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SPRINGS

A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are

usually made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-

hardened stoc! while larger ones are made from annealed steel andhardened after fabrication. Some non-ferrous metals are also used

including phosphor bron"e and titanium for parts re#uiring corrosion

resistance and beryllium copper for springs carrying electrical current

$because of its low electrical resistance%.

&'ASSI(I&A)I*N +AS, *N How the load is applied

Based on the shape

Based on the use

Compression springs:are made of an elastic wire material formedinto the shapeof a heli/ $which is why they are also called helical

springs%! which returns to its natural length when unloaded. &ompression

springs can be commonly referred to as a coil spring or a helical spring.

&oil springs are a mechanical de0ice which is typically used to store

energy and subse#uently release it to absorb shoc! or to maintain a force

between contacting surfaces.

Torsion springs:are helical wound springs made to generaterotational and torsional forces. A torsion spring applies force through a

twisting motion to mo0e or return a part or component. In particular! the

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more one twists the spring! the more force it taes to twist it further. 1ith

double torsion springs one can ha0e clocwise and counterclocwise

rotational forces in one spring

Extension springs:commonly called tension springs! arehelically wound coils! wrapped tightly together to create tension.

,/tension springs usually ha0e hoos! loops! or end coils that are pulled

out and formed from each end of the body. )he function of a tension

spring is to pro0ide e/tended force when the spring is pulled apart from its

original leng

Conical Compression springsare similar to compression springsand can be used for the same applications. )he ad0antage with conical

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springs howe0er! is that the coils can telescope into each other for a

shorter coil bind height..

Barrel springs are speciali"ed 0arieties of the con0entional helicalcompression spring. 2ariable diameters act in the same way as 0ariable

pitch to promote consecuti0e coiling closing.

Extended length coil springs are used as pipe cleaners. Pipe cleanersare e/tension springs without hoos. *n pipe cleaners! the coils are tightly

wound together to gi0e initial tension! and its long length allows it to mae

its way through the ma"e of the pipe it is unclogging. )he e/tension spring

is turned clocwise so that it acts lie a screw threading itself into the clog.

*nce the pipe cleaner is imbedded into the mass it wors at tearing it

apart! thusunclogging the drain.

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Auto Coil Springs:A section of spring steel rod wound in a spiral

pattern or shape. &ar coil springs are widely used in both front and rearsuspension systems. )hese coils cushion and absorb the shocs and bumps

as the 0ehicle is dri0en.

Volute Spring:A 2olute spring is a compression spring in the form of acone $a 2olute%! designed so that under compression the coils are not

forced against each other! thus compressing the length maing it shorter.

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Power Spring:Power Springs pro0ide rotational energy from either thearbor or the case! or linear motion with the use of a pulley or cable. Power

springs are flat springs! meaning they are made of flat spring steel.

A cloc spring and &onstant (orce Springs offer high force output with

0ery small space re#uirements3 cloc springs pro0ide long linear reachwith minimal force buildup! and store power indefinitely when e/tended

Cantilever spring:is a flat spring supported at one end and holding aload at or near the other end

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Leaf springsare a suspension spring made up of se0eral thin! cur0ed!hardened-steel or composite-material plates attached at the ends to the

0ehicle underbody.