M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator -...

71
Thomas Dippon February 2015 Accelerated insight into your design with Signal Scenario Generator delivering High Resolution and Wide Bandwidth M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator Enhance your reality

Transcript of M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator -...

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Thomas Dippon

February 2015

Accelerated insight into your design with

Signal Scenario Generator delivering

High Resolution and Wide Bandwidth

M8190A Arbitrary

Waveform Generator

Enhance your reality

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Keysight M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator

• Precision AWG with

DAC resolution of:

14 bit up to 8 GSa/s

12 bit up to 12 GSa/s

• Up to 2 GSa Arbitrary Waveform Memory per channel

• Up to 5 GHz bandwidth per channel

• 3 selectable output paths: direct DAC, DC and AC

• SFDR: up to -90 dBc typ. (fout = 100 MHz, 14 bit mode, DC to 3 GHz)

• Harmonic distortion: -72 dBc typ. (fout = 100 MHz, with balun)

• Advanced sequencing scenarios define stepping, looping, and

conditional jumps of waveforms or waveform sequences*)

• 2 markers per channel*) (do not reduce DAC resolution)

2

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High-Precision AWG Example:

3

CW Signal

Single tone

555 MHz

Fs = 7.2 GHz

Spurs: < -90 dBc

(in the range

0 to 1 GHz)

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High-Precision AWG Example:

4

Two-Tone Signal

Two-tone signal

Center 500 MHz

Distance 10 MHz

IMD: -72 dBc

Fs = 7.2 GHz

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High-Precision AWG Example:

5

Multi-Tone Signal

Multi-tone signal with 200

tones,

3 GHz bandwidth

Fs = 7.2 GHz

without amplitude correction

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Amplitude Correction Setup

6

• AWG and spectrum analyzer

are remotely controlled by a PC

running an amplitude correction

routine

• Magnitude of each tone in the

multi-tone signal is measured

and frequency response stored

in a file

• Pre-distorted multi-tone signal

calculated based on

measurement

• Multi-tone and equalization

scripts are available for free

Remote

Control

AWG

PC running multi-tone

and equalization routine

Remote

Control

Spectrum Analyzer

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High-Precision AWG Example:

7

Multi-Tone Signal

Multi-tone signal with 200

tones,

3 GHz bandwidth

Fs = 7.2 GHz

with amplitude

correction

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High-Precision AWG Example:

8

Digital Modulation

Wideband digital

modulation:

QAM16, 1G Sym/s

(~ 4 Gb/s)

Fs = 7.2 GHz

with amplitude correction

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M8190A performance - 5 GHz wide modulation

9

QAM64 IQ modulation spanning 5 GHz

EVM 0.9 %

Wide modulation

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OFDM 10 GHz

10

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High-Precision AWG Example:

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Pulsed Radar

2 GHz

Pulsed Radar:

Linear Chirp spanning 2 GHz.

Pulse width: 6 ms

Fs = 7.2 GHz,

with amplitude correction

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High-Precision AWG Example:

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Fast Frequency Switching

Switching between

frequencies in a

2 GHz bandwidth

in less than 500 ps

Fs = 7.2 GHz,

with amplitude correction

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High-Precision AWG Example:

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Multi-Carrier Signal

50 modulated carriers with

8 MHz carrier spacing

60 dB

Fs = 4.2 GHz

with amplitude correction

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High-Precision AWG example:

14

Multi-level serial data with distortions

Cleansignal

With

sinusoidal

jitter

With jitter

and ISI

Multi-level

serial data with

programmable

- transition times

- jitter

- ISI

- noise

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Phase coherent pulses with sub-picosecond timing resolution

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Example: DOA simulation with moving target

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Simulation:(click to play movie)

Result:(click to play movie)

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Example: Simulate 5 scanning Radar stations

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Example: Simulate 5 Radar stations at once

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Measurement results:(click to play movie)

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Delivering High Resolution and Wide Bandwidth simultaneously

19

Delay

Period / 2 DAC

DAC +

Analog output

Digital data

+ =

time

DAC output

clk

clk

DAC

Resampling

switch

Final DAC

output

time

DAC output

time

DAC output

Delay Period / 2DAC

DAC +

Analog output

Digital data

+ =

time

DAC output

clk

clk

Sample after transient is settled

Shifting and adding 2 DAC’s for more power and area

T

T/2T/2

Patented

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Unique Value - Unique Technology

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Distributed re-sampling: 90dB (Linearity of resistor)

i1

R

i2i3

ini1 +i2 +i3 …+in

R

i1i2i3

ini1 +i2 +i3 …+in

Single-sampling switch: Linearity 50dB (Linearity of transistor)

Keysight proprietary DAC

Classical Implementations

Patented

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Generate signals in the desired frequency range

21

IQ BB data

generation

I/Q BB data

downloaded to

AWG

Up conversion to

IF / RF IF / RF signal

Software /

Application

Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Mixer with local oscillator and filter

IQ Signal

IF Signal

OR Vector Signal Generator

(up to 2 GHz modulation BW)

Generation of the final signal is made in several steps!

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M8190A AWG - Best Signal Quality

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Digital Up-Conversion

• Real-time signal processing in

Keysight‘s proprietary ASIC.

Sequence mechansm stays the

same

• Change Waveform parameters such

as frequency, amplitude & phase on

the fly without re-loading new

waveforms

• Better frequency resolution

(< 1 nHz)

• Longer playtime for repetitive

waveforms, optimized setup

Baseband & Up-converted

Up to

– 80 dBc

Frequency

Best signal quality

Parameter

changes

real-time!

M8190A

• 14 bit 8 GSa/s and 12 bit 12 GSa/s mode

• 2 GSa memory for long playtime

• 5 GHz analog bandwidth

• Signals up to 5 – 7 GHz in doublet mode

Click here for animation

Amplitude

Distiortion-

free

Phase

Frequency

Amplitude

Frequency

Amplitude

Phase

Frequency

Parameters

Amplitude

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Comparison Analog vs Digital Up conversion

23

Digital signalAnalog signal

Analog I/Q modulation – Analog I and Q

signals are generated using an AWG.

An I/Q modulator generates the IF or RF signal

Digital up-conversion – I/Q modulation is

performed digitally and in real-time.

The multiplication with a carrier signal is

performed digitally.

Analog I/Q up conversion

causes distortions

I

Q

IF

Best signal qualtiy

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Combine precision AWG with Digital Up Conversion

24

Carrier frequency, phase, amplitude and frequency sweep can be controlled in real time under

sequence control

Sample

Memory

Sequence

Memory

FPGA

Direct

mode

DAC

Digital

Upconversion

mode

Inter-

polator

x3,

x12,

x24 or

x48 Numerically

controlled

oscillator

(DDS engine)Keysight proprietary ASIC

I+Q

data

Complex

multiplier

Frequency

resolution

2 pHz

Phase resolution

0.002 degrees

Sweep Rates from

2 Hz / hour to

40 GHz / µs

Amplitude scaling

in > 20000 steps

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M8190A AWG

25

Create complex signal scenarios - efficiently

Loop 1 time Loop 5200 times Loop 1 time Loop 3567 times

Loop 317 times

Loop 1 time Loop 45 times Loop 1 time Loop 33 times

Loop 5 times

Sequence Scenario

Long playtime and long signal scenarios for highly realistic testing

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Extending the playtime

26

Get more playtime through efficient waveform management

Depending on signal characteristics, savings can be a factor of 1million

Implementation Impact Gain in playtime

Phase coherence

is coming out of

Griffin

No Memory

needed for phase

information

From < 1 s to

seconds

Store only low

sampling IQ data

instead of

sampling IF

Only 1/3 to 1/48

of memory is

needed

From seconds to

minutes

Amplitude and

frequency can be

stored

independent of

wavefrom

W/o DuC store

each wavefrom

Wit DuC store

waveform only

once!

From minutes to

hours

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Streaming for Infinite Playtime

27

Infinite memory: Download waveforms WHILE playing

Reaction on real-time events

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Streaming Configuration

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Data Sources Overview

29

RAID

Allogrithmic data

generation

Digitizer

Playtime

Throughput

HDD

SSD

DRAM of

PC

Infinite

Typical

~3 Gbytes/s

Typical

~1 Gbytes/s

Typical

~80 Mbytes/s

Performance depends on

HW and SW algorithm

AWG average download performance up to ~400 Mbyte/s

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Data Compression

30

Exploiting Idle Insertion - Triggered Streaming

Idle Idle Idle

Idle

Trigger Trigger Trigger

Ring buffer inside the AWG

Size configurable (up to 2 GSa). Segmentation

configurable. Allows simultaneous write (PCIe)

and read (DAC) operations

Radar pulses have an ON/OFF ratio of

typically 1:5 ... 1:100

Example: Throughput = 400 Mbytes/s

14 bit DAC resolution + 2 bits for markers

results in 200 MSa/s

200 MSa/s divided by ~2.5 results in 80

MHz continuous modulation BW

ON/OFF ratio of e.g.1:25 results in 25 *

80MHz = 2 GHz bandwidth during the

burst

Pulse 3

Pulse 4

Pulse 5

Pulse 6

Pulse 7

Pulse 8

Already played

Trigger

Trigger

Trigger

Trigger

Trigger

TriggerTrigger

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Data Compression

31

Exploiting Digital up-conversion

Software up-conversionThe sample rate for the AWG is

determined by the IF frequency

and not by the bandwidth of the

signal. In this case one would

need ~2.4 times 2 GHz equal

4800 MSa/s.

Generate a signal with 100 MHz

instantaneous BW and fc = 1.95 GHz

The IQ sample pairs must be generated with 120 MSa/s

in order to generate a signal with 100 MHz bandwidth.

The AWG can operate in interpolation mode 48. This

means the DAC will operate at 48 times 120 MSa/s

equals 5.76 GSa/s. The NCO can be adjusted to generate

a center frequency of 1.95 GHz.

=> 4800 MSa/s / 120 MSa/s / 2 (IQ pairs) = 20

Result: 20 times less streaming throughput is needed when using digital up-conversion

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Phase Coherent Signal Creation

32

Using a Synchronization Module

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Phase Coherent signal Creation for 12 Channels

33

12

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M8192A Synchronization Module - Key specs

34

• Synchronization of up to

6 M8190A modules

(= 12 channels)

• One trigger input can trigger up

to 6 M8190A modules with

deterministic latency

• Skew repeatability of 2 ps

between any two channels –

independent of sample rate

• Skew calibration with 50 fs

delay resolution between any

two channels

• Works across multiple AXIe

chassis Soft Front Panel for configuration

1U AXIe Module

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Phase Coherent Streaming Configuration

35

e.g. 4…8 channels (with 4 external PCs to increase throughput)

See article ,Phase Coherent Signal Creation with up to Twelve Channels with High-Performance Multi-Channel

Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG)’ from Michael May published at IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2013

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Supported Software

36

MHL Compliance TestHDMI Compliance TestSoft Front PanelSignal Studio Multi-Tone

The M8190A can be controlled via SCPI

commands or through IVI drivers

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Enhance your Reality with a Source of Greater Fidelity

37

Breakthrough performance

Up to 80 dBc SFDR , 14 bit vertical resolution

Reliable and repeatable measurements

2 GSa memory for long playtime

Plus Streaming for infinite playtime

5 GHz analog bandwidth and signals up to 5 – 7 GHz frequency

Digital up-conversion for best IF signal quality and longer lasting playtime

Operation with leading software platforms

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Thank you!

Questions?

38

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Additional Information

39

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Optimize the Output to match your application

40

Three Selectable Amplifiers!

*

* AMP option

Eye

measurement

12 GSa/s,

3 Gb/s

~ 7 pspp Jitter

50 ps transition

time

Best

phase

noise: -

110dBc

@10kHz

(typ)

3 GHz

multi tone

8 GSa/s

DAC

- 59 dBm

- 1.0 … + 3.3

Voltage window

Best SFDR, HD &

phase noiseLow jitterHigh bandwidth &

power

Direct DAC

Single-ended or differential

Amplitude 350 mVpp to 700 mVpp

Offset -20mV … +20mV

AC amplifier*

Single-ended

Amplitude (SE) 200 mVpp to 2.0 Vpp

50 mHz to 5 GHz (3 dB) (typ)

DC ampliier*

Single ended or differential

Amplitude (se) 500 mVpp to 1.0 Vpp

Output voltage window

– 1.0 V … + 3.3V

*

5 GHz

2 Vpp (SE)

-3 dB

2 dB

5 GHz

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Different Formats for different Applications

41

Included in M8190A product, no extra option needed!

DNRZ for best SFDR in frequency domain apps

RZ not specified, Return to Zero for differential signals

NRZ for best pulse performance in time domain apps

DOUBLET for desired frequency response in RF apps

Output

Formats:

Doublet

Mode: Uses the first signal image located in the 2nd Nyquist

Shows higher amplitude response (up to 7 dB

compared to DNRZ)

Gives signal @ higher frequency (4 GHz to 8 GHz)

but it gives not more bandwidth!

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Frequency response including sinx/x roll off

42

GHZ

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Lev

el (d

b.)

12 GSa/s NRZ

12 GSa/s doublet

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Lev

el (d

B)

8 Gsa/s NRZ

8 Gsa/s doublet

GHzBW defined

through 3 dB

point.

BW goes > 3 /

5 GHZ

BW defined

through 3 dB

point.

BW goes > 3 /

5 GHZ

Sweet Spot

Sweet Spot

Sweet Spot

Sweet Spot

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Signal Generation Setups

43

Differential I/Q signals

RF/IF out

RF/IF out

Marker output

Pulse mod. input

PCIe

PCIe

M8190AE8267D,

Opt. 016

M8190A

Modulation BW up to 2 GHz

RF up to 44 GHz

IF/RF up to 5 GHz

Modulation BW up to

2 * (5 GHz – IF)

IQ Modulation

Direct IF/RF

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Configurations

44

5-slot AXIe chassis

• fits up to 2 M8190As + system

controller + ESM module

• Only a monitor is needed to form

a complete instrument

2-slot AXIe chassis

• Fits one M8190A + ESM module

• Requires PC or Laptop with PCI-

Express interface card to control itESM module (provides PCI-Express connectivity)

ESM module (provides PCI-Express connectivity)

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M8190A Software Structure

45

Firmware

SCPI IVI-COM IVI-C

PCIe

LabView

driver

VISA HiSLIP protocol - or -

raw TCP/IP on Port 5025

or VXI-11 (only Rev. 2 FW)

LabViewMATLABUser

Program

(C++, C#,

.NET)

VISA Address

PXIn::nnn::nnn

VISA Address:

TCPIP0::xxx::hislip0::INSTR or

TCPIP0::xxx::5025::SOCKET

Signal

Studio,

Benchlink

WWC,

etc.

LAN

Can run on the

same or different

PC than firmware

Can run on the

same or different

PC than firmware

Or embedded PC

Remember:

-You can only

communicate

with the M8190A

through the

firmware. Make

sure it is running

and connected to

the hardware…

- The firmware

acts as a LAN

instrument. Do

not attempt to

connect your

user software to

PXIn:nnnn:nnnn

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Ordering Instruction

46

AXIe infrastructure

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M8190A without sequencing

47

• Only a single waveform segment is available

• Waveform segment can be up to 2 GSamples long

Infinite loop

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Sequence

48

• A sequence consists of a list of waveform segments

• Total size of waveform segments can be up to 2 GSamples

• Each segment can be looped up to 232 times

• A sequence can contain up to 512K steps

Loop 1 time Loop 45 times Loop 1 time Loop 33 times

Infinite loop

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Scenario

49

• A scenario consists of a list of sequences

Loop 1 time Loop 5200 times Loop 1 time Loop 3567 times

Loop 317 times

Loop 1 time Loop 45 times Loop 1 time Loop 33 times

Loop 5 times

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Advancement modes

50

• Automatic

– Loop N times, then go to next

segment/sequence (un-conditional)

• Conditional

– Loop until an event occurs, then go to next

segment/sequence

• Repeat

– Loop N times, then wait until an event

occurs before going to the next

segment/sequence

• Stepped

– Same as “Repeat”, but wait for an event on

every loop

Loop N times

Event?

No

Yes

Event?Yes

Loop N timesNo

Yes

Loop N timesNo

Event?

Advancing from one segment/sequence to the next can be…

All transitions are “seamless”. Event can be an external signal or a software command

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Selection of segment/sequence to be generated

51

Selection of segment/sequence can be determined by…

• Pre-defined sequence

– If the order of waveform segments is known

ahead of time, it can be set up as a “sequence”

• Dynamic Control Port

– The dynamic control port on the front panel allows

you to select one of 213 (219) segments/sequences

dynamically at runtime by applying a digital pattern

to the dynamic control port connector

• Software

– Instead of applying a digital pattern to the dynamic control

port, you can also select a segment/sequence using

software by sending a command to the firmware

In all cases, transitions are “seamless” - without any gaps

Loop 1 time Loop 45 times Loop 1 time Loop 33 times

Infinite loop

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Trigger modes

52

All of the previously mentioned cases can be combined with the following

trigger modes. This applies to segments or sequences.

• Continuous

• Triggered– Each edge of the trigger

signal starts the selected

segment/sequence

.

• Gated– Segments are always

completed

Trigger/Gate input

Trigger/Gate input

Output

Output

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…and how does it work internally?

53January 15, 2016

Confidentiality Label

53

Segment #1

Segment #2

Segment #3

1

Waveform Memory

(up to 2 GSamples)

Sequence Memory

(total: 512K steps)

X502

230

2 X5001000

3 XXX534

3 X25

6 X1In this example,

3 sequences

are defined using

a total of 6 steps

Software

Command

Dynamic Control

Port

Multiple steps can

point to the same

segment

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81199A Wideband Waveform Creator (GUI)

54

…drag and drop to create

required composite

waveform in the editor

Create a library of individually

configurable waveform

segments…

Fully parameterized

encoding

Add noise and user-

definable predistortion

(e.g. for uplink

compensation)

Set final sampling

rate to match AWG

Download direct to

AWG or to File

Select waveform

segment format from

(WiHD, WiGig etc.)

54

AGILENT CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share

externally

81199A Wideband Waveform Center

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81199A WiGig / 802.11ad Modulation Analyzer

55

Colour coded composite

constellation display

Detailed tabulation of

numerical results.

Multiple dockable windows, each

independently configurable to

display any mix of...

• Spectrum

• Main Time

• Error Summary

• Decoded Payload Data

• LDPC Codeword Display

• Correlator Output

• Channel Estimation

• IQ Data

• Error Vector Spectrum

• Error Vector Time

• OFDM EVM vs symbol

• OFDM EVM vs subcarrier

• Carrier Tracking

• Phase Error

• Power .vs. Time

Full remote control using

SCPI over

LAN/Telnet/Sockets

Flexible graphing,

including image cut/paste

for easy documentation

AGILENT CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share

externally

81199A Wideband Waveform Center

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802.11ad

WiGig 1.1 Specification

802.11n

802.11h

802.11ac

802.11a/g

802.11b

W-LAN

WiGig Alliance is focused on

mmWave/60 GHz technologies

Board of Directors

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802.11ad Technology

57

Single Carrier OFDM

For Preamble and Data For Higher Data Rates

Bandwidth 1.76 GHz 1.825 GHz

Modulation p/2-BPSK, p/2-QPSK,16-QAM SQPSK, QPSK,16-QAM, 64-QAM

57 – 66GHz Unlicensed, globally available

7 Gbps Data Rates

Wider channels, enabling higher data rates over short distances (1m – 10m)

First commercial devices expected to be announced at CES in Jan 2012 (covert meetings occurred at CES2011 last January)

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Why New Test Tools for 60 GHz Wireless

58

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Agilent Participation in the WiGig Alliance

59

In the Alliance and Participation in the PlugFest

“Key test instrumentation for the PlugFest is being provided by

Agilent Technologies, the leader in test and measurement and the

only commercial provider of signal creation and modulation analysis

SW and HW solutions for the WiGig Standard.“

From WiGig Alliance Press Release

• Agilent representatives have chaired the WGA Interoperability

Working Group (IWG) for the last two years.

• Agilent exclusively provided the test equipment for the

PlugFest

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Why Digital Up-Conversion in hardware?

60

1. Better RF signal quality when M8190A generates IF instead of I/Q– images and LO are out-of-band – (see slide 3)

2. Don’t need an expensive Vector PSG– Cheaper analog PSG is sufficient in many cases (see slide 4)

3. Better memory utilization – longer playtime– Extends the playtime by several orders of magnitude, depending on the

modulation bandwidth type of signal

– It is much easier to achieve a phase continuous signal – especially in burst waveforms (e.g. Radar). Phase continuity of IF signal is guaranteed without loading multiple copies of the I/Q data in memory

4. Better frequency resolution– E.g. for direct mode, 10k samples, 10 Gsa/s sample rate, the frequency

resolution is 10G/10k = 1 MHz very coarse

– In digital up-conversion mode, the frequency resolution is 10G/2^64 = 1 nHz (!). This is important for simulating Doppler effect in radar apps.

5. It is built into Keysight’s DAC ASIC– Same hardware – just a software license key

– Sequence mechanism stays the same

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Analog vs. Digital Up-Conversion

61

Mixer /

Multiplier

/ LO

Analog I and Q

signals are

generated using

an AWG. An

(analog) I/Q

modulator

generates the IF

or RF signal

AWG or Signal Gen.

D/A

D/A

Memory

Memory

Signal Generator

X

X

+~

90°

Digital signalAnalog signal

In digital I/Q

modulation, the

multiplication with

a carrier signal is

performed

digitally – either

in real-time or in

software

AWG

D/A

X

X

+~

90°

Memory

Memory

X

~

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Comparison of different up-conversion methods

62

Interpolation &

Digital up-

conversion in

DAC ASIC

Software

calculates

I/Q BB data

Up-conver-

sion to IF in

software

Software

calculates

I/Q BB data

Software

calculates

I/Q BB data

I/Q BB data

downloaded to

AWG

Vector PSG with

wideband I/Q

inputs up-

conversion

IF data

downloaded

to AWG

Analog PSG

up-

conversion

I/Q BB data

downloaded

to AWG

Analog PSG

up-

conversion

Analog I/Q up-conversion causes distortions, Vector PSG is expensive

IF in software requires high sample rate eats up memory; poor freq resolution

Digital up-conversion in hardware combines the benefits of both approaches

Low sample rate

High sample rate

High sample rateLow sample rate

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Digital Up-Conversion Block Diagram

63

• In digital up-conversion mode, the sample memory contains I/Q samples

• I/Q samples are fed into the DAC chip at low sample rate and interpolated to DAC

sample rate (I/Q sample rate * interpolation factor = DAC sample rate)

• Numerically Controlled Oscillator can change carrier frequency, phase, amplitude

and perform frequency sweep in real-time under sequencer control

Sample

Memory

Sequence

Memory

FPGA

Direct

mode

DAC

Digital

Upconversion

mode

Inter-

polator

x3,

x12,

x24 or

x48 Numerically

controlled

oscillator

(DDS engine)

Carrier frequency, phase,

amplitude and frequency sweep

in real time under sequence control = Keysight proprietary ASIC

I+Q

data

Complex

multiplier

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Generating Phase Coherent Pulses usingSoftware Up-Conversion vs. DUC

64

Local

Oscillator

Output

Signal

PRI

All pulses are coherent with the LO, but they have different “starting” phases

With Software Up-Conversion, multiple copies of the pulse (at IF) must

be stored. Depending on desired phase resolution up to 120.

Segment #2 IdleSegment #1 Segment #3IdleIdle Segment #4

PW

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Generating Phase Coherent Pulses usingSoftware Up-Conversion vs. DUC

65

Local

Oscillator

Output

Signal

PRI

All pulses are coherent with the LO, but they have different starting phases

With DUC, only a single copy of the pulse in baseband is stored and

repeated via the sequencer.

PW

Segment Idle (same Segment re-used)

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Pulses with Frequency and Amplitude changesusing Software Up-Conversion vs. DUC

66

Local

Oscillator (NCO)

Output

Signal

With DUC, only a single copy of the pulse in baseband is stored and

new center frequencies or amplitudes are programmed via the sequencer

Segment #4Segment #3Segment #2Segment #1

With Software Up-Conversion, multiple copies of the pulse must be stored.

Sequencer

Command: Set Freq#1 Set Freq#2 Set Freq#3 Set Freq#4

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Two ways to generate LFM chirps

67

Local

Oscillator (NCO)

Desired Output Signal

With Software Up-Conversion, the whole segment must be stored (no loops)

Sequencer Command: Start Sweep

I/Q Baseband Waveform:

I/Q Baseband Waveform:

–fm/2 +fm/20

With DUC, a the NCO can perform the sweep, baseband wfm is a constant.

This allows very long sweeps without using up sample memory (using loop)

Local

Oscillator (NCO)

(same Segment looped)

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How does this work internally

68

Segment #1

Segment #2

Segment #3

Play segment#1 100 times

(Flag: next amplitude)

Play segment#2 200 times

(Flag: next freq. & ampl.)

Play segment#3 300 timesAmplitude table

Frequency table

Pointer +1

Pointer +1

Waveform memory

Sequencer memory

To DAC control port

Command: Initialize

pointers

Action table

Command: Start Sweep

Sweep X Y Z

Frequency = F1

Amplitude = A1

Set Phase

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Frequency / phase and amplitude changes -independent of modulation waveform

69

• With IF calculation in software, the

frequency, phase and amplitude of the IF

signal are folded into the modulation

waveform

• With digital up-conversion in hardware, these

parameters can be changed on the fly.

• E.g. in radar applications:

• Pulses with the same “shape” but different

amplitude or frequency are stored only ONCE.

• Amplitude and frequency information is stored

along with sequence information

This approach allows fast changing signals

(GHz pulses) to be combined with slow

changes (e.g. a radar antenna scan at 15

RPM) which would otherwise use up a large

amount of memory

Simulated antenna scan

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An Arbitrary Waveform Generator is the most Versatile Instrument

70

Multi-tone signal with 200 tones,

3 GHz bandwidth, - 59.24 dB

Fast Frequency Switching 2 GHz bw in < 500 ps

Spectral Efficiency

256 QAM 3 Gbaud symbol

rate

2 GHz Chirpcentered at 6 GHz

Serial Data with ISI and Jitter

MHL Sink test

50 modulated carriers with 8 Mhz spacing

Triggered radar pulse

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Realistic testing with a source of greater fidelity delivering high resolution and wide bandwidth -simulaneously

71

- 63 dBc, 2 GHz multi tone, DAC - 58.8 dBc, 3 GHz 1000 tones, 8 Gsa/s, DAC

QAM16 spanning 5 GHz

Wide bandwidth for today’s and

tomorrow's applications

- Generate wideband modulations

- Up-convert the IQ data to IF

signals using digital up-

conversion avoiding analog

imperfections

- Precise frequency setting with

digital up-conversion:

1.5 pHz frequency resolution

- Generate signals @ 5 – 7 GHz

frequency in doublet mode

0.9%

EVM

QAM16, 2 GHz modulation @ 6 GHz

1.9%

EVM

14 bit vertical resolution:

Excellent SFDR ensures

that tones stand out from

distortion even with

hundreds of tones

M8190A

- 88 dBc, 555 MHz,12 GSa/s DAC