MacromoleculesCarbohydrates

We’re livin’ the sweet life!

The Role of Carbon

• Carbon atoms bond with other carbon atoms to form covalent bonds.

• When carbon bonds by sharing 1 electron it is a single bond

The Role of Carbon

• When carbon bonds by sharing 2 electrons it forms a double bond

The Role of Carbon

• When carbon atoms bond by sharing 3 electrons, it is a triple bond

The Role of Carbon

• Carbons can bond together to form long chains

The Role of Carbon

• Branched chains

The Role of Carbon

• Ring Structures

Carbohydrate• The name

"carbohydrate" tells you about the elements found in these macromolecules.

• "Carbo" refers to carbon,

• "hydrate" refers to water,

• The three major types of atoms in carbohydrates are C, H, O. ( C H 2 O )

Carbohydrate

• Simple sugars are the building blocks of carbohydrates.

• As a rule, carbohydrates end in the letters “ose”.

• Examples: glucose, fructose, and lactose

Carbohydrate

• Simple sugars are used as sources of energy for almost all organisms.

Carbohydrate

• Simple sugars composed of one sugar are called monosaccarides

• Simple sugars made of two sugars are called disaccarides.

Fructose

Sucrose

Carbohydrate• Through synthesis reactions, many simple sugars can bond together to build complex carbohydrates.

• These are called polysacharides

• Examples are starch (food storage in plants), glycogen (food storage in mammals) and plant cellulose (component of plant cell walls)

Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate

• Benedict’s solution can be used to detect the presence of simple sugars in solution

• The solution changes from blue to orange

Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate

• Iodine is used to test for the presence of complex carbohydrates or starch

• It will turn bluish-black in the presence of starch