Macromolecules

What is a molecule?A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bondsEx: H2O, Glucose, CH3, Cyclohexane

What is a macromolecule?A very large molecule made up of repeating molecules or subunits (monomers) linked (polymerized) together to make a polymer.

What are the 4 major macromolecules that make up all cells?

Carbohydrates

Nucleic AcidsProteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates - sugarsCarbohydrates are made up of monomers call monosaccharide (one sugar)

carbo-: sounds like carbon-hydrate: means something combined with water

General formula for carbohydrates: CnH2nOn

Carbohydrates - sugarsCarbohydrates are made by a dehydration reaction

1 monosaccharide + 1 monosaccharide 1 disaccharide + 1 H2O

Polysaccharide sugars- made of 100’s to 1000’s of glucose (a type of monosaccharide) monomer units linked by dehydration reactions

ex: starch Function of a carbohydrate is usually to be an energy source for cells

Lipids - FatsLipids are made of a monomer of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride)

Not Really a Polymer!!

ProteinsProteins are made of a monomer of amino acids

The R-group makes each amino acid different

Proteins Amino acids are linked together by a dehydration

reaction

A long chain of amino acids linked together is called a polypeptide chain or polypeptide

When a polypeptide chain folds together it makes protein.

Proteins perform the cells functions and gives a cell structure

Proteins

Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNANucleic acids are made of monomers called

nucleotidesNucleotides link together by dehydration reactions

Each Nucleotide has 3 main parts

Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNA