2211-6007 18 pages

M11/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX

Wednesday 18 May 2011 (afternoon)

BiologyHigHer levelPaPer 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.

1 hour

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2011

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1. Thetablebelowshowsthelevelofhemoglobinmeasuredintwodifferentgroupsofathletes.

Hemoglobin /grams per 100 cm3

Number of athletes tested

Standard deviation /grams per 100 cm3

Group A 12.6 200 0.8

Group B 11.9 220 3.2

Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

A. ResultsfromgroupBaremoreaccuratebecausemoreathletesweretested.

B. ResultsfromgroupBaremorereliablebecauseithasahigherstandarddeviation.

C. More athletes have their hemoglobin concentration close to the mean in groupA than in groupB.

D. Theseresultsindicatethatthelevelofhemoglobinfollowsanormaldistribution.

2. Aredbloodcellis8μmindiameter.Ifdrawn100timeslargerthanitsactualsize,whatdiameterwillthedrawingbeinmm?

A. 0.08mm

B. 0.8mm

C. 8mm

D. 80mm

3. Anunknowncellisobservedusingamicroscope.Acellwall,ribosomesandDNAareidentified.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheseobservations?

A. Itcanonlybeaprokaryoticcell.

B. Itcanonlybeaeukaryoticcell.

C. Itcouldbeaprokaryoticoreukaryoticcell.

D. Itcanonlybeaplantcell.

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4. Whichpairoffeaturesiscorrectforbothdiffusionandosmosis?

Diffusion Osmosis

A. netmovementofparticlesfromhightolowconcentration

active transport of water acrossapartiallypermeablemembrane

B. netmovementofparticlesfromlowtohighconcentration

active transport of water acrossapartiallypermeablemembrane

C. netmovementofparticlesfromlowtohighconcentration

passivemovementofwateracrossapartiallypermeablemembrane

D. netmovementofparticlesfromhightolowconcentration

passivemovementofwateracrossapartiallypermeablemembrane

5. Thediagrambelowshowsacellduringmitosis.

I

II

Chromosomes

Whatarethestructuresandstageofmitosis?

Stage of mitosis Structure I Structure II

A. metaphase chromatid nuclearmembrane

B. anaphase centromere plasmamembrane

C. anaphase chromatid nuclearmembrane

D. metaphase centromere plasmamembrane

}

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6. Whichstatementaboutwateriscorrect?

A. Theatomswithinamoleculeofwaterareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbonds.

B. Water has a low heat capacity allowing enzymatic reactions to happen at awide range oftemperatures.

C. Watermoleculesarepolar,thereforefattyacidsdonotdissolve.

D. Icehasahigherdensitythanliquidwater,thereforesomeorganismscanliveundertheice.

7. Whichtypeofmoleculeisshowninthediagrambelow?

A. Peptide

B. Carbohydrate

C. Lipid

D. Nucleicacid

8. ThepercentageofthymineintheDNAofanorganismisapproximately30%.Whatisthepercentageofguanine?

A. 70%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 20%

C

H

OH

2CHH

NC

O

C

O

2CH

SH

C

H

N

H

OHC

O

C

H

OH

2CHH

H N

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9. Whichofthefollowingareinvolvedinbothreplicationandtranscription?

A. DNAonly

B. DNAandRNA

C. DNAandribosomes

D. DNA,RNAandribosomes

10. Whatisthesourceoftheoxygenreleasedintotheairasaproductofphotosynthesis?

A. Chlorophyll

B. Carbondioxideonly

C. Wateronly

D. Bothwaterandcarbondioxide

11. Whatisthedifferencebetweentheallelesofagene?

A. Theirpositiononthechromosome

B. Theiraminoacidsequence

C. Theirpentosesugars

D. Theirbasesequence

12. Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouthomologouschromosomesiscorrect?

A. Eachgeneisatthesamelocusonbothchromosomes.

B. Theyare twoidenticalcopiesofaparentchromosomewhichareattachedtooneanotherat thecentromere.

C. Theyalwaysproduceidenticalphenotypes.

D. Theyarechromosomesthathaveidenticalgenesandalleles.

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13. Anewallelethatprovidesherbicideresistanceisidentifiedinsoybeanplants.Thealleleisdominant.Which of the following would be carried out in a herbicide-resistant plant to find out if it ishomozygousorheterozygousforthegene?

A. Gelelectrophoresis

B. Karyotyping

C. Testcross

D. DNAprofiling

14. Thepedigreechartbelowshowsthebloodtypesofthreemembersofafamily.

Whichcouldbethebloodtypesofindividuals1and2?

Individual 1 Individual 2

A. A AB

B. AB B

C. O B

D. B A

1

2

Blood Group A

Blood Group A Blood Group O

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15. Whichstatementaboutthepolymerasechainreaction(PCR)iscorrect?

A. PCRallowsDNAtobeclonedinatesttubeandmillionsofcopiescanbemadeinhours.

B. PCRallowsthesynthesisofRNAfromDNAmolecules.

C. PCRisanaturalprocesscarriedoutbysomevirusestoamplifyDNAmolecules.

D. PCRisaman-madetechniqueusedtoidentifythenucleotidesequenceofDNA.

16. Whatisacommunitycomposedof?

A. Habitats

B. Populations

C. Abioticfactors

D. Bioticandabioticfactors

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17. Thediagrambelowshowsasimplifiedfoodweb.

Howmanytrophiclevelsareinthisfoodweb?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

18. Whichofthefollowingaregreenhousegases?

I. Oxidesofnitrogen

II. Carbondioxide

III. Methane

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

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19. Thepopulationofwhite-taileddeer inNovaScotia (Canada) suffereda significantdecline in thelate1970s.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytohavecausedthedecline?

A. Thepopulationhaddepletedresourcesintheenvironment

B. Adecreaseinhunting

C. Adecreaseinpredation

D. Natalityandimmigrationexceededmortalityandemigration

20. Twodifferent treeshavebeenclassifiedasPinus pineaandPinus nigra. Whichof thefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

A. Bothtreesbelongtothesameclassbutadifferentgenus.

B. Bothtreesbelongtothesamefamilyandsamegenus.

C. ThespeciesnameofbothtreesisPinus.

D. Thefamilynamesarepinea and nigra.

21. Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi cells. Whichof the following ismost likely tohappentopeoplewithceliacdisease?

A. Incompletedigestionoffats

B. Poorabsorptionofcalcium

C. Increasedlevelsofglucoseinblood

D. Damageintheesophaguscausedbyincreaseinacidcontentofthestomach

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22. Isthebloodintheaorta,leftventricleandpulmonaryarteryoxygenatedordeoxygenated?

Aorta Left ventricle Pulmonary artery

A. oxygenated deoxygenated deoxygenated

B. deoxygenated oxygenated oxygenated

C. oxygenated oxygenated deoxygenated

D. oxygenated oxygenated oxygenated

23. Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutantibodiesiscorrect?

A. Antibodiesarepolypeptides.

B. Antibodiesareproducedbythebonemarrow.

C. Antibodiesarepathogenicforeignsubstances.

D. Antibodieskillbacteriabutnotviruses.

24. Whatwillbehappeninginapersonaftereighthoursofsleep?

A. βcellsinthepancreaswillbeproducinginsulin.

B. Glucosewillbeconvertedintoglucagon.

C. αcellsinthepancreaswillbeproducingglucagon.

D. Glycogenisbeingproducedandstoredintheliverandmusclecells.

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25. Thediagrambelowshowsthemalereproductivesystem.

Whicharetheepididymisandtheseminalvesicleinthediagram?

Epididymis Seminal vesicle

A. IV I

B. III II

C. I V

D. III I

26. Whatdoesanucleosomeconsistof?

A. DNAandhistones

B. DNAandchromatin

C. Chromatinandnucleotides

D. MatureRNAandhistones

I

II

III IV

V

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27. WhatareOkazakifragments?

A. ShortlengthsofRNAprimaseattachedtotheDNAduringreplication

B. ShortsectionsofDNAformedduringDNAreplication

C. NucleotidesaddedbyDNApolymeraseIinthesamedirectionasthereplicationfork

D. SectionsofRNAremovedbyDNApolymeraseIIIandreplacedwithDNA

28. ThesequenceofnucleotidesinasectionofRNAis:

GCCAUACGAUCG

WhatisthebasesequenceoftheDNAsensestrand?

A. CGGUAUGCUAGC

B. GCCATACGATCG

C. CGGTATGCTAGC

D. GCCAUACGAUCG

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29. Theelectronmicrographbelowshowsanorganelleinaeukaryoticcell.WhatisthearealabelledXandwhatisthetypeofreactionoccurringthere?

X

[Source:http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php]

X Reaction

A. matrix photolysis

B. stroma Krebscycle

C. stroma photolysis

D. matrix Krebscycle

30. Whereischlorophyllfoundinaplantcell?

A. Thylakoidmembranes

B. Stroma

C. Matrix

D. Cristae

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31. Whatisproducedbythelight-dependentreactionsofphotosynthesisandusedintheCalvincycle?

A. Hydrogenandoxygen

B. ATPandNADPH

C. NADPHandoxygen

D. ATPandCO2

32. Thediagrambelowshowsacrosssectionofastem. What is thestructure labelledYandoneofitsfunctions?

Y

Structure Y Function

A. phloem storageofwaterandstarch

B. xylem mechanicalsupport

C. phloem gasexchange

D. xylem transportofsugars

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33. Thediagrambelowshowschromosomesduringmeiosis.

Howmanychromosomesandchiasmataarevisible?

Chromosomes Chiasmata

A. 4 4

B. 2 4

C. 2 2

D. 4 2

34. GenesAandBarelocatedonthesamechromosome.Iftwoindividualswiththegenotypeshownbelowarecrossed,whichgenotypecouldbeformed?

A.

B.

C.

D.

AB

ab

Ab

Ab

aB

aB

AB

Ab

aB

Ab

ab

ab×

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35. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

A. Active immunity is the stimulation of the immune system to produce antigen-specificantibodies.

B. Vaccines produce immunological memory similar to that acquired by having the naturaldisease.

C. Themostcommonwaytoacquirepassiveimmunityistohavethenaturaldisease.

D. Killedformsofamicroorganismcanactasanantigen.

36. Whichisthesequenceofeventsinmusclecontraction?

I. UseofATP

II. Formationofcrossbridges

III. Releaseofcalciumionsfromthesarcoplasmicreticulum

IV. Actinfilamentmovestowardsthecentreofthesarcomere

A. I→II→III→IV

B. III→II→IV→I

C. IV→I→II→III

D. II→IV→I→III

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37. Thediagrambelowshowsalongitudinalsectionthroughakidney.WhatisthestructurelabelledZandwhatisitsfunction?

Structure Z Function

A. cortex osmoregulation

B. medulla ultrafiltration

C. cortex ultrafiltration

D. pelvis osmoregulation

38. Duringurineproduction,whathappensifthewatercontentofthebloodistoolow?

A. Membranechannelsareproducedinthecellsofthecollectingduct.

B. ThepituitaryglandstopssecretingADH.

C. Thecollectingductbecomeslesspermeabletowater.

D. Largevolumesofdiluteurineareformed.

Z

{

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39. Aprocessoccursinwhichtheinsideofaneurondevelopsanetpositivechargecomparedwiththeoutside.Whatisthenameofthisprocess?

A. Restingpotential

B. Repolarization

C. Depolarization

D. Hyperpolarization

40. Whichofthesestatementsaboutthehumanplacentaisincorrect?

A. Theplacentaisthesiteofnutrientandgasexchangebetweenthemotherandfetus.

B. Theplacentaproduceshormones,suchasestrogen.

C. Theplacentabeginstodevelopafterimplantationoftheblastocyst.

D. Themother’sbloodandthebaby’sbloodmixintheplacenta.