Machinery for Processing and Value Addition of Small Millets · project “INSIMP” to increase...
Transcript of Machinery for Processing and Value Addition of Small Millets · project “INSIMP” to increase...
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Dr V. PalanimuthuResearch Engineer & University Head
AICRP (PHET), GKVKUniversity of Agricultural Sciences
Bangalore - 560065
Invited Talk presented in
National Seminar (TNAU-DHAN)
on Sep 22, 2017
Machinery for Processing and Value Addition of
Small Millets
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Millets ClassificationMajor millets • Sorghum ( jowar)• Pearl millet (bajra)
Small (minor) millets • Finger millet (ragi) (Eleusine coracana),• Foxtail millet (Setaria italica)• Little millet (Panicum miliare Lamk.)• Proso millet (Panicum milliaceam)• Barnyard millet (Echichola frumentacra Link)• Kodo millet (Paspalum scobiculatum)• Brown-Top Millet (
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KodoBarnyard Foxtail Proso Little
Small MilletsRagi
Popular VarietiesRagi : Indaf Series , GPU 28, GPU 26, MR 1, MR 911, etc, all from UAS(B)
Other millets : Information can be obtained from Project Coordinator (Millets), GKVK, UAS(B)
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Introduction Total area under millets 23-24 million hectares (Mha),
small millets are cultivated in about 3.5 Mha which include 2 Mha under ragi and 1.5 Mha under other small millets (little, foxtail, kodo, proso and banyard millets)
Small millets are grown in different states of India; Total production - 1.78 Mt; Indian Govt. has initiated huge project “INSIMP” to increase the area
Centre of Excellence on Millets created @ UAS(B) with funding from GoI to promote processing & value addition
Small millets are considered as nutri-cereals because of their low glycemic index, high fibre content, etc
Many health benefits if consumed – lesser incidence of cardio-vascular disease, dueodinal ulcer, diabetic friendly
Consumed by rural and tribal people as traditional foods
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Post-Harvest Technologies
Primary PH Operations
Secondary PH Operations
Post-Harvest Processing of Millets
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Primary Post-Harvest Operations
Unit operations carried out on the grains at producers’ level or in the vicinity of farm which improves grain quality / transforms the grain into more useful form
Cleaning DehullingSorting Polishing / PearlingGrading Size reduction /GrindingDrying Storage
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Secondary Post-Harvest OperationsUnit operations that are carried out on grains either directly or after primary processing, that transform the grain into products generally for direct consumption.
They are done usually away from farm either in unorganized or in organized sectors.
Puffing BakingMilling Flaking
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Importance of Primary Processing
Cost of ragi at village level = Rs. 1100/qtl
Cleaning/pearling loss = 5 kgCleaned ragi = 95 kgCost of pearling = Rs. 25/qtlTransportation & handling = Rs. 50/qtl.
Total Cost / Qtl. = Rs. 1175Revenue = 95 x 15 = Rs. 1425Profit by primary processing = 1425 - 1175 = Rs. 250In terms of investment = 250 / 1175 x100 = 21.28%Profit from crop production = -ve (for ragi)
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PRIMARY PROCESSING MACHINERY FOR MILLETSGrain Pre-Cleaners
Destoner – Grain Cleaner
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SCREENINGIt is the method of separating grain / seed into two or more fractions according to the size alone using screens or sieves.
Factors Affecting Screening Operation• Screen aperture size / shape / arrangement• Effective opening area• Screen motion• Feeding arrangement• Sieve arrangement• Type of product • Type of screen
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SCREENS
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INDIAN STANDARD SIEVES
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PRIMARY PROCESSING MACHINERY FOR MILLETSRagi PearlerJowar Polisher
Millet Rice Polisher
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PRIMARY PROCESSING MACHINERY FOR MILLETSFlour Mills
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Dehulling Machinery for Small Millets
Kodo Dehuller Foxtail / Little/ Proso Dehuller
Foxtail / Little/ Proso Dehuller
All Millets
Victor Machines, Salem
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Dehulling Machinery for Small Millets
Kodo Dehuller Foxtail / Little/ Proso Dehuller
Foxtail / Little/ Proso Dehuller
All Millets
Victor Machines, Salem
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Dehulling Machinery for Small Millets
Multi Millet Dehuller / Polisher
Kodo / Barnyard Dehuller
Double Stage Dehuller
AVM Engineering Works, Salem
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Dehulling Machinery for Small Millets
TNAU Multi Millet Double Stage Dehuller
Bhavani Millet Dehuller, Mysuru
ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal Multi Millet Dehuller
Borne Technologies, CBE
ICAR-CIPHET, Ludhiana Millet Mill
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PROCESSING MACHINERY FOR MILLETS
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High Capacity Grain Cleaners
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Specific Gravity Separator
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Rotary Reel Separator
Rotary sieves
Vibratory Grader
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Auxillary Systems for Cleaning / Grading
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PlansiftersFlour Sifter
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COLOUR SORTER
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Millets Product Processing Machinery
Twin Screw Extruder Machine
Foxtail Kurkure Kurkure+ Masala
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Millets Product Processing Machinery
Pasta Machine
Grain Roaster Flaking Machine
FFS Packaging MachineFood Blender
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Millets Product Processing Machinery
Biscuit MachineRoti Machine
Grain RoasterEdge Runner
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Thank You
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Performance Evaluation of Different Dehusking Machines for Kodo Millet
To evaluate four different machines namely, burr mill, rubber roll sheller, Victor millet mill model-I and Victor millet mill model- II for dehullingraw kodo millet
To study milling characteristics of kodo millet at different moisture contents
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Material & Methods
Four machines used for dehusking – Burr mill, Rubber roll sheller, Victor millet mill model-
I and Victor millet mill model- IIKodo millet at three different initial moisture
contents used – 9.0, 9.5 & 10.0 % (wb)Milling characteristics studied were: Dehusking characteristics Milling recovery Head rice yield Brokens yield
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Burr Mill Rubber Roll Sheller
Victor millet mill: Model-II
Victor millet mill : Model-I
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Milling Characteristics
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Milling Characteristics
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Milling Characteristics
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Milling Characteristics
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ConclusionAmong the four different dehulling
equipments namely, burr mill, Victor milletmill model-I, Victor millet mill model-II andrubber roll sheller that were tested for hullingkodo millet, the Victor millet mill model -IIwas found to be best based on dehuskingefficiency, milling recovery, head rice yieldand broken yield