Diseases and Biotechnology:

Introductory Vocabulary Stations

Station 1- Part ADirections:

1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word

3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

DiseaseDefinition: An abnormal functioning of the body or part of

body, sometimes caused by infections

Station 2- Part ADirections:

1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word

3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

MicrobiologyDefinition: The study of organisms that are too small to see

without a microscope

Station 3- Part ADirections:

1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word

3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

Microorganism(AKA Microbe)

Definition: A living organism that is so small that it can only be seen with a microscope

Station 4- Part ADirections:

1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word

3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

UnicellularDefinition: An organism composed (made up) of only one

cell

Station 5- Part A

Directions: 1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper

2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

PreventionDefinition: Methods of reducing the likelihood of

contracting a disease. Methods of prevention depend on the organism that causes the disease.

Station 6- Part A

Directions: 1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper

2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

TreatmentDefinition: The response to a disease provided by medical

professionals

Station 7- Part A

Directions: 1. Record the definition of the following vocabulary word onto your paper

2. Write an original sentence that uses the new vocabulary word3. Draw a picture of something that you think represents the new word

AntibioticsDefinition: Drug that kills bacteria and cures ONLY bacterial

infections and diseases

Station 1- Part B

Disease

Directions:

1. Read the following information about different contagious diseases. 2. Choose only three to complete the table on your paper. You will be responsible for filling in the name of the

disease, the symptoms (what signs the person shows if they have it; for example: Runny nose), and how the disease is spread from person to person. The spread of disease is also called transmission.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis (pronounced: brong-kye-tis) is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. This delicate, mucus-producing lining covers and protects the respiratory system, the organs and tissues involved in breathing. When a person has bronchitis, it may be harder for air to pass in and out of the lungs, the tissues become irritated, and more mucus is produced. The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough. Acute bronchitis often starts with a dry, annoying cough that is triggered by the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. Other symptoms may include:

cough that may bring up thick white, yellow, or greenish mucus headache generally feeling ill chills

fever (usually mild) shortness of breath soreness or a feeling of tightness in the chest wheezing (a whistling or hissing sound with breathing)

Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, and it may occur together with or following a cold or other respiratory infection. Germs such as viruses can be spread from person to person by coughing. They can also be spread if you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after coming into contact with respiratory fluids from an infected person. Smoking (even for a brief time) and being around tobacco smoke, chemical fumes, and other air pollutants for long periods of time puts a person at risk for developing chronic bronchitis. Some people who seem to have repeated bouts of bronchitis — with coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath — may actually have asthma.

Tapeworm

Ever heard someone say, "He's so skinny he must have a tapeworm"? Tapeworms may seem like a joke to some people, but they can be a real problem in parts of the world. In fact, a worm that can grow to more than 30 feet long, lives in your intestines, and eats your digested food probably seems more sci fi than comedy. Here's what you need to know about tapeworms and how to keep yourself from getting one. Tapeworms are flat worms that live in a person's digestive tract. They can grow to more than 33 feet (10 meters) and live as long as 25 years. Tapeworms are parasites. As you probably know from biology class, parasites are organisms that live in, or on, other organisms (called "hosts"). Parasites take their nutrients from the host, sometimes depriving the host of nutrition.

Tapeworms get into the body when a person eats or drinks something that's infected with a worm or its eggs . Once inside the body, the tapeworm head attaches to the inner wall of the intestines. The tapeworm feeds off the food that the host is digesting. It uses this nutrition to grow. Most people with tapeworms don't feel anything. It can take months or years to notice any signs of a tapeworm. They can include:

mild nausea diarrhea abdominal pain loss of appetite and weight loss

Athlete’s Foot

Although the words ringworm, jock itch, and athlete's foot may sound funny, if you have one of these skin infections, you're probably not laughing. The good news is that tinea, the name for this category of common skin infections, is usually easy to treat. Tinea (pronounced: tin-ee-uh) is the medical name for a group of related fungal skin infections that affect the skin, nails, or scalp, including athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm (despite its name, ringworm is not a worm). These infections are caused by several types of mold-like fungi called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-mah-tuh-fites) that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails. The medical name for athlete's foot is tinea pedis. Usually, athlete's foot affects the soles of the feet and the areas between the toes, and it may also spread to the toenails. Athlete's foot can also spread to the palms of your hands, groin, or underarms if you touch your feet and then touch another area of your body. Athlete's foot doesn't just aggravate athletes; anyone whose feet tend to be damp or sweaty can get this infection. The fungi that cause athlete's foot thrive in warm, moist environments. The signs and symptoms of athlete's foot include itching, burning, redness, and stinging on the soles of the feet. The skin may flake, peel, blister, or crack. Athlete's foot is contagious. It's often spread in damp areas, such as public showers or pool areas. To avoid getting athlete's foot, dry your feet — and the spaces between your toes — thoroughly after showering or swimming. Use a clean towel. (Avoid sharing towels because doing so can spread the infection.) If you use public showers, like those in the locker room, wearing waterproof shoes or flip-flops is a good way to protect your feet. To keep your feet as dry as possible, try not to wear the same shoes or sneakers all the time, and don't wear socks that make your feet sweat or trap moisture. Cotton or wool socks are a good bet. You can also find socks made of special "moisture wicking" fabrics in many sports stores — these are designed to keep feet dry. If possible, choose sneakers that are well ventilated — some sneakers contain small ventilation holes that help to keep your feet dry.

Poison Ivy

Leaves of three, let them be! You've probably heard that little rhyme about poison ivy. But did you know that poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac all contain the same rash-causing substance? It's called urushiol (pronounced: yoo-roo-shee-ol), a colorless, odorless oil (called resin) contained in the leaves of the plants. Urushiol is considered an allergen because it causes an allergic reaction — which takes the form of a rash, itching, and sometimes swelling. Not everyone gets a reaction to urushiol, but about 60% to 80% of people do. This reaction can appear within hours of coming into contact with urushiol or as late as 5 days

later. Typically, the skin becomes red, itchy, and swollen and blisters will appear. After a few days, the blisters may become crusty and start to flake off. The rash that people get from poison ivy takes 1 to 2 weeks to heal. Poison ivy can grow anywhere — from the woods to your own backyard. And it's hard to identify: Not only can the green leaves of poison plants blend right in with other plants and brush, but there are several types of poison ivy, and each one can look different depending on the time of year. It's also possible to get a rash from poison ivy without ever venturing into the woods or directly touching a plant. Urushiol can be transferred from one person to another. Plus, a person can pick it up from anything that's come in contact with the oil, including pets. Urushiol can even travel through the air if someone burns some of the plants to clear brush. The leaves of poison ivy plants release urushiol when they're bumped, torn, or brushed against. (When the resin is released, the leaves may appear shiny or you may see black spots of resin on them.) Once the urushiol has been released, it can easily get on a person's skin.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia (pronounced: noo-mow-nyuh) is an infection of the lungs. When someone has pneumonia, lung tissue can fill with pus and other fluid, which makes it difficult for oxygen in the lung's air sacs to reach the bloodstream. With pneumonia, a person may have difficulty breathing and have a cough and fever; occasionally, chest or abdominal pain and vomiting are symptoms, too. Pneumonia is commonly caused by viruses, such as the influenza virus (flu) and adenovirus. Other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are common causes of pneumonia in young children and infants. Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause pneumonia, too. People with bacterial pneumonia are usually sicker than those with viral pneumonia, but can be effectively treated with antibiotic medications. Many symptoms are associated with pneumonia; some of them, like a cough or a sore throat, are also common with other common infections. Often, people get pneumonia after they've had an upper respiratory tract infection like a cold.Symptoms of pneumonia can include:

fever chills cough unusually rapid breathing

wheezing difficulty breathing chest or abdominal pain loss of appetite

exhaustion vomiting and dehydration

Symptoms vary from person to person, and few people get all of them. Because pneumonia is often caused by germs, a good way to prevent it is to keep your distance from anyone you know who has pneumonia or other respiratory infections. Use separate drinking glasses and eating utensils; wash your hands frequently with warm, soapy water; and avoid touching used tissues and paper towels.

Station 2- Part B

MicrobiologyDirections:

1. Read the following information about different jobs in the field of microbiology.

2. Write the job titles on your paper and circle any jobs that sound interesting to you.

Microbiology Job Descriptions

Bacteriologist- A person who studies bacteria Environmental Microbiologist- Study how microbes affect the environment Food Microbiologist- Work in the food industry and study the microbes that cause food

borne illness and food spoilage Industrial Microbiologist- Study microbes that produce useful products Medical Microbiologist- Doctors who have chosen to specialize in the diagnosis and

treatment of microbial disease in patients Mycologist- A person who studies fungi Virologist- A person who studies viruses Microbial Epidemiologist- A person who studies the role of microbes in health and illness Immunologist- A person who studies how the human body defends itself against viruses

Station 3- Part B

Microorganism (AKA Microbe)

Directions:

1. Read the three following shocking statistics about different types of microbes.

2. Record a short reflection on your paper for each.

Statistic 1: The number of germs on your fingertips doubles after you use the restroom. Up to half of all men and a quarter of all women fail to wash their hands after using the restroom.

Statistic 2: Every year, more than 164 million school days are lost due to illness. It is believed that a great number of these days could be reduced if children merely washed their hands properly and regularly. In a study of 305 Detroit school children, it was found that youngsters that washed their hands four times a day

had 24% fewer sick days due to respiratory illness and 51% fewer days due to upset stomach.

Statistic 3: We have between 2 and 10 million bacteria between fingertip and elbow. Millions of germs hide under watches and bracelets and there could be as many germs under your ring as there are people in

Europe.

Station 4- Part B

UnicellularDirections:

1. Observe the pictures of different organisms below. On your paper, classify each organism as either unicellular or multicelluar.

2. Then, come up with two characteristics (describing words/phrases) for each group of organisms.

Station 5- Part BHuman

AmoebaTurkey

Flower

BacteriaFungi

Cat

Euglena

PreventionDirections:

1. Read the following information about the Flu Virus. 2. After reading the text, list at least five things you have done, or could do, to prevent catching the Flu.

Flu Facts From TeensHealth.org

Your head aches, and so does every muscle in your body. You're cold one minute and hot the next. Your throat is scratchy and you're starting to cough. You might be coming down with the flu!

Flu Season Is October to May If you get the flu, you'll have lots of company. Each year from October to May, millions of people all across the United States come down with the flu. Kids get the flu most often. But people in every age group — including teens — can catch it.

What Is the Flu? Flu is the common name for influenza. It's a virus that infects the respiratory system. Often when you're sick with a virus, your body builds up a defense system by making antibodies against it. That means you usually don't get that particular virus strain again. Unfortunately, flu viruses mutate (change) each year. So you aren't protected from getting the flu forever. Some years the change in the flu virus is slight. So if you do get the flu, it's mild. The antibodies from having the flu before give you partial protection. But every 10 years or so the flu virus goes through a major change and many people get severe cases. These large-scale outbreaks are called epidemics. If they spread worldwide, they're called pandemics. The H1N1 ("swine flu") outbreak of 2009-2010 was considered a pandemic.

How Does the Flu Spread? The flu virus spreads through the air when a person who has the virus sneezes, coughs, or speaks. The flu can sometimes be passed on through objects that someone with the virus touched, sneezed, or coughed on. When a healthy person touches these contaminated items and then touches his or her mouth or nose, the virus can enter their system. People carrying the virus can be contagious 1 day before their symptoms appear and about 5 to 7 days after they first get symptoms. So it's possible to pass the flu on before you even know you're sick. Flu epidemics often start in schools and then move quickly through a community as students spread the virus to family members and people around them.

Station 6- Part B

TreatmentDirections:

1. Read “The Miracle of Mold”. Think about the ways bacterial infections were treated during World War I and how those methods compare to methods used today.

2. Compare and contrast treatment methods used by completing the Venn Diagram on your paper. Each section of the Venn Diagram should include at least two pieces of

information.

Station 7- Part B

AntibioticsDirections:

1. Below is a list of antibiotics that are commonly prescribed by doctors. Also listed is the disease this antibiotic is usually prescribed to treat. List the names of these antibiotics on your paper. If you recognize the

name of an antibiotic or have had it prescribed to you before, put a star beside it.

2. Then, look at the list of diseases on your paper. Circle any disease that you think can be treated or cured using an antibiotic.

List of Commonly Prescribed ANTIBIOTICS

Amoxicillin (Strep Throat) Augmentin (Bronchitis) Rifaximin (Diarrhea) Cloxacillin (Lyme Disease) Penicillin (Strep Throat, Lyme Disease) Streptomycin (Tuberculosis) Mupirocin (Infected Cuts)

Gentamicin (E. Coli) Ceftobiprole (MRSA) Clindamycin (Acne) Telithromycin (Pneumonia) Roxithromycin (Respiratory Tract Infections)

Bacitracin (Ear Infection) Chloramphenicol (Meningitis)