M-Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context- What is it about?
-
Upload
martin-ebner -
Category
Education
-
view
1.075 -
download
3
description
Transcript of M-Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context- What is it about?
M-‐Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context What is it about?
M. Ebner & M. Grimus University of Technology, Graz, Austria
Victoria, June 2013
Sub Sahara Afrika (SSA)
Background Current SituaIon
• EducaIon • Infrastructure • Policies
Aims General Issues specific for SSA Improving Quality of EducaIon ?
Mobile Learning • Learning with Mobiles
• Projects • Teacher EducaIon • Resources • Challenges/Benefits
Facts -‐ Sub Sahara Afrika • Population 950 Millions
expected to double till 2050 hVp://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY).
• 50 % younger than 15 years
• 32 % between age 10 - 14
• Only 36% capacity to enroll in Secondary Education Reference hVp://www.gallup.com/poll/155369/poverty-‐drops-‐secondary-‐educaIon-‐sub-‐saharan-‐africa.aspx
• 37 % Illiterate (> 15 years)
• Language: ~ 2.000 languages/dialects in Africa. English = official language for 470 mill. ( ~ 36 % of the population speaks the official langauge)
Numbers on SSA average, range differs in the 46 countries Reference:http://www.weltbevoelkerung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Datenreport/Datenreport_2012.pdf
M. Grim
us, Vienna, Austria
43% of kids out of school in the world live in SSA http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY)
40 % Illiterates
acer 5 years of school
EducaIon-‐ Challenges
• Fast increasing numbers of students
• Large class sizes • Un-‐trained or under-‐trained
teachers • Shortage of adequate material
(textbooks, libraries…) • Limited repertoire of pedagogies • Widespread adult literacy
M. Grimus, Vienna, Austria
In School • Limited books • Low reading skills • Scarce electricity in
schools • Scarce access to
computers /Internet
Out of School • „mobile-‐rich“ • Read and write on mobile
Literacy
13,1
7,9
3 2,6 3,6 3,2
2,1 2 2,1 1,9 1,5 1,3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Reading
Mathe
RaIo of textbooks in primary schools: pupils per book
• Infrastrucure in Schools • Teachers readyness:
digital literacy and pedagogy • Costs (Internet, airIme)
• Poverty and disease • Low compleIon rates • Adult Illiteracy – late learners (age,
gender) • HIV ( age 15-‐49, average SSA 2009:
male 3,6%, female 5,6% ), influences teaching capacity
Resources Challenges
• Facilitate learning in remote areas
• Youth is becoming demanding (learning)
• Mobiles – more affordable than PCs
• Internet access nearly mobile only
• Age (adults, overaged students)
• Informal learning
• Overcome Gender inequaliIes (girls)
• Shic from classroom centered learning to informal learning
• Cost effecIve tablets, e-‐reader, feature phones to deliver mainly texbased content.
• Content – naIonal demands (ethic, culture, needs)
Benefits -‐ Mobile Learning in SSA
ICT Policies and 21st Century Skills
Teaching and Learning
Impact of General Issues
Infrastructur Mobile Networks,
Internet
Mobile Learning -‐ a Chance for Formal and Informal Learning
Barriers • Lack of awarness of
decisionmakers • Costs (device, airRme) • Lack of Content (m -‐ Learning) • Limited pedagogy for m-‐
learning • Need for guidelines für „Good
PracRce“ • Privacy Issues • Power supply • Internet -‐ free WiFi in schools
and communiRes
Drivers • Youth is knowledgable with
mobiles and social networks (Facebook)
• Young teachers • Demand of new teachers (needs
of 350.000 new teachers / year) • Teacher educaRon – new
strategies • Decreasing costs for device and
airRme • Informal learning (adult learners) • CooperaRon in Learning -‐ Peer
Groups (teacher educaRon)
• UNESCO guidelines for Mobile Learning Policies
Projects in SSA
• Textbased applicaIons (costs, feature phones)
• InteracIvity • Increases literacy local demands: topics, language
• Health educaRon HIV prevenIon -‐ apps, games hVp://www.freedomhivaids.in/ in Kiswahili and Shen.
HIV Cricket www.FreedomHivAids.in/HIVCricket.wml
Mobile phones are the e-‐Reader of Africa
Projects in SSA • iRead: Worlreader–Project, e-‐Books on Kindle
and on mobile phones. Reading increased 50 %, : 500.000 reader since dec. 2012 in Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda,
Kenya…… • m4Lit mobiles for Literacy
Yoza Cell Phone Stories ShuVleworth FoundaIon South Africa (beVer infrastructure ) Youth: 90% own a mobile phone Write and read their stories, in Englisch, Afrikaans and isi Xhosa
• MulRlingual Maths in South Africa grade 11 and 12 material for maths on mobile phones in English and Setswana (switch)
• ABC -‐ Literacy for adult Illiterated Niger , in local languages -‐ Dosso, Zinder, Hausa, Zarma, Kanuri.
• South African Literacy Improvement iniRaRve, 500.000 Users, 50 stories Source: Steve Volso 2010 de.slideshare.net/uocunescochair/m4-‐lit-‐
unescobarcelonaoct2010sprinkling
hVp://www.worldreader.org/uploads/Worldreader%20VacaIon%20School%20Report%20Oct-‐2011.pdf
„The stories r interesIng nf fun 2 read, they kip ma englsh gng“ Hlegiwe gulube
„Wow wat a story i like it shame it realy uplics da spirits of those livng with HIV it shows tht being hiv+ is no death sentence wow am so touched as im also living with hiv „ …. Yonela“
21st Century Skills -‐ Curricula
Digital literacy & pedagogy
New Teachers qualificaRon
21st Century Skills
+ 350.000 p/year
Nigeria, Kano 2010
Life Skills
Teacher EducaIon
Resources
• OER Open EducaIonal Resources CK-‐12 webbases collaboraIve ‘flex-‐books‘ , hVp://www.ck12.org/)
• E-‐books (formats) • CreaIve Commons
• MOOCS • Open Courseware:
MIT (Masschusets InsItute of Technology) hVp://ocw.mit.edu Khan Academy ,hVp://www.khanacademy.org/
Discussion
• Policies • Devices ? • Costs (device, access to mobile content)
• Informal Learning – Teachers readiness ?????
• TradiIons, Language, Ethics in SSA
• Open EducaIonal Resources • Open Source
Conclusions
WiFi in schools and communiRes
Content for mobiles
Digital literacy
Policies & Infrastructure
Teacher EducaRon Curricula
Information Technology Services Graz University of Technology
Martin Ebner [email protected]
http://elearningblog.tugraz.at http://elearning.tugraz.at
Dept. Social Learning
Learning formal / informal
CompleRon?
• Enrollment (age) • DuraRon (years?) • Gender • QualificaRon -‐ Teachers
Life Skills • Youth: -‐
demanding befer skills • HIV / AIDS • Mothers
18