Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades

Machine Collaboration Possibilitieson

Fermilab Proton Driverand

Main Injector Intensity Upgrades

Bill Foster BNL/FNAL Meeting

Nov. 14, 2005

The Fork in the Road

IF ( ILC 2006 CDR looks affordable) THEN

– Push for ILC ~2010 construction start at Fermilab

– Proceed with 120 GeV Neutrino Program at >1 MW

ELSE

– Superconducting 8 GeV Proton Driver starting 2008

– 30-120 GeV and 8 GeV Beams at 2-4 MW

– Stepping-Stone to delayed ILC construction start ~2012

ENDIF

Pier Oddone’s presentation to EPP 2010:

Proton Driver Project Planning Currently Supports a 2008 Construction Start (FY09)

CD1 CD2 CD3

What is Not in Question

• Fermilab > 1 MW Neutrino Beams

– Using Upgrades + Recycler if fast-track ILC

– Using SCRF Proton Driver if ILC delayed

• The SCRF Proton Driver R&D Program

– Demonstration key cost-saving features of SCRF Proton

Driver Design, with beam, in next 1-2 years

Time Scales for Machine Collaboration

1. SCRF Linac Proton Driver Technical Design Report

June ’06 Lehman CD-1 Review

2. Proton Driver Front End Beam Tests (SMTF/Meson)

Summer 2006 - Beam through warm front end (RFQ commissioning)

Summer 2007 - Beam through multiple SRF cavities w/common Klystron

3. Fermilab Proton Plan & Near-Term Upgrades

Many possibilities in HLRF, LLRF, Collimation, Beam Stacking…

4. Proton Driver Construction Role?

Significant PED funds FY2008, line item funding 2009?

Cost estimate w/“SNS Rules” to support Multi-Lab collaboration

5. Experimental Beam lines, Specialized Extraction, etc. (8 GeV & 120 GeV)

Near Term Plans (Independent of ILC)

AGS Permanent Magnet Accumulator Ring(from early NuSB LoI)

Follow Gerry Jackson’s suggestion of using the Fermilab Recycler as Injection Accumulator for Main Injector intensity >600kW after ~2009.

Permanent MagnetAccumulator Ring

Permanent MagnetRecycler Ring

AGS Main Injector

Barrier Stacking in AGS and Recycler

FAST RECYCLER STACKING

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-52.5 -42 -31.5 -21 -10.5 0 10.5 21 31.5 42 52.5

Theta (Buckets)

En

erg

y O

ffse

t (M

eV)

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

AGS Barrier Stacking ~1999

Batch Compression Batch Expansion

Fast Recycler Stacking beam tests ~ 2003

Barrier Pulses + Linear Voltage Ramps

Main Injector RF Cavity Upgrades

Design Concept for RF cavity to support > 2 MW in Main InjectorYIG Ferrite Loaded TunersQ Negotiable via Cu platingBNL Collaboration on Prototype?

Existing Main Injector Cavities

Beam Power limited to ~1 MW

35 Years Old

LLRF & Damper Upgrades

Modern Digital LLRF

for AGS/Booster/RHIC FNAL Booster LLRF

Analog/NIM from 1970’s

OTHER NEAR-TERM POSSIBILITIES

• Impedance Measurements & Pallatives– Main Injector is ~7 yrs old– No Impedance Measurements Yet– Will key MI components need low-Z upgrades?

• Gamma-T Jump Systems– Main Injector– Booster

• Collimation– Main Injector (Momentum, & Betatron)– Recycler Stacking Collimators (Momentum & Betatron)

All these will be valuable independent of PD

8 GeV SCRF Proton Driver

New idea incorporating concepts from the ILC, SNS, RIA, TRASCO and APT.– Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac designs up to 1.3 GeV– Use “TESLA” Cryomodules from 1.3 - 8 GeV– H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector

“Super-Beams” in Fermilab Main Injector

– 2+ MW Beam power at BOTH 8 GeV and 120 GeV– Small linac emittances Small losses in Main Injector– Very simple operation of the accelerator complex– Minimum (1.5 sec) cycle time (eventually faster)– MI Beam Power Independent of Beam Energy

(flexible neutrino program)

8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory

~ 700m Active Length8 GeV Linac

X-RAY FEL LAB8 GeVneutrino

MainInjector@2 MW

Anti-Proton

SY-120Fixed-Target

Neutrino“Super- Beams”

NUMI

Off- Axis

& Long-Pulse Spallation Source

Neutrino Target

Neutrinosto “Homestake”

Short Baseline Detector Array

Target and Muon Cooling Channel

Bunching Ring

RecirculatingLinac for Neutrino Factory

VLHC at Fermilab

Damping Ringsfor TESLA @ FNALWith 8 GeV e+ Preacc.

1% LC Systems Test

30 GeVneutrino

The Baseline Missions:Super Beams in the Main Injector & ILC Test Bed

~ 700m Active Length8 GeV Linac

8 GeVneutrino

MainInjector@2 MW

SY-120Fixed-Target

Neutrino“Super- Beams”

NUMI

Off- Axis

1.5 % ILC Test Bed

120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Synchrotron

SYNCHROTRON INJECTIONMain Injector: 120 GeV, 0.56 Hz Cycle, 1.67 MW Beam Power

Surplus Protons: 8 GeV, 11.7 Hz Avg Rate, 0.39 MW Beam Power 8 GeV Synchrotron Cycles 2.5E13 per Pulse at 15Hz

Main Injector Energy

6 InjectionCycles

21 Extra8 GeV

Proton Cycles

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

Injection Cycles

8 GeV Proton Cycles

120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Linac, e- and P

Main Injector: 120 GeV, 0.67 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power

8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz


H-Injection

8 GeVProtons

8 GeVElectrons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

H- Injection

8 GeV Protons

Electrons

Linac Allows Reduced MI Beam Energy without Compromising Beam Power

MI cycles to 40 GeV at 2Hz, Retains 2 MW MI beam power

• # neutrino evts. ~ same vs. E

• Reduces tail at higher neutrino energies.

• Permits Flexible Neutrino Program

2MW @40 GeV

NOT SPECIFIED

FOR SYNCHROTRON

Main Injector: 40 GeV, 2.0 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.0 Hz Cycle, 0.8 MW Beam Power

8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz


H-Injection

8 GeVProtons

8 GeVElectrons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

H- Injection

8 GeV Protons

Electrons

Similarities Between BNL & FNAL Super-Beam Proposals

• Single Stage Superconducting Injector Linac Replacing Booster Synchrotron

• Linac Advantages:– Faster Cycle Time– Lower Uncontrolled Losses– Simplicity of Operation

• Upgrade paths >2 MW w/ linac injection • Lots of work needed in rest of complex to

keep pace with more powerful injector

Parameter Similarities BNL / FNAL

• Charge per pulse: 1E14 vs. 1.5E14

• Linac Rep Rate (upgrade)2.5 Hz(5 Hz) vs. 2.5 Hz(10 Hz)

• Number of Injection Turns240 vs. 270

• Linac Current (avg. in macro pulse)21 mA vs. 25 mA

Parameter Differences BNL / FNAL• Linac Energy

1.5 GeV vs. 8 GeV

• Stand-Alone Linac Power <100kW vs 0.52 MW (8 GeV physics prog.)

• Superconducting Transition400 MeV vs. 10 MeV

• SRF Technology Base (linac Frequency)SNS (805/1610) vs. ILC (325/1300)

Other Uses (beyond the Baseline)of the 8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver

• Using Recycler as 8 GeV Stretcher Ring

– Continuous 8 GeV Slow Extracted Beams

– Bursts of beam every 5-10 usec

• ILC Gradients: 8 GeV 12-15 GeV Linac

• Using Tevatron Tunnel for Stretcher Ring

– Continuous 120 GeV Slow Extracted Beams

8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver

• A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider

• Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos+)

• Multiple HEP Destinations & Off-Ramps

• A seed project for inter-lab SCRF Collaboration

• A seed project for Industrial Participation

50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, ~1.5% of LC

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

36 Cavites / Klystron

TESLA LINAC8 Klystrons288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules 1300 MHz β=1

β<1 TESLA LINAC

2 Klystrons96 Elliptical Cavities12 Cryomodules

1300 MHz 0.1-1.2 GeV

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

10 MWTESLA

Multi-BeamKlystrons48 Cavites / Klystron

β=.81

Modulator

β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81

8 Cavites / Cryomodule

0.5 MW Initial 8 GeV Linac11 Klystrons (2 types)449 Cavities 51 Cryomodules

“PULSED RIA”Front End Linac

325 MHz 0-110 MeV H- RFQ MEBT RTSR SSR DSR

Single3 MWJPARCKlystron

Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavityPhase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners

DSR

β=.47

Modulator

β=.47 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61

or… 325 MHz Spoke Resonators

Elliptical Option

Modulator

10 MWTESLA

Klystrons

April 7, 2004 G.W.Foster - SCRF Proton Driver

Cost Driver: Klystrons per GeV


8 GeV Superconducting LinacTECHNICAL SUBSYSTEM DESIGNS EXIST AND WORK

SNS β<1 Cavites FNAL/TTFModulators

“TTF Style” Cryomodules

CivilConst.Based

on FMI

TESLA RFDistribution * w/ phase shifters

The Building Block of the 8 GeV Linac

… is the TESLA RF Station:

• 1 Klystron• 1 Modulator • ~ 4 Cryomodules• 36 SCRF CAVITIES• ~1 GeV of Beam Energy

Proton Driver: 8 RF StationsLinear Collider: 500 RF Stations

G. W. Foster – HIF05Fermilab

Cold Technology Selection for the ILC

• Since the ITRP Selection of “cold” technology, we have standardized on ILC-compatible frequencies for the Proton Driver– 1300 MHz for back end of linac

– 325 MHz (=1300 MHz / 4) for front end linac

• We have begun to assemble a TESLA-like collaboration to develop a complete set of SCRF cavities and resonators at these frequencies.

8 GeV Linac Klystrons – 2 Types

Toshiba E3740A325 MHz 3 MW(17 Delivered for JPARC…we’ve ordered one… )

Thales TH18011300 MHz

10 MW(~ 3 Vendors)


325 MHz SRF Spoke Resonators 10-400 MeV

• Well Developed Technology for RIA, APT, TRASCO...

• Simulations indicate excellent beam dynamics

Never yet tested with beam

• Runs Pool-Boiling at 4.5K – Simple Cryosystem

• R&D Demonstration (SMTF):

beam properties with pulsed operation.


• β=1 cavities are identical

to the ILC

• Baseline β<1 cavities

are frequency scaled from

805 MHz designs

for SNS/ RIA from JLAB

& MSU

• “Low-Loss” beta=0.81

cavity design & prototype

• Single-Crystal Nb Protos

• Lab-to-Lab Collaboration

so far (MSU & JLAB?)

1300 MHz Elliptical Cavities

325 MHzFront-EndLinac

325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A (JPARC)

115kV Pulse Transformer

ModulatorCapacitor / Switch / Bouncer

ChargingSupply

RFQ

MEBT

SCRF SpokeResonatorCryomodules

RFDistributionWaveguide

FerriteTuners

Single KlystronFeeds SCRF Linacto E > 100 MeV


Room-Temperature Front Endfor Proton Driver at SMTF / Meson

H- IonSource RFQ

Alignment Rails for Beam Experiments

SuperconductingSolenoids

Room TempSpoke (C-H)Resonators

2-Phase LHe Distribution

Header


Toward Selecting an H- Ion Source

The SNS Ion Source Test Bench and LEBT

• Beam tests on the SNS RF H- ion source (Doug Moehs) – 3.1 ms long pulse, 11.5 mA average,

at 5 Hz

– The SNS routinely runs 1 ms long pulses, 30 mA at 60 Hz

• Plan to test the DESY H- source at 3 msec in next few months


History of Magnetron at BNL

Need: ~45mA in 0.25pi mm-mrad

Circular Aperture magnetron is good candidate H- Source for PD

Proton Driver Linac - Technology Flow

R

F

Q

“PULSED RIA”

SCRF Spoke

Cavity Linac

“SNS / RIA”Beta < 1 Elliptical

Cavity Linac

“TESLA”

Elliptical Cavity SCRF Linac

Beta = 1 1300 MHz

JHF

(KEK)

RIA (ANL)

APT (LANL)

SNS (JLAB)

RIA (MSU)

FNAL

ANL / SNS

New FNAL Proton Source Linear Collider Test Facility

TESLACOLLABORATION

BNL / SNS

FNAL Proton PlanUpgrades

NUMI Beamline &

Infrastructure

H

_

325 MHzRFQ andKlystron

SCRFSpoke

Cavities

LinacAccel.

Physics

SNSProductionExperience

< 1Cavity

Design

FastFerrite

Shifters

PulsedModu-lators

Cavities

Cryog

enics

Klystrons

RF

D

istribution

Beam Transportand CollimationDesign

MainInjector@2 MW 8 GeV beams:

P, n, , , e…Technological& HEP Applications

Neutrino Super-beams

Other Labs & Universities

PROTON DRIVER

8 GeV1.3 GeV

SN

S &

DE

SY

SLAC

Linac PD Collaboration Possibilities

• Transfer Line (based on BNL SNS AP Design)• Transfer Line Collimation Systems• H- Injection Design• H- Foil R&D (Diamond Foils, etc)• Laser H- Wire Scanner inside ILC Cryostats• Front End Ion Source

• Scope: – Design (up to June Lehman Rev)– Hardware (discuss after CD-1: finalize PEP, etc)

BNL/SNS Transfer Line, Collimation, Injection

• Proton Driver H- beam line is patterned on BNL/SNS HEBT

• BNL Construction Responsibility

SNS / (BNL) H- Foil Stripping Collimation in HEBT Line

Proton Driver Collaborators• ANL (weekly meetings & parallel worker contacts)

– Spoke Cavity Design & Proto– Test Cryostats (two copies, one for ANL & one for Meson Lab)– 325 MHz high power RF couplers– Design of 10-cavity cryomodules– Accelerator Physics Design– RFQ & Warm Front End Design

• CERN– Fast 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper (collaboration with SPL: 352 MHz chopper)– Fast, High rep-rate Electronic Pulser is main effort

• DESY: – H- Source Design (preferred option at present; test pending)– Standing offer for Ferrite Vector Modulator Test @DESY

• JPARC / KEK– 325 MHz RFQ / Front end construction drawings; indirect help with Klystron

• LANL– LEDA beam analysis equipment SMTF Proton Driver Front End Tests?

• MSU– Low-loss beta=0.81 Design & Proto

• LLNL– High Power RF Coupler Design [under discussion]

• NIU– Instrumentation for front end beam tests @ meson lab

• SNS / LBL– H- Ion Source Tests– Construction Drawings– Accelerator Physics Design

• SLAC– Ongoing: Construction of Redundant IGBT switches & control for 2 modulators– [Concept:] Unitary RF fanout Assembly containing 1 leg of RF fanout w/ferrite control workshop– [Under Discussion:] non-contacting-warm-to-cold RF Coupler prototype

• INDIA: [CAT+others?] interested in building a sister machine w/shared design & parts

Proton Driver R&D Goals1. Extend TESLA-style RF split to Proton Linacs

– Drive Linac up to 110 MeV with single klystron– Beam test of fast Ferrite Vector Modulators - key for Proton Driver– Challenging Mix of Copper and SCRF loads for LLRF

2. Transition to Superconducting RF at 15 MeV (perhaps 10 MeV)– Much lower than e.g. SNS - 186 MeV– First beam test of SCRF Spoke Resonators

3. Transverse Focusing with Superconducting Solenoids– Axisymmetric beams from 3 MeV RFQ to 110 MeV– Better emittance growth & Halo properties predicted– Reduce downstream mitigation costs for PD Project

4. Prototype Next-Generation “Bouncer” Modulator5. Prototype a suite of “ILC-compatible” beta<1 cavites and resonators6. 3 msec pulse width tests for Klystrons and SCRF7. Actually make a 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper work

– Collaboration with CERN (SPL: 352 MHz)8. 1300 MHz β=1 Cryomodule with phase shifters

- Beam Test & Coupler Processing9. Prototype Program for 1300 MHz β=0.81 low-loss cavities

325

MH

z P

D F

ront

End

Tes

ts @

Mes

on13

00 M

Hz


Ferrite Vector Modulator R&D• Provides fast, flexible drive to individual cavites

of a proton linac, when one is using a

TESLA-style RF fanout. (1 klystron feeds 36

cavities)

• Also needed if Linac alternates between e- and P.• This R&D was started by SNS but dropped due to lack

of time. SNS went to one-klystron-per-cavity which cost them a lot of money ($20M - $60M).

Making this technology work is important to the financial feasibility of the 8 GeV Linac.


M

325 MHz RF System

Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

IGBT Switch & Bouncer

CAP

BANK

10 kV110 kVCharging

Supply

300kW

MODULATOR: FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse

SingleJPARC Klystron325MHz3 MW

WR2300 Distribution Waveguide

TO

SH

IBA

E37

40A

I

Q

M

E

I

Q

M

B

I

Q

M

T

I

Q

M

R F Q

I

Q

M

Cables to Tunnel

Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators

RF Couplers

S

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

400kW 20 kW

D

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

D

I

Q

M

S

I

Q

M

R

I

Q

M

120 kW

10kV

H-

Medium EnergyBeam TransportCopper Cavities

Radio FrequencyQuadrupole

Cryomodule #1 Single-SpokeResonators

Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke

Resonators

20 kW

Nov 18, 2004 G.W.Foster - Proton Driver

RF Fan-out for 8 GeV Linac

CIRCULATOR/ ISOLATOR

Magic Tee

FerriteLoaded Stub

CAVITYBEAM

1/8 Power Split (9.03 dB)

DIRECTIONAL COUPLER







E-H TUNER

KLYSTRON

35 footwaveguidefrom galleryto tunnel

RF Fanout at Each Cavity

CIRCULATOR/ ISOLATOR

Magic Tee

FerriteLoaded Stub

CAVITYBEAM

DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

E-H TUNER

KLYSTRON

35 footwaveguidefrom galleryto tunnel

CIRCULATOR / ISOLATOR - Passes RF power forward towards cavity - Diverts reflected power to water cooled load

KLYSTRON - RF Power Source - Located in Gallery above tunnel - Each Klystron Feeds 8-16 Cavities

DIRECTIONAL COUPLER - Picks of a fixed amount of RF power at each station - Passes remaining power downstream to other cavities

E-H TUNER - Provides Phase and Amplitude Control for Cavities - Biased Ferrite Provides Electronic Control

SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITY - Couples RF Power to Beam

? SLAC / FNAL Collaborationto develop unitary

Component containing All components for

one leg of TESLA RF Fanoutincluding dynamic tuning?

ELECTRONICALLY ADJUSTABLEE-H TUNER (1300 MHz Waveguide)

Magic Tee

MICROWAVE INPUT POWER from Klystron and Circulator

E-HTUNER

Reflected Power(absorbed by circulator)

ATTENUATED OUTPUT TO CAVITY

ELECTRONIC TUNINGWITH BIASED FERRITE

Bias Coil

FerriteLoadedStub

FERRITE LOADED SHORTED STUBSCHANGE ELECTRICAL LENGTH DEPENDING ON DC MAGNETIC BIAS.

TWO COILS PROVIDE INDEPENDENTPHASE AND AMPLITUDE CONTROL OF CAVITIES

Fermilab

High Power Ferrite Modulator Test at FNAL

1300 MHz Klystron

T = 250 µsec

F = 5 Hz

Existing A0 Klystron was used for testing

Fermilab

Coaxial Phase Shifter

•Coax design is preferred at 325MHz• In-house design tested to 660kW at 1300 MHz• Tested at 250 kW at Argonne with APS 352MHz Klystron • Fast coil and flux return should respond in ~50us


Ferrite Vector Modulator R&D Summary

• Successful full power prototypes at 1300 MHz and 325 MHz

• Big cost savings for β<1 SCRF Linacs

• Many applications for both ILC and Proton Driver

• Proceeding to System Tests with Beam

Other Information

Project Site:

http://protondriver.fnal.gov

Design Study (Draft, 215 pg.)

http://protondriver.fnal.gov/SCRF_PD_V55.doc

Director’s Review:

http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/DirReviews/Dir'sRev_TechnicalReviewoftheProtonDriver_0315.html


Proton Driver Project Development Vision

• FY08 - FY12: ~$100 M/yr PD/ILC facility – Mostly redirected, hope for some new money

– Key milestone: factory capable of 1 CM/month by 2008

• FY12 -- start of US-ILC construction– U.S. $500M/yr not unreasonable following successful completion

of $500M SCRF Proton Driver project

– Number of years of construction depends on progress on ILC cost reduction:

– I’m personally very hopeful on SCRF cost reduction, and the Proton Driver is the vehicle to demonstrate it.


Milestones for a 2008 Proton Driver Start

• NuSAG Endorsement for Fermilab PD 2005-6

• TDR mid 2006

• FVM Proof-of-Principle Beam Test - 2007

• Factory Capable of 1 Cryomodule/month - 2008

What is Not in Question

• Fermilab > 1 MW Neutrino Beams

– Using Recycler & upgrades for > 1 MW if fast ILC

– Using Proton Driver for >>2 MW if ILC delayed

• The SCRF Proton Driver R&D Program

– Demonstration key cost-saving features of SCRF Proton

Driver Design, with beam, in next 2-3 years

– Ferrite Vector Modulators to reduce number of Klystrons

– ILC-compatible component collaboration for front-end linac

Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades

Documents

Transcript of Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades