LYON TOHOKU

Speakers’ biographies and abstracts

9 FEBRUARY 2007

P R O G R A M M E S E S S I O N 4

“Tribology”

P R O G R A M M ED AY 2 – F R I D AY, 9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7Ecole Centrale de Lyon (Amphithéâtre 201, Building W1)

Parallel Session 3 "Multi-Scale Heat and Fluid Flow"

Sponsors: The 21st Century COE Program: International COE of Flow DynamicsChairpersons: Prof. S. Maruyama (Tohoku University) and Prof. Jean-Pierre Bertoglio (Ecole Centrale de Lyon)

9:00 - 9:10 Orientation

9:10 - 9:30 Prof. Michel Lance / École Centrale de Lyon"Two phase flow dynamics"

9:30 - 9:50 Prof. Shigenao Maruyama / Tohoku University"Scale effect of heat and fluid flow for application to micro and nano technologies"

9:50 - 10:10 Dr. Jean-François Pinton / Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon "The Lagrangian viewpoint"

10:10 – 10:40 Break

10:40 – 11:00 Prof. Shigeru Obayashi / Tohoku University"Silent supersonic transport friendly to environment – A biplane concept"

11:00 – 11:20 Prof. Yasuaki P. Kohama / Tohoku University"High speed train aerodynamics and aeroacoustic noise problems"

11:20 – 11:40 Dr. Dany Escudié / INSA de Lyon"Flame-Wall Interaction: a better knowledge for less polution"

11:40 – 12:00 Associate Prof. Kaoru Maruta / Tohoku University "Dynamics of combustion in microscale systems"

Parallel Session 4 "Tribology"

Sponsors: Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA de Lyon and Tohoku UniversityChairpersons: Associate Prof. Makoto Ohta (Tohoku University) and Prof. Philippe Kapsa (Ecole Centrale de Lyon)

9:00 - 9:10 Orientation

9:10 - 9:30 Prof. Denis Mazuyer / Ecole Centrale de Lyon"Surface texturation in lubrication"

9:30 - 9:50 Prof. Koji Kato / Tohoku University "Tribology in the coming 50 years"

9:50 - 10:10 Prof. Yves Berthier / INSA de Lyon"From the tribology of everyday life to numerical tribology"

10:10 – 10:40 Break

10:40 – 11:00 Associate Prof. Makoto Ohta / Tohoku University"Tribological characteristics of biomaterials and soft tissue"

11:00 – 11:20 Prof. Hassan Zahouani / Ecole Centrale de Lyon "Bio-tribology of human skin"

11:20 – 11:40 Associate Prof. Momoji Kubo / Tohoku University "Quantum chemical molecular dynamics approach to tribochemical reaction dynamics"

11:40 - 12:00 Discussion

Joint Session between Parallel 3 and 4

12:00 - 14:00 Buffet lunch. Venue Ecole Centrale de Lyon

14:00 - 16:30 Poster session by junior researchers and roundtable discussion“International research collaboration in Fluid Mechanics,Thermics and Tribology”

Venue: Ecole Centrale de Lyon (Amphithéâtre Jacques Bordet, Building W1)

Chairman

Name: Makoto OHTAInstitution: Institute of Fluid Science

Tohoku UniversityPosition: Associate Professor

Brief Resume of past and present activities

Improvement of Wear properties of Ultra-high Molecular WeightPolyethylene by orientated crystallization3-D reconstruction of tissue and human bodyPoly vinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) modelling for standardization ofsoft tissueFunctional biomodelling of soft tissues such as cerebral aneurysm forpre-operation system or development tools of surgical or endovascu-lar treatments.Computational Fluid Simulation in aneurysm with intracranial stentDevelopment of intracranial stent with diverterQuantitative evaluation of imagingFlow analysis of blood flow in cerebral aneurysm using cinematicangiography and center-pathline methods

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Chairman

Name: Philippe KAPSA Institution: Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamic of Systems,

UMR 5513, ECL, ENISE, CNRSUMR CNRS-INSA-UCBL 5008 - Ecole Centrale Lyon

Position: Directeur de Recherche CNRS

Brief Resume of past and present activitiesPhilippe Kapsa is gratuated from Ecole Centrale de Lyon in 1976. He presented a Doctor of Science Thesis in 1982 in the field ofTribology, with a research subject concerning the mechanical aspect ofanti-wear efficiency of antiwear additives like Zinc Dithiophosphate. He is Research Director of CNRS and curently the Director of"Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes", UMR 5513,which belongs to Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecole National d'ingénieursde Saint Etienne and the French National Scientific Research Center(CNRS). He is active in the field of Tribology – Materials – Mechanicssince he obtained his diploma. The main research activities concern :the friction and wear behaviour of materials in dry or lubricatedconditions, Fretting (experimentation and modelling), Tribology ofceramic / ceramic composite materials in high temperature situations,the mechanical properties measurements of thin coatings, experi-mentation and modelling of surface damage in fretting, standardisationof tribological tests and measurements of surface properties bymeans of indentation testing. The fundamental aspects of tribological problems are studied consideringalso the applications in relation with industry. His main interestsconcern the study and prediction of tribological behavior from thematerial and mechanical point of view.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Denis MAZUYER Institution: Ecole Centrale de LyonPosition: Professor

Brief Resume of past and present activities– PhD obtained in the Ecole Centrale de Lyon in 1989– Professor in the Ecole Centrale de Lyon since 2000 teaching in the

field of tribology, rheology, mechanics and materials engineering.– Research field concerns the investigation of the fundamental pro-

cesses of thin film lubriocation in EHD and boundary regime, frommolecular scale to macroscopic scale. The present activities arefocused on the contact dynamics in the control friction and wear inlubricated contacts and the lubrication mechanisms with colloidalsystems.

Title of presentation

Surface texturation in lubrication

AbstractMicro-texuration is very efficient to make surfaces super-hydrophobicaccording to a physical process known of the « lotus effect ». In therecent past, tribologists have also investigated surface texturationbecause it could be a promising way to increase the lifetime ofcontacts or to make its working conditions more severe. Moreover,significant friction coefficient reductions have been obtained with tex-tured surfaces in different lubrication regimes. In this presentation, the transient lubrication phenomena induced byLASER made circular micro-cavities passing through an EHL pointcontact are analysed both experimentally and numerically. Under rolling–sliding conditions, the passage of an isolated cavity modifiesthe film thickness distribution. Deep micro-cavities induce an oil filmfailure. On the contrary, a shallow micro-cavity locally generates alarge increase in the film thickness. By optimizing the pressure profile, the cavities geometry and the slide/roll ratio control the leveland the extension local film reinforcement.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Koji KATO Institution: Tohoku UniversityPosition: Professor and Head of Tribology Lab. (since 1987)

Brief Resume of past and present activities[1] Haute Distinction Honoris Causa de l’Ecole Centrale de

Lyon(France,1998),[2] Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering

Sciences(2003),[3] The International Award of the Society of Tribologists and

Lubrication Engineers(USA,2003),[4] The Jacob Wallenberg Award from the Royal Swedish Academy of

Engineering Sciences(2006),[5] Mayo D. Hersey Award from American Society of Mechanical

Engineers(USA, 2006),[6] Best Paper Award from ASME(USA, 2003), [7]Over 65 invited

plenary and key note presentations at international conferences inforeign countries, [8]Over 280 published papers in internationaljournals, [9]11 co-authored academic books in English, [10]BestPaper Awards from VSI, JSME, JST(Japan, 1995, 1997, 2003),[11]Editorial Board Member of 6 International Journals.

Title of presentation

Tribology in the coming 50 years

AbstractThe science and technology of surfaces and contact have been deve-loped rapidly in the past 50 years together with the development offine analytical instruments of surfaces.The traditionally established observations of friction and wear ofsolids have been partly better understood with such results.

On the other hand, various new observations of properties of frictionand wear have been made in these 20-30 years, especially with newmaterials, new environments and micro/nano technology.It is obvious that repeated dynamic contact of solids in gases and/or

liquids will show us much more unexpected exciting micro andmacro phenomena and new physical and chemical insights will berequired in the coming 50 years. Advanced technology for higher abi-lity and reliabilities of near future products and systems will definitelyneed advanced science of contact developed by such insights. Thistalk confirms the high potential of contribution of Tribology with thisviewpoint.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Yves BERTHIERInstitution: INSA LyonPosition: DR CNRS

Brief Resume of past and present activitiesMy work initially involved the phenomenological modelling of frictionand wear (velocity accommodation mechanism, tribological circuit)by using the concept of the third body. Then to my own initiative, theteam formulated a numerical model for use as an instrument toobserve contacts in situ (mechanism, first body, third body). This instrumentation now permits analysing the operation ofcontacts before proceeding to the predictive “mechanical” modellingof friction (rheology of first-third bodies) and wear (first-third bodyflows).

Title of presentation

From the tribology of everyday life to numerical tribology

AbstractAnalysing the tribological operation of contacts* is restricted by theirconfinement, making it necessary to “imagine” their operation on thebasis of exchanges with the external environment and post mortem(static) observations. Numerical tribology is now being used to over-come this situation, by instrumenting contacts in situ from the scaleof a micrometer to over 50 000 Hz. It shows that even at a constantrelative velocity, the bodies in contact (steel, several m/s) form insta-bilities (30 000 Hz, 1.5 µm) that are alternations of zones in (sticking,slipping) and out (raised) of contact. These raised zones do not trans-mit tangential force, which would be erroneously interpreted by a tri-bometer as a reduction of friction “within the contact”. Numerical instrumentation also permits identifying the range ofdynamic stresses in which the behaviour laws of the materials mustbe measured in order to model friction and wear.

* human joints, brake pads / disc, bow/string, etc.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Makoto OHTAInstitution: Institute of Fluid Science

Tohoku UniversityPosition: Associate Professor

Brief Resume of past and present activities

Improvement of Wear properties of Ultra-high Molecular WeightPolyethylene by orientated crystallization3-D reconstruction of tissue and human bodyPoly vinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) modelling for standardization ofsoft tissueFunctional biomodelling of soft tissues such as cerebral aneurysm forpre-operation system or development tools of surgical or endovascu-lar treatments.Computational Fluid Simulation in aneurysm with intracranial stentDevelopment of intracranial stent with diverterQuantitative evaluation of imagingFlow analysis of blood flow in cerebral aneurysm using cinematicangiography and center-pathline methods

Title of presentation

Tribological characteristics of Biomaterials and soft tissue.

AbstractBiomaterials touches on human tissues such as blood vessel or jointsas an implant or medical goods after sever diseases such as rheuma-tism or aneurysm. Artificial joints, stents or catheters are necessaryfor physical characteristics especially biotribological characteristics toimprove the life of implants and also to decrease the impact on bio-logical reactions. Functional Biomodelling, to reach the reality, includes the shape andthe physical characteristics of tissues used as understanding the tis-sues and for simulating treatments when the tissues are damaged.Silicone or acrylic resins were used as the conventional biomodellingwith high friction. Poly vinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) is one of thehydrophilic gels forming a water layer on the surface to decrease thefriction. Arteries with 3-D geometries moulded by PVA-H has a simi-lar friction coefficient to a real artery. It is useful to test or check ofcatheters of endovascular treatments just before of animal tests.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Assan ZAHOUANI Institution: Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamic of Systems,

UMR 5513 ECL, ENISE, CNRSPosition: Professor

Brief Resume of past and present activitiesMy research activities are interested in the fundamental and appliedaspects of the multi-scale character of roughness in the contact between solids, the development of the models for the problems ofstatic and dynamic sealing, stiffness of contact and the effect on thenoise during dry frictionA second axis closely related to the surface quality relates to the com-prehension of the tribological mechanisms of abrasion (mono andmulti-contact) in the various processes of machining, abrasive wearand the incidence on the integrity of surfaces.A new activity was born these last years, relates to bio-tribology inthe field of living and in particular the human skin (in vitro and invivo), the hair and the nail.

Title of presentation

Bio – Tribology of Human Skin

AbstractFrom the point of view of the tribology of the touch quality, when onespeaks about softness of an object, one very easily associates it hisroughness, the friction and the mechanical properties of materials.With regard to the skin, the scientific literature still relatively little pro-vided on the measurement and the significance of the skin frictioncoefficient, however makes echo of some interesting attempts but notyet correlated with the notion of the touch quality. In our laboratory, we have developed an innovative tribologicalapproach very sensitive to the vibrations transmitted by the stratumcorneum during friction test. This approach made it possible to lookfurther into the analysis of the touch and to identify the sound modi-fications of the hydrated human skin with various products.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Momoji KUBO Institution: Department of Applied Chemistry,

Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University

Position: Associate Professor

Brief Resume of past and present activitiesDevelopment of SCF-tight-binding quantum chemical moleculardynamics simulatorDevelopment of multi-physics and multi-scale simulator based onquantum chemistryDevelopment of tribochemical reaction dynamics simulator based onquantum chemical molecular dynamicsApplication of original simulators to tribology, mechanical enginee-ring, electronics, catalysts, etc.

2001 Young Scientist Award from the Society of ChemicalEngineers, Japan

2003 Project Leader, PRESTO, JST

2004 Young Scientist Award from the Japan Petroleum Institute

2005 Young Scientist Award from Catalysis Society of Japan

2006 Minister’s Award from the Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan

Title of presentationQuantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics Approach to

Tribochemical Reaction Dynamics.

AbstractTribological phenomena are generally caused by the microscopicbehaviors of lubricant molecules at the contacting interface underhigh pressure. In order to clarify such phenomena, we have developeda classical molecular dynamics code "Tribosim" and successfullyapplied it to the prediction of tribological dynamics, friction coefficients,traction coefficients, etc. More recently in addition to the atomisticunderstanding of the tribological dynamics, the electronic-levelunderstanding of the tribochemical reactions is strongly demanded.However, the classical molecular dynamics method cannot simulatethe chemical reactions. Hence in this conference, we will introduceour successful development of quantum chemical molecular dyna-mics simulator "Tribo-Colors" for elucidation of the tribochemicalreaction dynamics under shear condition.This simulator is based on our original SCF-tight-binding theory, andrealized over 5,000 times acceleration compared to the conventionalfirst-principles molecular dynamics method. Moreover, our success-ful applications of our new simulator for tribochemical reactions willbe also introduced in the conference.

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

Name: Hiroyuki MIKI Institution: Institute of Fluid Science

Tohoku University

Title of posterFriction Wear Properties between

Partially Polished CVD Diamond and Structural Steel

Brief Resume of present activities1. Describes the micro-structure of the diamond film and the friction

properties between partially polished CVD diamond and structuralsteel.

2. Low friction sliding mechanism using partly polished CVD dia-mond films deposited on sintered substrate are proposed from thepractical viewpoint.

3. We focus on the friction properties between diamond film-stainlesssteel instead of diamond-diamond.

4. The friction properties between partially polished CVD diamondand structural steel under nitrogen gas, ambient air and dry airatmospheres are also discussed.

Name: Takashi TOKUMASU Institution: Institute of Fluid Science

Tohoku University

Title of posterMolecular Dynamics Study for the gas molecule adsorbed on

metal surface

Brief Resume of present activities1. Reaction flow phenomena in interfaces of electrodes and electroly-

tes in fuel cells2. Quantum and molecular dynamics study on hydrogen storage

alloy performance3. Proton transfer in membrane electrode assembly in fuel cells4. Computational fluid dynamics for the distribution of heat in fuel

cells5. Analysis of micro characteristics of nanobubble carrying liquids

9 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 7SESSION 4: TRIBOLOGY

JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ BIOGRAPHIES