M Simpson SCRI Forum BIM Structural Design Arup
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Transcript of M Simpson SCRI Forum BIM Structural Design Arup
Cost
TimeFeasibility Concept
Design
DetailedDesign
Construction
To cost of post construction change is many times the cost of change during design
Post Construction
This must be avoided
Egan stated that up to 30% of construction is rework
This is the ideal place for change to occur, ie where
it is cheap!
How Cost Changes with Time
HandoverAs BuiltConstructionDesign
Current Practice
Concept
Ex
am
pl e
,Information Flow across the Project Life-Cycle
?
Dat
a, In
form
atio
n &
Kn
ow
led
ge
Date atrophy during project lifecycle due to:• Information exchange via 2D drawings/Sketches/Reports/Conversations...• Upfront simulation is limited and for some disciplines simulation is not accurate• We start the final production phase commence before design is complete.• Often without production of prototypes (Most buildings are unique!)
Today's trends & Tomorrow’s challenges.
Today’s Trends Tomorrow’s Challenges
We live on a planet with finite resources. Scarcity of resources is resulting in rising material and energy costs.
Efficiency must be improved in terms of resources & energy consumed during whole life of the project including construction.
Today's trends & Tomorrow’s challenges.
Today’s Trends Tomorrow’s Challenges
Desire for sustainable development means that economic decisions are taken with environmental and social issues
Projects must provide best value; socially, economically and environmentally.
+ =+
Three planets needed to support current EU consumption
Today's trends & Tomorrow’s challenges.
Today’s Trends Tomorrow’s Challenges
Globalisation of the design and construction market will change the way we work.
Project teams must have the tools to enable effective management and collaboration within globally distributed teams
Today's trends & Tomorrow’s challenges.
Today’s Trends Tomorrow’s Challenges
Economic and political drivers will change procurement methods such as PFI, PPP, D&B
Project teams require better information during the bidding process in order to make confident decisions
Today's trends & Tomorrow’s challenges.
Today’s Trends Tomorrow’s Challenges
The consumer/end user is more discerning in terms of desires and expectations
Projects must be delivered on time and budget, no matter how complex.
Ove Arup
“The term ‘Total Architecture’ implies that all relevant design decisions have been considered together and have been integrated into a whole by a well organised team empowered to fix priorities”
Sir Ove Arup – The Key Speech - 1970
“This is an ideal which can never – or only very rarely –be fully realised in practise, but which is well worth, for striving for artistic wholeness or excellence depends on it, and for our own sake we need the stimulation produced by excellence”
“This is an ideal which can never – or only very rarely –be fully realised in practise, but which is well worth
"BIM involves representing a design as objects – vague and undefined, generic or product-specific, solid shapes or void-space oriented (like the shape of a room), that carry their geometry, relations and attributes.”
* Representing design as objects
Defining BIM
"The process of BIM is revolutionary because it provides the opportunity to migrate from practices that are centred around human craftsmanship to a more augmented and modern machine craftsmanship - and all that this might imply."
* Transition: Traditional to Digital
Defining BIM
“A coordinated digital dataset that contains appropriate computable information necessary to design, build, operate and ultimately decommission a project”
* A shared knowledge resource
Defining BIM
“Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle.”
* Parallels with PLM
Defining BIM
Is BIM a Virtual Prototype?
Virtual – (adj) not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so
Prototype – (noun) the first example of something from which all later forms are developed
The sum is more than the individual parts:• Prototype • Philosophy• Set of standard procedures or process
A 3D model that…
• Contains no object attributes• Has no parametric intelligence• Is composed of only 2D CAD references• Is not geometrically accurate• Cannot be shared• or requires another party to duplicate information or processes• and allows you to bodge things
...Is not BIM!
Information Communication
Technology
Project Information
Management
Building Information Model (Management)
Project Team members need coordinated up to date information to be able to do modelling & calculations
Project Team members need carry out tasks in such a way that they are easily coordinated, recorded and verified
Project Team members need to be able to exchange and stored project data quickly and with confidence
Geometrical & Technical
Simulations(Virtual Prototype)
BIM
BIM is....
Main Players at the Design Stage
Structural model
MEP Services model
Architectural model
• Framing elements• Foundations• Typical details
• Walls & ceilings• Room spaces• Materials and finishes
• Space reservation• Plant rooms• Plant systems
Architect
Main Players at the Design Stage
• Building Setting Out• Spatial Planning
Structural Engineer
• Adds building elements & foundations• Main concrete walls & floor slabs
• Adds walls, soffits, false floors Architect
MEPEngineer
• Adds space reservation for main service routes & Plant Rooms
Asset Management
Supply Chain Management
4D Modelling Engineering Optimisation
Whole life costing
Interior Design &
Fit out
Façade Design
Quantities Extraction
Building Information Modelling/
ManagementBuilding Services Architectural
Design
Clash detection & coordination
Structural Design
Adaptive Survey & Drawing
Digital Fabrication
Real time value Engineering
Real-time progress reporting
& RFI
Unified Approach to BIM(M)
HandoverAs BuiltConstruction
Object included in handover data set with corresponding population of AIM .
As -built changes incorporated & data set updated as necessary .
Object data fields completedprogressively . Schedules & takeoffs .
Object carried into design development . 3D view for spatial fit . Schedules & take-offs.
Library object used in concept GA - simple plan view
Design
Whole Lifecycle Information Management
Current Practice
Concept
Ex
am
pl e
,Information Flow across the Project Life-Cycle
?
Dat
a, In
form
atio
n &
Kn
ow
led
ge
Key Components of Structural BIM
• Process Mapping
• Parametric Modelling
• Component & Adaptive Modelling
• Data Exchange
• Optimisation
Process mapping essential to:
• Understanding the process
• Identify blockages and re-work
• Improving efficiency
• Managing changes
• Resource planning
• Facilitate research and implementation of new technology
Structural Process Map
Parameter– noun
“a constant or variable term in a function that determines the specific form of the function
but not its general nature”
Parametric Modelling
Parametric Modelling = DNA for buildings
Structural System
Loading
Circulation
Thermal Performance
Acoustic Performance
Component & Adaptive Modelling
If Parametric Modelling is DNA,
Component Modelling is the Skeleton that everything else hangs from.
The change from representing a building as a series of 2D images to a collection of components is the most important paradigm in the road to BIM
P(x,y,z)
Q(x,y,z)
Adaptive ModellingThe continued use of parametric associative component models during construction
CatiaGeometry
Data attributesLoading etc
VB.NetManagement App
Proprietary .faf file
Section data.mdb fileMS Access
VB MacrosData input
VB MacrosData generation
Data management
MS Excel
data.xls file
VB MacrosData generation
GSAanalysis
data.txt file
MS Excel
FC Shakhtar
Structural data map
Data Exchange
FC Shakhtar
Large Analytical Models
Automated Design of Elements
Spreadsheets
Hard Code
Optimisation
• Optimisation for Minimum Weight• Optimisation for No of Elements
Structural Optimisation
PROCESS INTEGRATION
• Automated data flow between CAD / CAE applications
• Applications available over computer network
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
• Bespoke computational algorithms
• Methods demonstrated to be superior to other published methods
• Scalable to large problems
• Can be implemented in a parallel computing environment
Sample Integrated Process Flow
Computing tasks
Structural Optimisation
KEY
Systemcycle (shape)
=
=
Subspacecycle (sizing)
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MODEL
GEOMETRYMODEL
node coord.
SUBSPACEOPTIMIZER:
MEMBER SIZING
memb. sizes
steel weight,
memb. stress,displacement
shape param.
SYSTEM OPTIMIZER:
SHAPE
steel weight,
crit. constraint
Structural Optimisation
PROBLEM FORMULATON: SPACE FRAME SIZING OPTIMIZATION
OBJECTIVES
• Minimize steel weight
VARIABLES
• 1955 member size variables (~20 size choices)
CONSTRAINTS
• Strength (BS5950 2000)
• Deflection (SPAN / 360 for SLS)
• Architectural requirements
x y
z
DESIGN LAYER
Scale: 1:727.8
xy
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: "upper plane"
Scale: 1:992.5
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: 2456
Scale: 1:7.091
x y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: 1939 1940
Scale: 1:17.88
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: 2106 2107
Scale: 1:12.60
Universal Beam
(UB) Section
Rectangular Hollow
Section (RHS)
Circular Hollow
Section (CHS)
Roof space frame sizing optimization
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: "bottomSurf_real"
Scale: 1:985.4
Area, A: 1250. cm²/pic.cm
700.0 cm²
600.0 cm²
500.0 cm²
400.0 cm²
300.0 cm²
200.0 cm²
100.0 cm²
80.00 cm²
60.00 cm²
40.00 cm²
20.00 cm²
0.0 cm²
BASELINE DESIGN
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: "upper plane"
Scale: 1:985.4
Area, A: 1000. cm²/pic.cm
700.0 cm²
600.0 cm²
500.0 cm²
400.0 cm²
300.0 cm²
200.0 cm²
100.0 cm²
80.00 cm²
60.00 cm²
40.00 cm²
20.00 cm²
0.0 cm²
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Member list: "bottomSurface"
Scale: 1:993.8
Area, A: 1000. cm²/pic.cm
700.0 cm²
600.0 cm²
500.0 cm²
400.0 cm²
300.0 cm²
200.0 cm²
100.0 cm²
80.00 cm²
60.00 cm²
40.00 cm²
20.00 cm²
0.0 cm²
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Member list: "topSurface"
Scale: 1:993.8
Area, A: 1000. cm²/pic.cm
700.0 cm²
600.0 cm²
500.0 cm²
400.0 cm²
300.0 cm²
200.0 cm²
100.0 cm²
80.00 cm²
60.00 cm²
40.00 cm²
20.00 cm²
0.0 cm²
OPTIMIZED DESIGN
Top Surface
Bottom Surface
x
y
z
ANALYSIS LAYER
Element list: "steel roof"
Scale: 1:1264.
Area, A: 5000. cm²/pic.cm
2000. cm²
1500. cm²
1000. cm²
500.0 cm²
400.0 cm²
300.0 cm²
200.0 cm²
100.0 cm²
50.00 cm²
0.0 cm²
IncreasingSteelArea
Roof space frame sizing optimization
Barriers to change
• The Client’s Business Model• How does the client make money? • What is the drivers for the clients business? • What are the reasons behind the project?
• The Client’s Financial Model• How does the client fund the project? • How is cash flow controlled?
• Empty Site Syndrome• Why is there pressure to start before the design is complete? • Who has set the completion date and why?
Barriers to change
• Design management and tendering process• How can late change be reduced by bringing suppliers and fabricators in much earlier into the design process
• Resistance to front end loading or investment in technology• It easier to see the headline figures instead of the savings. Why?
• Professional Indemnity• Lawyers!!!! Enough said!
• Aversion to Innovation• Why are you innovating on my project?
“BIM…is seen as having the
greatest potential to transform
the habits…of the industry.”
- Low Carbon Construction IGT
Emerging Professions
• The Technology ManagerResponsible for setting up ICT, Modelling and Simulation strategies for the whole project team from feasibility through to operation.
• The ToolmakerResponsible to creating bespoke tools and interfaces to allow exchange of ideas, information and data between different project team members.
• The ModellerResponsible for creating accurate geometry and component based models required for the virtual prototype or embedding knowledge required for simulation
• The ResearcherTo bridge the gap between theory and application and speed up implementation