

Specific to Ruby Cocoa and other frameworks.

def applicationDidFinishLoading(message) // do somehting here end

I am your delegate

Answer my Emails!

Alternative explanation: ActiveRecord callbacks with fixed names defined in another object.

With InterfaceBuilder you get very much, very fast, with very little code but rather static.Good for small Apps, prototypes, App parts.

More control, understanding, flexibility.

Hello World MacRubyframework 'Cocoa'  app = NSApplication.sharedApplication window = NSWindow.alloc.initWithContentRect([0,0,200,60],   styleMask:NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask ,  backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered,  defer:false) window.title = 'Hello World' label = NSTextField.alloc.initWithFrame(NSZeroRect)window.contentView.addSubview(label)label.stringValue = "Hello RailsWayCon!"label.setEditable(false)label.setSelectable(false)label.setBezeled(false)label.setDrawsBackground(false)label.sizeToFitlabel.frameOrigin = NSMakePoint((window.contentView.frameSize.width / 2) - (label.frameSize.width / 2)),   (window.contentView.frameSize.height / 3))window.displaywindow.orderFrontRegardless app.run

No InterfaceBuilder -> lots of code

by: http://www.flickr.com/photos/myphotourl

HotCocoa. Not only a tasty drink but a smart Lib shipped with MacRuby.

HotCocoa

Ruby Wrapper for major frameworks

AppKit

WebKit

QtKit

CoreGraphics

CoreImage

HotCocoa

Constructors with smart defaults

Constants mapped to Symbols

Custom methods

Easy delegation

Constructors- Building the instances of the mapped classes using the correct class-specific APIs Smart Defaults - Default constructor parameters to minimize the needed parametersConstant Mapping - Use of Ruby symbols to minimize the text and incr. readabilityCustom Methods- Ruby-friendly API for commonly used methodsDelegate Methods - Ruby-friendly methods for delegating instances

Hello World HotCocoarequire 'hotcocoa'include HotCocoa application do  window = window(title: 'Hello World', frame: [0,0,200,60])  label = label(text:'Hello RailsWayCon!', layout: {align::center})   window << labelend

Same App done with MacRuby.

\0_0/

Constructors with Smart Defaults

NSWindow.alloc.initWithContentRect([0,0,200,60], styleMask:NSTitledWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask ,  backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered,   defer:false)

window(title: 'Hello World', frame: [0,0,200,60]) 

Constant Mappings

button.setBezelStyle(NSRoundedBezelStyle)

button.bezel = :rounded  

Custom Methods

window.contentView.addSubview(label)

window << label  

Delegate

button.target = selfbutton.action = 'sayHello'def sayHello p 'Hello!'end

botton.on_action {p 'Hello!'} 

HotCoco Documentation

Soon

see /hotcocoa/mappings

HotConsole at gitHub to play arround

Lot of work to do to understand all available OS X frameworks.

So What?

The implications of MacRuby

Movement

?

Better Tool Support

!= Apple | XCode | InterfaceBuilder

HotCocoa, Rucola (App. Gen.)

HotConsole

Mature Testing Libraries

TestUnit (working)

Mocha (working)

Rspec

Shoulda

Cucumber (GUI manipulation?)

More applications for MAC!

Thanks

Start: macruby.org

Help: MacRuby-devel on MacOSForge

Twitter: @MacRuby

Thilo Utke 2009 for RailsWayConUpstream-Agile GmbH (upstream-berlin.com)